Chemistry Review: Atomic Structure and Nuclear Chemistry
1. What two subatomic particles attract each other?
_______________ and ____________________
2. What two subatomic particles repel each other? _________________ and
________________________.
3. Fill in the table:
Particle
Mass
Charge
Proton
Electron
Neutron
4. How does the nucleus compare to the rest of the atom in terms of size, density,
and charge?
Size (big/small)
Density (low/high)
Charge (+/-/neutral)
Nucleus
Rest of atom
5. What scientist discovered the nucleus of the atom? ______________________
Describe his experiment:
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
6. What did Niels Bohr conclude about electrons in atoms?
________________________________________________________________
7. What was Laviosier’s theory about chemical reactions?
_______________________________________________________________
8. What is the difference between the atomic number and mass number of an
atom? ____________________________________________________ Which
one determines the identity of the atom? __________________________
9. Write the symbol of the atom having 30 protons, 30 electrons, and 35 neutrons
(include the atomic number and mass number).
10. Determine the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in the following atoms:
Element
Protons
Electrons
Neutrons
calcium-42
130Xe
54
Tin-119
11. There are three isotopes of carbon: carbon-12, carbon-13, and carbon-14. They
all have the same number of which particle? _______________ They all have a
different number of which subatomic particle? ________________.
12. Element X has three isotopes with the following mass numbers: 20, 21, and 22.
The percent abundances are 90.51%, 0.27%, and 9.22% respectively. Calculate
the average atomic mass and identify the element.
13. Element Y has two isotopes: Y-46, which has an abundance of 43%, and Y-47,
which has an abundance of 57%. Calculate the average atomic mass.
14. Fill in the table:
Radiation type
Alpha
Beta
Gamma
Charge
Mass
Penetrating Power
15. Write a nuclear decay equation for the alpha decay of uranium-238.
____________  _______________ + ________________
16. Write a nuclear decay equation for the beta decay of cobalt-60.
____________  _______________ + ________________
17. Write a nuclear decay equation for the gamma decay of americium-243.
____________  _______________ + ________________
18. Identify two practical uses for radioactive isotopes:
a. _____________________________________________________________
b. _____________________________________________________________
19. What is nuclear fission? _______________________________________ What
is nuclear fusion? ____________________________________________ Which
one is used in a nuclear power plant? ______________ Which one fuels the
sun? ____________________________
20. The half-life of carbon-14 is 5730 years. How old is a bone that contains 1/8 of
its original amount of carbon-14?
21. The half-life of iodine-131 is 8 hours. If a person ingests 50 g, how much is left in
their body after:
a. 8 hours?
________________
b. 16 hours?
________________
c. 24 hours?
________________
d. 32 hours?
________________