Table S2: Frequencies of mtDNA haplogroups obtained from published data that were employed to perform a Procrustes analysis to test the correspondence between the ordination of size and shape variation and the evolutionary relationships. These frequencies were also used in PGLS analysis to calculate a phylogenetic or weighting covariance matrix (C). The description of the methods used to extract, amplify and determine mtDNA haplogroups is detailed in Moraga et al. (2000), Demarchi et al. (2001), and Goicoechea et al. (2001). Sample CV Cha SJ Del Pa Ar Nqn ChV SP IGTF AI BC A 6 12.02 15.1 12.5 6.1 4.4 2 0 0 0 0 0 mtDNA haplogroups B C 50 0 51.43 14.42 6.1 47.5 37.5 50 36 23.9 22.2 40 9 37 20.7 24.1 0 26.7 0 50 0 15.8 0 63 D 44 22.13 31.3 0 34 33.3 52 55.2 73.3 50 84.2 37 References Dejean et al. (2005) Demarchi et al. (2001) García & Demarchi (2006) Bertoni et al. (2004) Bailiet et al. (1994) Horai et al. (1993) Demarchi et al. (2001) Goicoechea et al. (2001) Lalueza Fox (1996) Lalueza Fox (1996) Lalueza Fox (1996) Lalueza Fox (1996), Moraga et al. (2000) References Bailliet, G., Rothhammer, F., Carnese, F. R., Bravi, C. M., & Bianchi, N. O. 1994. Founder mitochondrial haplotypes in Amerindian populations. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 55, 27-33. Bertoni, B., Figueiro, G., Cabanas, G., McDonough, J. E., Bluteau, C., Merriwether, D., & Sans, M. 2004. Primeras secuencias de ADN mitocondrial de indígenas prehistóricos del Uruguay. In X Congreso Uruguayo de Arqueología: La Arqueología Uruguaya ante los desafíos del nuevo siglo (eds. L. Beovide, I. Barreto, C. Curbelo). Montevideo: Asociación Uruguaya de Arqueología. Dejean, C. B., Keyser-Tracqui, C., Crubézy, E., Blandin, P., Dugoujon, J-M., Ludes, B., Avena, S., Goicoechea, A. S., & Carnese, F. R. 2005. ADN antiguo en restos esqueletales precolombinos de Pampa Grande, Prov. de Salta, Argentina. Rev. Arg. Antrop. Biol. 7, 58. Demarchi, D. A., Panzetta-Dutari, G. M., Motran, C. C., López de Basualdo, M. A., & Marcellino, A. J. 2001. Mitochondrial DNA Haplogroups in Amerindian Populations From the Gran Chaco. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 115, 199-203 García, A., & Demarchi, D. A. 2006. Linajes parentales amerindios en poblaciones del norte de Córdoba. Rev. Arg. Antrop. Biol. 8, 57-71. Goicoechea, A. S., Carnese, F. R., Dejean, C., Avena, S. A., Weimer, T. A., Franco, M. H. L. P., Callegari-Jacques, S. M., Estalote, A. C., Simões, M. L. M. S., Palatnik, M., & Salzano, F. M. 2001. Genetic relationships between amerindian populations of Argentina. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 115, 133-143. Horai, S., Kondo, R., Nakagawa-Hattori, Y., Hayashi, S., Sonoda, S., & Tajima, K. 1993. Peopling of the Americas, founded by four major lineages of mitochondrial DNA. Mol. Biol. Evol. 10, 23-47. Lalueza Fox, C. 1996. Mitochondrial DNA haplogroups in four tribes from Tierra del Fuego-Patagonia: Inferences about the peopling of the Americas. Hum Biol 68, 855-871. Moraga, M., Rocco, P., Miquel, J. F., Nervi, F., Llop, E., Chakraborty, R., Rothhammer, F., & Carvallo, P. 2000. Mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms in Chilean aboriginal populations: implications for the peopling of the southern cone of the continent. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 113, 19–29.