Glucose
 I am a first year medical student at the university of liverpool in the uk. I am currently doing an
investigation into the accuracy of home use blood glucose monitors. As a part of this study i am required
to discover the costs that a typical lab will incur from testing a blood sample for is glucose content, (staff
costs and overheads are not needed).
 I had a nonfasting glucose test (the doctor just kind of "tossed it in" with a blood draw for another test).
The result was 115. While I understand this would be a little high for a fasting blood glucose test, I am
unable to find any reference ranges for nonfasting glucose testing. Is the test meaningful when done like
this (i.e., nonfasting)? Is there a reference range for a nonfasting glucose test?
 what are suggested " normal" ranges for a glucose tolerance test
 I will like to know the Reference Values for a GTT (5 hrs)?
 I want to know pediatric normal ranges for insulin (from new borns to 18 years old).
 A friend recently presented symptoms of a urinary tract infection and when tested exhibited a high non
fasting blood sugar level. She was placed on glucophage xr and given a home blood testing kit to
monitor blood sugar levels pending further blood test results unrelated to the urinary tract infection. She
also takes 2500mg daily of vit-c - 250mg ascorbyl palmitate and the rest ascorbic acid along with
numerous other anti-oxidants. I seem to remember that high doses of vit-c can produce incorrect results
on fasting and post-prandial blood sugar tests. I believe there is another test that measures liver
hexokinase levels that would be more accurate in this particular instance. Have I imagined this? Is there
such a test? what is it called? Do home blood testing kits exist that can be used to measure hexokinase
levels?
 When a person tests the glucose level at home, what should the normal range be?
 An A1c test will give an average, but not necessarily show the ranges. True? Only an average over a
period of time. Now, since the results of A1c tests are given in percents how is it relative to mg/dl?
Where on the number line or what is 100%?
 Re HbA1c you state that the closer to 6% a diabetic's levels are the better his blood sugar is controlled.
Shouldn't that be the closer they are to 4% the better they are controlled? Isn't 4% lower than 6%? Also,
what level indicates a predisposition to diabetes?
 I've been told that I have diabetis, type 2, for the past five years. I've been told this by at least five
doctors;however I've never been told when I should do these blood test,before meals, after,etc;nor have
I've been told about what to look for that might be high,low,etc. When ask by the doctors if I'm doing
the test, I say yes;but they never ask me the results. The question is what is considered high/low.
Before or after meals,etc. Is there some web site that explains what to look for in the results.
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My "comp metabolic panel glucose" test result came back as 67 mg/dl. My doctor told me it was
normal but I've been feeling tired and suspect that my glucose is low. I am a white female, 33 years old,
140 lbs. Another doctor told my mother that the glucose count is low for my age and asked if I ate
before the test. I ate at 12 p.m. and had the blood test that day at 2 p.m. Please advise.
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I have 3 of the 4 symptoms listed in your glossary for hypoglycemia, and headaches being the one I
don't have do occur and sometimes last for a week or better, making that 4 of 4. I haven't been tested yet
because I wasn't sure if there was any special diet or things I may want to stay away from for any
length of time to insure an accurate test. You should know that diabetes run in my family but I haven't
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had any really serious "incidents" to make me feel as that is the problem. I have had pre-surgery blood
tests within the past 2 years and there has been no mention of any problems, but I still have episodes of
shakiness, anxiety, some serious headaches, and occasionally can't get enough sleep. Do you think any
or all of this warrants a test? And if so, do I need to "Not" eat anything in particular that would sway the
results?
The test to see what the blood glucose was over about a month period. It is tied to hemoglobin
somehow. I would like to know the name of the test, how it is reported, how it compares to a fasting
glucose and a one touch home glucose.
Cholesterol/Triglyceride
 I am wondering if you can help me understand my fathers blood chemistry profile, he is 57 and has a
few "out of range" results. Cholesterol/HDL ratio is 1.6, High density lipoprotein HDL 125.0 CH
MG/DL, LDL cholestrol 64, MCV is 105.1 MCH 36.4 and Creatinine is 0.7, can you please explain this
to me?
 what are the best values for thje hdl-ldl ratio?
 My total CHOLESTEROL is 200,HDL is 32,LDL IS 88 and my TRIGLYCERIDE is 306 Is my
TRIGLYCERIDE reading of 306 too high ?
 If I am currently taking lipitor for a longstanding high cholesterol problem that was not affected by
extensive doctor supervised dieting, should I be concerned about side effects of this medicine? Note:
My numbers have dropped in less than a year into a very healthy category-200 and a ratio of 3.1. My
number had been as high as 325 and a ratio of over 5.0. Should a liver scan be done each time I go for a
lipid profile? How often is it recommended that I be tested?
 ONE MORE QUESTION CONCERNING THE CHOLESTROL TOTAL OR FIGURES IN CHOL.
CALULATIONS. I HEARD THAT BEING IN MENOPAUSE CAN AFFECT THESE NUMBERS.
IS THERE ANY SOLID EVIDENCE IN A CONNECTION BETWEEN INCREASED CHOL. AND
MENOPAUSE??
 In Canada Cholesterol levels are tested using a different scale. How do I compare them to levels most
commonly published? Is there an equivalancy table?
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I just got some blood lab results back and I am comparing them to blood work results on me in 1992.
First set of values are from 1992...
Total Chol
165 range <200 mg/dl
Triglyc
38 range 0-150 mg/d
LDL chol (calc) 75 "
< 130mg/dl
HDL chol
84 " > 55 mg/dl
Tot chol/HDL ratio 2.0
< 4.6 F
LDL/HDL RATIO 0.9
min. risk.....
The following set of results is now, 5-8-2001: Please interpret the overall risk and after reviewing some
other information I will provide, help me know what level of risk I have and how to adapt my lifestyle to
bring the levels back down closer to the 92 levels.
cholesterol total
208 H
120 -199 mg/dl
triglycerides
55
<200
mg/dl
HDL CHOL
81
>35
mg/dl
LDL chol(calc)
116
<130
mg/dl
Chol/HDL ratio
2.6
<4.5
LDL/HDL ratio
1.4
<3.3
They did provide the chart below, but I didn't understand where (risk level) I fell. Can you help me
determine that??
Risk
Female
LDL/HDL Chol/HDL
0.5 avg
l.5
3.3
1.0 avg
3.2
4.4
2.0 avg
5.0
7.1
3.0 avg
6.1
11.0
Now, here's any data or background info. you also may need. In 1992, I was 47 yrs old, white, female,
very physically active daily, no illnesses, no genetic predispositions of disease, moderate stress, and
moderately happy and active. Heavy coffee drinker, and hardly no alcohol, no smoking or tobacco. In
2001, I gain some weight, less physical but still exercising 3-4 times a week(aerobic, 30 m to 1 hr);
Retired and failing relationship of 22 yrs....lots of emotional stress; less coffee; 18 mos of excessive
alcochol consumption, and smokeless tobacco use; I have quit the tobacco out 6 wks ago; I have quit
drinking excessively daily; now only occassionally.(only in the past 6 wks) Still exercising; watching
diet intake but not eating well; more coffee again; Now I am 56 yrs old......seem healthy, except
emotionally upset and depressed alot. So, I am needing the intrerpretations...so as to know what
lifestyle changes to make and also need to know how long to wait before I should get the Cholesterol
levels re-checked??? Thanks for the help.
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I wrote to you about a week ago regarding some lab results I had, which were done while fasting. I have
some repeat lab tests done also while fasting for about 16 hours. Please give me any information you
have regarding these labs. Glucose 126, Range (65-109), Cholesterol 462, Triglycerides 2580, yes thats
not a typo, T. Chol/HDL Ratio 9.0 (Ratio Units .0-4.4), MCHC 37.5 Range (32.-36), Lymphs 47 Range
(14-46), Monocytes 3 Range (4-13) My Ast was 30 and ALT 15, but they said that these are probably
inaccurate dut to the high lipids. They were previously elevated (one month ago). They did repeat the
triglycerides result and the AST and ALT. They did say the the specimen was lipemic and may
adversely affect the results. Which way would it affect the results? High or Low? The doctor has put
me on 10 mg. Lipidor, and may possible put me on something else I cant remember the name, and may
also treat me for diabetes. My previous fasting lab was in normal range, 88. I am 32 years old and
in(seeminly) good health.About 10 years ago I had some lab work done and my Choelesterol was 300
something and my triglycerides were around 790, repeat test were better. The doctor thinks its mostly
genetic although I do have about 50 pounds to lose. What questions should I have for the doctor? Any
other advice or comments would be appreciative? How common is a triglyceride level of this amount?
If I have low cholestoral and high triglyceride levels what does this mean? I am a diabetic eating a high
fibre low fat diet with plenty of carbohydrate. Your article states it is unusual to have the above
condition.
I am a 62 year old male. The results of a cholesterol test I had on July 15th revealed the
following.
Total: 255
HDL: 71
LDL: 136
RATIO: 3:6
What does this mean to me. Seems high in total but when broken down into its parts it does not seem to
be too terrible. Should I be concerned?
What is "good cholesterol" & "bad cholesterol"? mine was at 210, triglycerides 277
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my hdl wAS 74 ISTHAT GOOD. MY CHOLESTEROL WAS 211 AND THE LDL WAS103 AND
TGS WERE 169.
Is total cholesterol the sum of HDL, LDL and triglycerides. If not,is there a relationship among the
four?
What is the importance when HDL fluctuates withing a matter of 2 months from 44 to 34, and how
much does diet affect the change??? Also, Is the ratio of 4.8 of more significance than an HDL lower
than the norm, and of what significance is it???
My 10 year old daughter had a lipid panel and her triglycerides were 480. Her cholesterol was 230. Is
this something to worry about? Could diet alone be the problem? Could you please e-mail me what
would be condsidered the normal ranges and abnormal ranges for Cholestrol, HDL, LDL,
Triglycerides?
I am a 35 old male, My father died from heart Dilated Cardiomyopathy when he was 63. I don't smoke,
drink less than one drink a month. I only exercise once a week. I give blood every few months. Blood
pressure is around 110/70, and pulse around 70. I recently had blood work done with the following
results:
Chol 148
HDL 21
LDL 76
CHOL/HDL 7.0
LDL/HDL 3.66
Triglycerides 251
I was sick the day of the test, however, I have had high triglycerides in the past. I'm not sure about past
HDL counts. Do these levels put me at increased heart disease risk? What changes in diet, exercise,
etc. can help?
I am a 53 year old woman who is in very good health. In July I experienced some type of "visual
disturbance" in my left eye which was similar to someone pulling a black window shade half way
closed. Fearing that I was having a TIA or some sort of stroke, my husband took me to the hospital
emergency room. I was kept for 24 hours, and had every type of test run you can imagine. CT scan,
blood tests, imaging of carotid arteries and aorta, scan of my heart. Everything. Everything was normal,
and I am fine. However, my Doctor decided he wanted to test my cholesterol at his office after I was
released from the hospital. He said it was too high, and wanted to put me on Zocor. My Lipid Profile
from the hospital was as follows: Triglyceride 91 (20-160), Cholesterol 245 (0-199), HDL 102
(34-88), LDL 125 (0-129), Do you think that would call for Zocor? I got a second opinion. The
second Doctor said my cholesterol was fine. I'm a little confused!
i am concerned re my husband, who is a couch potato, over-weight and has elevated total chlorestrol
levels with(284)low hdls( under 40) who at one time was on lipitor and taken off it because his total
chloresterol level went to 170. he was off this med for 2 years and recently has tried it again for his
levels obviously were up again after he stopped the med.i am wondering how low is too low total
chloresterol? he really needs the lipid lowering drug as he refuses to exercise and watch his diet. prior
to begining the lipitor for the second time, he had slighty elevated liver enzymes which were not present
when he was taking the lipitor previously.(he does not drink)he also has elevated triglycerides at 300,
though he is not technically a diabetic( but i think well on his way) as his fasting blood sugar was under
140. many thanks for all your information. i would not think of using this as medical advice. i am
merely asking for further information.
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Can you tell me a little about Total Cholesterol level being lower than the reference range of 100 mg/dl
? Any side effects of having Total Cholesterol lower than 100 mg/dl? Are there any conditions or
effects associated by having Total Cholesterol lower than 100? LDL, HDL, TG, VLDL, etc. levels are
within the reference ranges.
The instructions for taking a cholesterol blood test allows me to take my regular morning medications
except for diabetic medication. Why? Does this also mean Insulin?
Since mono- and poly-unsaturated fats are also triglycerides, why are they recommended to replace
saturated fats in the diet to reduce triglycerides? Does the test distinguish all the different kinds of
glycerides? What is actually being measured?
I recently had blood work done and everything is within "normal" range except my cholesterol,total is:
306. ldl is 221 hdl is 73. triglycerides 73. the ratio/ chol/hdl is 4.18 I thought if my ratio of ldl/hdl was
good I should be ok. What am I missing?
Blood Gases
 What is the recommended concentraion in u/ml of lithium heparin for blood gas testing?
 My 13 month baby girl has stopped gaining weight. She has been tested for a variety of things and it
turns out her carbon dioxide level is 15, what does this mean? How can it be effecting her lack of
weight gain?
 In a sample with leucocytosis ( > 280.000/uL ), when we perform a blood gases test, we found low pO2,
high pCO2 and low O2 saturation, which is incompatible with clinical state of patient. What is the
explanation?
Protein
 I have recently applied for health insurance and was turned down because of high blood pressure and
one of the test results being high the test was ALB/GLO ratio. The ins. co. indicated on their form that
normal was between 1.0 and 2.1, mine was 2.2. My question is what is the test and is my reading
something to be concerned about?
 In my SPEP, there is that small peak on the fast side of the beta curve. Does this denote Ig A? Are there
conditions that can cause molecules to go to the right on the SPEP? If so, what kind of molecules would
go to the right? Are they normally measured?
 I had a serum electrophoresis test. The IgG was 1560 mg/dL. The M-Spike was 0.3g/dL. The test
report said that I had a small IgG kappa monoclonal gammopathy. My question is how does the MSpike relate to the IgG value? For example, is the M-Spike (0.3g/dL) included in the IgG value of 1560
mg/dL? If so would one intrepret the results to be that I had 1260 mg/dL of "good" IgG and 300 mg/dL
of cancerous cells? Any light you could shed on this would be appreciated.
 I HAVE BEEN IN A SMOLDERING STATE OF MULTILE MYELOMA FOR 2 YEARS BUT
RECENTLY MY BLOOD TESTS HAVE SHOWN A RISE WHEREBY WE ARE CONSIDERING
TREATMENT...FROM THE FOLLOWING LAB RESULTS WOULD YOU CONSIDER STARTING
TREATMENT OR CONTINUE TO TAKE A WAIT AND SEE STANCE???
beta 2 macroglobulin 3.6 gamma immunoglulin a 855 viscosity 2.7 hemoglobin 10.0
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I was dx w/multiple myeloma IgG Kappa 12/99 and have copies of my total CBC results also showing
IgG, IgA, IgM. I am trying to find out how the monoclonol protein, (M protein Spike, M-protein) is
shown on the report. Mine per my doctors reports has been 3.4 gm (12/99) and at present my IgG=2280
mg, IgA=11 mg, IgM=20 mg. M-protein=2.28 g. I never can find the M-protein on the CBC report
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listed. The IgG report takes longer but doesn't show M-protein spelled out. I am sure it is listed but is it
calculated from the other information shown.
White female, age 80 recently diagnosed with non-secretory multiple myeloma.(mother) Bone lesions
found in both arms, back, sternum and ribs. Beta 2 microglobolin test results of 5.9 Just finished first
dose of chemo, melphalan and prednizone, blood tests came back
good, and her chemo dosage will
be raised next month. My question is on the Beta 2 mircroglobolin test. I was told by her dr. that the
norm is under 1.8. With her results of 5.9 and knowing there is a lot of cancer throughout, although
organs are fine, she is faced
with surgery for her left humorous bone(right arm done a month ago
already). We are concerned if it is necessary if the cancer is everywhere. She is still having a very hard
time healing from her right humorous being done. Is the 5.9 very high? How high does the test go
with someone who is very terminal? The Drs. say it should be done for quality of life. Right now all
she does is sit, and sleep. She has become so weak and tired, we hate to see her go through this surgery
if her time is short. Any opinion will be appreciated. The information you asked for is as follows:
Total protein 7.1 with their guidlines for normal being 5.9-8.4 g/dl, Albumin: 4.9, their normal: 3.2-5.2
g/dl Globulin (calc.) 2.2, their normal 2.0-3.5 g/dl.
I need information on procedures used in the laboratory to diagnose IgG Multiple Myeloma
What is the significance of a blood test showing "Ig G Lambda monoclonal protein"? I have already
been told it presents the possibility of myeloma, but nothing more. Is there more to know? I am a 68
year old female in good health. Was told two years ago I had
severe osteopenia, and since that time
have done all that was recommended to prevent it progressing to full-blown osteoporosis. A Dexa scan
two months ago showed much bone loss in the spine as well as less severe changes elsewhere. Pure
accident that blood test was run to reveal the paraprotein. Haven't suffered any pain or fractures to date.
I HAVE BEEN HAVING A LOT OF LAB WORK DONE. I HAD A PROTEIN
ELECTROPHORESIS. THE REMARK ON THE LAB REPORT WAS "A FAINT ABNORMAL
PROTEIN BAND IS DETECTED IN THE GAMMA GLOBULINS AND MAY REPRESENT A
MONOCLONAL IMMUNOGLOBULIN OR LIGHT CHAIN." THE ABNORMAL PROTEIN BAND
RESULTS SAID 0.1 H THE FIRST TIME THE TEST WAS DONE. THE SECOND TIME IT WAS
01. H. THE DR. TOLD ME HE HAD NO IDEA WHAT THAT MEANT AND LEFT IT LIKE THAT.
I AM CONCERNED SINCE I'VE HAD OTHER ABNORMAL LABS AND GROSS HEMATURIA.
I ALSO HAD AN ANC WHICH WAS 11.3 H. COULD YOU
PLEASE TELL ME WHAT THAT
IS AND WHAT A HIGH RESULT COULD SUSPECT? SOME OTHER CBC'S WERE
SLIGHTLY ABNORMAL ALSO.
Can you please explain about beta 2 microglobulin and what it measures in relation to multiple
myeloma,also about bence jones protein
What is a gammopathy? Is a polyclonal, as contrasted with a monoclonal gammopathy, a possible
indicator of an abnormal cell development? What are Kappa and Lambda chains?
I have Multiple Myeloma My IGA, Serum is low @ 71, My IGG is high @ 6950 Is this excessively
high? My IGM is w/in range @ 49 My total Protein dropped this month.
09-22-00 9.2
03-19-01 10.0
04-03-01 10.7
05-07-01 12.3
06-01-01 10.6
Im left in the dark as to what all this means. When I ask my doctor he says he's not sure. "
Test-what shows mgus? What testshows high Img. What is significance of Img of380 when 12 was
normal? mgus was seen in dec., hi Igm in feb. and again in may.Possible waldenstroms? [About my
IgM antibodys being high for the past 4 months.] I mentioned that mgus was found in december, IgM in
Feb. and May. mgus is: monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined origin. 20% of these people will
eventually have myeloma. So those with mgus should be checked again in 3 months and then every 6
mos. to be sure it hasn't converted to myeloma. The waldenstrom site mentioned mgus and IgM being
part of waldenstrom macroglobulinemia. how is the 24 hour urine protein test result done and what
method are used by different labrotories?
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SPEP Test - abnormal stray blip on Graph, what does it mean. It is a small blip that did not get pulled to
the left. It stands alone to the right of the gamma ((Some negatively charged molecule got pulled to
the right??)
My results are:
albumin -slight relative and absolute decrease 3.75 (3.97 - 5.34) 51.4%
alpha 1
.37 (.11 - .32) 5.0% (56.4-71.6)
alpha 2
1.13 (.53 - 1.12)15.5% (1.89 - 4.50)
beta
.99 (.42 - .87)13.5% (6.15 - 11.5)
gamma
l.07 (.53 - 1.37)14.7% (7.8 - 18.2)
ESR is not elevated, its 18 (0-20), Ferritin 13 (10-291), Iron 60 (40-150), Iron
binding 432 (240-400).
Five Years ago, results from same lab:
Albumin
4.08 gm/dl
3.50-5.50
Alpha 1
0.26
0.10-0.30
Alpha 2
0.70
0.20-1.10
Beta
1.22
0.50-1.20
Gamma
0.84
0.50-1.50
Serum Immunoglobulins
Ig A
357 mg/dl
70-312
Ig G
1200
600-1700
Ig M 125
56-352
I look forward to hearing from you!
I had a couple other questions. Can multiple myeloma present the same type of pattern? Follow up
testing, any idea of the amount of time that should relapse before testing again?
what does it mean when your Albumin is low, globulin is high & AG Ratio is low????
Electrolytes
 What method do labs use to measure electrolytes? Is it emission spectra? How does this work? Is it
cost effective?
 What is the normal range of a potassium test?
 I am a Pharm.D. candidate, and I am currently doing some research for a doctor. He has just moved into
the community and has noted that many of his patients' labs are coming back with hyperkalemia. He is
wondering if this could be a lab technique problem or a draw problem. I have found articles discussing
several things which may cause pseudohyperkalemia. One thing that has been mentioned is that delayed
analysis of samples may cause pseudohyperkalemia. How long must an analysis be delayed from the
time the sample was drawn to affect lab results? Any documentation you may have on this would be
GREATLY appreciated.
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I had foot cramps and read that calcium/magnesium levels affect cramps, however it's important to
digest the calcium/mag. So I asked my dr for a blood test and he took "electrolyte levels" and said yes,
that's calcium. Now I'm reading on your site that neither calc/mag were measured. Maybe there was a
misunderstanding? Is there a calcium/magnesium test? I've had the cramps for many years, btw.
You've helped me on several occassions in the past so I'm hoping you can do it one more time. On my
most recent lab results from a blood test, the "ionized calcium" was listed as 5.48mg/dL. The reference
range was 4.44-5.24mg/dL. So my ionized calcium was slightly above the normal range. My question
is what is ionized calcium and what is it that is being measured? If ionized calcium is elevated, what is
that a sign of? I asked my doctor and I got a long winded non-response. I left the office without the
slightest idea of what it is or what it indicates.
I started taking COq10,30 mgs twice a day. It has added potassium 28mg magnesium11mg and
potassium magnesium Aspparte 250mg. I had my blood labs done and my doctor told me my Potassium
level is 5.3. I told him I add this nutrient to my program and he told me to stop taking it due to the extra
Potassuim. Could this raise my Potassium and what else would raise it and is the level dangerous and
what systems should I watch for.
Would the use of tegretol over 20 plus years contribute to low sodium? Is low sodium a sign of kidney
disease and how concerned should I be. I have been very fatigued lately and my dr. says that my sodium
level is slightly low and has been decreasing over the years.
I had a complete metabolic panel done along with a lipid panel.My potassium came back at 5.8mmol/L.
I take 150 mg of Toprol every day along with triamterine and 600mg of Advil. Is it possible that those
drugs are elevating the potassium level? I am also curious about the lipids results. Total cholesterol of
191 with HDL/37 VLDL/68 LDL/85 and triglycerides of 343. This was a non-fasting test with a hefty
McDonalds lunch 6 hours before testing.
I read about low potassium but could find nothing about high.My last test was 5.9 and have been
drinking lots of water and will have another test in 3 weeks. What is a dangerous reading and what does
a high do to the body.
Have type-2 diabetes. Recent bloodwork had 5.6 potassium and doc put me on 3 weeks of lasix 40MG.
Take pravachol for last 2 years, and using diet/exercise only for diabetes. 6.0 A1C on same test as
potassium last week. What could be causing high potassium? And how bad is a 5.6 reading?
BUN/Creatinine/Uric Acid/Ammonia
 Is a BUN test result of 9 a cause for concern. I am 60 years old.
 My husband's BUN was 33 mg/dL. Normal PSA, all other profiles were normal. Blood pressure has
been boarder line high. Currently on Toporal + Tambacor + Coumadin. What should be the next
course of action? Forgot to tell you he had fasted and exercised (brisk walk about 2 miles) prior to
having his blood drawn --- minimal fluids. Would that effect results?
 Urea?? gives some idea of the Functionality of the Liver or Kidneys?? Which one or both??
 I AM A 53 YEAR OLD FEMALE, I HAVE BEEN TREATED FOR HYPERTENSION FOR 15
YEARS. MY BLOOD PRESSURE IS CONTROLLED WITH MEDICATION OF WHICH I TAKE 5.
1 DAILY OF CARDIZEM CD 300MG LOPRESSOR 50 MG HYTRIN 10MG MOMOPRIL 40MG
AND AVAILIDE 150-12.5MG. I HAVE BLOOD WORK DONE TWICE A YEAR,DURING MY
OFFICE VISITS. MY QUESTION IS ,MY BUN WENT FRON 17 IN MARCH TO 29 IN AUGUST IS
THIS A CAUSE FOR CONCERN. MY DR SAID MY RESULTS WERE OK.
 Urea Nitrogen testes at 7L - what does this mean? % saturation (listed on sheet after TIBC)tested at
10.6 L. Is this significant? Cholesterol, total tested at 203. Can you explain what these results mean? I
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have taken more information off of my blood test form. Here are the actual figures given on this blood
test: Urea Nitrogen 7mg/dl, Saturation 10.6%, Iron 30 Mcg/dl, TIBC 284 Mcg/dl, Glucose 77 Mg/dl
Can you tell me anything from these readings?
What test are expected to be done to test kidney funtion? Please respond as soon as possible and what
are the purposes of each of these tests
I am concerned because my CREAT went from 1.3 to 1.5 in a matter of two weeks. My doctor says I
have to go to a kidney specialist if it goes up. IAt the time it was 1.3 they put me on HCTZ for high
blood pressure and I am also taking Depakote, Luvox, and Klonipin. I was also on the Herbalife diet
which my doctor took me off of. I am trying to guage the likelihood that this increase is kidney related
or medicinal. I am a 36 year old female.
My creatine level is at 2.0 - I have been experiencing extreme pain in feet, upper legs, upper arms,
headache for two weeks, plus itching sensation over entire body, and some lymph node itchiness.
Diagnosed with CRF in 1990 and under a nephrologist treatment for 10 years. Would this indicate a
worsening of CRF or is this normal sympthoms for CRF and high creatine.
I recently had a blood chemistry test performed showing an elevated BUN at 26.The hi-normal range is
25.This was not a fasting sample.The creatinine was 1.4(upper limit of normal),bun/creatinine ratio was
19 within normal limits.Sodium,potassium,albumin were normal levels. the CO2 was 20 (low
normal).Urinalysis was completely normal.I do take zantac on occasion,baby aspirin daily, and lipitor
20mg daily. My blood pressure was normal.Should I be concerned? I am 52 years of age,non
smoker,non alchoholic in very good health.
I had ablood panel done at a hospital health screening in april of this year and I do every year there,but
this year my urea nitrogen was high the range given was 8-26 and mune was 31 and indicated with a
high mark. I am 57 years old and was cocerned. thank you for this site and much needed infomation. p.s
the rest of chem screen was ok.
I am a 40 year old white female with a history of severe heartburn and GERD, I am not over weight and
have stayed the same size for several years. I recently was treated for ear and sinus infections. I also
participated in a personal wellness program which involved a blood draw, it all came back o.k. except
my White blood count was elevated to 13.90, and my ABS Neut CT was 10.10, and BUN/CREA was
11.4. The only other symptoms I have had are the heartburn, and some occasional dizzy spells and some
days my legs ache. My health care provider recently scheduled me for an ultra sound to check my
gallbladder etc. My question is, could these results be interpreted as gallbladder problems?
I have liver disease, Amonia levels they tell me are high. What is the normal reading for the amonia
level.
This is a general question regarding blood ammonia. Is there a difference between venous and arterial
sample reference ranges? Also, where can I find info on correlation of ammonia values and the AKBR?
Any help would be greatly appreciated!
what is a TIBC.and what does it test for?
My Ferritin was high (225) the normal range indicated is (10-154). All the other results in the iron
binding group and hemogram panel were within normal range. My dr. said don't be concerned but what
does this high reading mean?
I am a 19 year old female. Went for my checkup and the doctor checked my ferritin level. It came back
20 - lab limits were 10-190. She said my ferritin was low and put me on ferrous fumarate 300 mg - one a
day for a month. My hemoglobin at that time was 125 - lab limits 115-155. My hemoglobin had dropped
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from 142 a year ago. I took the iron pills for a month and my ferritin is now 30 and my hemoglobin is
133. She wants me on iron for another month to get my ferritin up to 40 and then take me off it.I asked
my doctor for serum iron, serum iron binding capacity, and total iron absorption studies tests and she
told me these tests were no longer used and they were outdated. I asked her why I would be iron
deficient and she said, diet, heavy periods and I told her my diet was fine, hadn't changed, and my
periods haven't changed in 5 years. She had no answers. If my ferritin goes up to 40 and I come off the
iron pills, will it just stay there or will my ferritin fall
again. I guess I want to know why I was on my
way to becoming anemic all of a sudden ? I am in Canada that's why the lab results are different than the
U.S.
I recently had a laproscopic hysterectomy, because I had fibroid along with pain while sleeping. I had
the surgery about two months ago and am still experiencing pain when i sleep on my stomach. I am on
ERT as my uterus and ovaries were removed I am 43 years old. I went to the doctor today and she did a
pelvic exam without any discomfort. The doctor suggeted that it is most likely adhesion pain from
previous c-sections (16 years ago). I told her that I was also extremely tired, and she mentioned that my
iron level was a 11. in July (this was never mentioned to me previously),then suggested that I take iron
supplemments. About 10 years ago a doctor told me I had pernacious anemia, how do they check for
that? To make matters worse worse i was diagnosed wity MS 10 years ago. However,you would never
know by looking at me. I have daily injections of copaxone. What is the normal range for iron and is it
possible that I still have perncious anemia?
i have been anemic for over 1 year-my lowest iron level was 10.9 and is staying there even with taking
3-4 iron pills a day. my heomcrit is 34, ferritin is 7-the dr calls and just keeps telling me to take more
iron pills-well, it's been a year and the iron is making my stomach
become upset and having trouble
with going to bathroom-i have read that anemia is a sympton of something else-my dr just doesn't seem
to want to give me an answer-i am 44 years old and need an answer-i am also very tired. i do excersise
and am active at work but tiredness is getting worse. do you have any suggestions?
Tumor Markers
 My new question concerns a CEA Test...is this a bloodwork test? Why would this test be done? Would
it have any reference to cancer? I cannot find anything on it on the web.
 I am a medical translator and would like to have a list / some information on what are normal
levels/ranges for tumor markers, particularly CEA.
 I have a sister with mestatic colon cancer. The tumor was removed from the colon and she has had a
infusion pump placed with FU5. Her CEA levels originally for the first colon surgery were 2635. Five
weeks later she had the infusion pump put in. At that time
the level was 3200. She has had the pump
in for two weeks and her level is at 4000. It is logical for the levels to still rise at two weeks after the
infusion pump. She will begin systemic chemo next week. When should you see a decrease in the level
to know if it working.
 What do you think is the best Lab tests to do to a patient having a CEA higher than normal even for a
smoker . She dosen't smoke and has no helht problems than a recent mamary surgery with a benigne
condition on the pathology result. CA 125 normal and CA 19.9 normal too.
 I had same blood tests done a week ago, and I would like to know the meaning of 2 of them : COMP
MET PANEL and CA2729. I go once a year for a check up with my oncologist, because I had a
mastectomy 11 years ago, so he keeps checking on me. Previously I used to have a test CA125, but now
he changed to these new 2 tests. Also I had CEA, which meaning I found in your information on the
web.
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My mother was recently operated on for colon cancer (she is 79). The doctors were very optimistic
about the fact that they removed the cancerous portion of her colon and there was no evidence that the
cancer had spread. She then went to an oncologist who did a CEA test. When she was called about the
results, she was told that her CEA level was 3.9 and that the doctor would like to run the test again in
three months. My mother was told that "normal" was 3.0. She is convinced she still has cancer and
refuses to go back as she has already made the decison not to seek cancer treatment. She could be
convinced with facts but I can find nothing on this site that tells me about CEA levels and what is
"normal". I also don't know what 3.9 means on a relative scale. I understand that the "normal" number
varies with labs, but there should be some "thumbnail" rules some where. At what level is treatment
recommended?
I am confused about the results of my CEA test. I have just finished chemotherapy for breast cancer. Six
yrs. ago I had bc and surgery and CEA was always in the 2-3 range. Last yr. I had another bc, and my
CEA was a little higher (3.3). Then during tx it dropped down again, and now it went to 3.5. My dr. just
did a re-test and it went down from 3.5 to 3.4. What confuses me is he said he sent a second sample to
Smith Kline Beecham and their standard for high is 2.5 and my reading was 1.6. Why would their
standard be a different number, and why would one test show me as normal where another would not? I
couldn't quite understand my dr's explanation. My CA27-29 was well as all other tumor markers were in
the normal range.
I was treated for ovarian cancer 4 years ago. I have been followed up every four months with a C-125.
The results jump all over the place 18-12-now it is 26. Is this normal. What is the normal range? Should
I be concerned?
Why is CA-125 not advised as a routine screening test, similar to the PSA for men?
I had breast cancer four years ago and each year I get a tumor marker. It seems like it must only be to
check out for ovarian cancer, from what I've read here -- since the other diseases are unrelated to breast
cancer. Does breast cancer sometimes lead to ovarian cancer? Also, my score was 20, and I'm told that
is a good result. My question: Would a woman who never had cancer have a result of zero (0)?
what would an alpha fetal protein test indicate in a person with liver disease
C-Reactive Protein
 I am currently trying to bring up the high-sensitive CRP assay in my hospital lab and would like any
information you have on reporting a range for cardiac risk assessment along with this test.
 What is the normal reference range for the hs-CRP test?
 well, i am a doctor from india, and over here test like hs-CRP have not become familiar......i just read
few details about this new and promising test.....but what i was interested in that the values, or rather the
ranges were not given in that information.......so, its my sincere request to u to send me those values for
hs-CRP and if possible some more information regarding that topic......asking for your kind
cooperation...
 I have had some lab test done.. my C-REACTIVE PROTEIN was 3.53 which they said was high.. what
would the indicate. and also my RHEUMATOID FACTOR was a 7. is this normal. My ANTISTREPTOLYSIN O was 10 is this normal?
 I have a question about c reactive protein. When the nurse called me about it, she said it was within the
normal range .0-.8, mine was .4, but, they had listed the test as abnormal. She said it stated abnormal
applies to non numeric results? They did one on me last
month and it was less than .1. Do you have
any idea what they mean with that statement? The nurse said the statement was contradictory to the
normal numerical results????
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I have been searching the web to get info on recent blood work I had done. Its hard to understand the
results. The Dr. said that even though a few numbers were in the high range, I am okay because other
values are so good. The particulars I am wondering about are: RBC 5.19, HGB 15.9, HCT 47.1 (these
were on the highside of the range given). Also the cholesterol read 221(normal is 140-200) but the
triglycerides read 88, the HDL was 55 and the LDL was 148.4. My risk ratio said 4.0(low). The only
other reading not in the normal range was AST 14(which was on the low side). Can you enlighten me on
the meaning of these numbers and findings????
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I am a 34 year old white female, and under tremendous stress, I tend to dehydrate alot and suffered from
constipation, bowel obstruction, ecoli leakage causing kidney and pelvic infections, I recently had a
blood test done because of a stomach ulcer problem, I noticed that this test indicated that I have a low
MPV count 8.4 a high wbc 10.7 and a low creat. 0.5 I was curious as to what the MPV would indicate
and the creat. would indicate. As searching the web I noticed various ratings for what is a normal range.
Could you please tell me what these mean.
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I have a question regarding serum acetone results. Our lab offers a qualitative and quantitative serum
acetone. The protocol is: If the qualitative test is positive, a quantitative test must be done. A twofold
serum dilution is performe and each dilution is tested for acetone (using ACETEST tablets). The highest
dilution to test positive is reported (1:8). I need to know if this is the correct way to interpret results? I
also need to know, if a dilution is the same as a titer?
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I recently had some lab tests done on a routine basis for a study I was going to be in. They came back
abnormal, my Triglcerides were 493, Platelets 414, Lymphocites 57, Neutrophils 37, WBC 11.64, SGPT
66, LDH 295 Cholesterol 185 (normal), . I am 32 years old and seeminly good health. I have recently
seen a doctor regarding bleeding/spotting vaginally. I dont think there is any correlation, but are these
lab results that abnormal and what type of doctor should I see? Are these lab results indicitive of
anything?I was fasting for 12 hours at the time of these tests. Any information would be appreciative.
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I am taking Fosamax and the DR. did the following Blood Test:
Range
Calcium
9.3
9.4 - 10.1 mg/dL
ALK PHOS 51
50 - 150 IU/L
AST (SGOT) 13L
15 - 37 U/L
ALT (SGPT) 33
25 - 65 U/L
Could you explain what the numbers mean and their relationship to my medication Fosamax.
I am a 55 year old male who was very healthy at my last physical 5 months ago, except for slightly
elevated blood pressure. I then began taking 5mg of zestril /day for 48 days. After complaining of
fatigue, my blood was tested. I stopped taking the medication because my creatinin had gone from 1.2
to 4.1 & won't come down. Also, my BUN had gone from 27 to 49, my sed rate was up to 47 My
WBC was 5.6, RBC 3.15, calcium 9.8, H&H 10.0
& 28.7. All Protein Electrophoresis readings in
normal range except .3 gamma globulin. Immunofixation - IgG 399, IgA normal, IgM 10. LgA
(lambda) monoclonal protein present & free light-chain lambda (BJP) monoclonal protein present w/
associated decreases of other immunoglobulins. My only symptom now is a little fatigue after
physical activity. I am scheduled for a bone marrow exam to check for multiple myeloma.
However, all of my problems started after taking zestril & I am wondering if the zestril damaged my
kidney function, or if I may indeed have MM as my nefrologist strongly suspects.
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male oriental, 49 years old. I had general check up about a month ago and I have questions regarding
some part of my lab results.
In the Urine Chemistry section I have:
Micro Albumin 1.74 mg/dl
Urine Creatinin 13.9 mmol/L
Urine Protein 0.13 g/L
the urine was collected on the spot method not by using 24-hr collection method
In the report said that my urine protein is over the normal limit. My questions is that what are the causes
of protein in the urine. What is the effect to my kidneys? In the past 3 years, sometimes I have swelling
on the feet and hands. is this related to the kidneys ? What should I do in this situation ? Is there
anything I should avoid in term of diet and exercise?
The lab test did not provide any information about Urine Creatinin to me. So, is the result of my urine
creatinin in normal range ? What is the meaning to my health ? Further more,in Special Haematology
section, I have:
ESR 11 mm/hr.
I also understand that I have ESR that is over normal range. In this case, what is my ESR result mean ?
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Possible monoclonal gammopathy of unspecified signif.?: all test normal except: eosinophilia,
hypouricemia, SPEP showed elevated IgM 358 mg/dl vs ULN 267. IgG
midrange at 1230 and IgA
normal. Serum viscosity midrange, sedimentation rate normal. Phospholipds and cholesterol high. Notenasal polyps could account for eosinophilia.
Polypectomy performed after test results. Urinalysis
good, ph 5.5. 24 hr. collection of urine showed negative for monoclonal immunoglobulin. PSA 1.9....I
am 78 years old in
good health and exercise regularly, but have frequent outbreaks of fungus, also
psoriasis controlled by Dovenex and cortisones.
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I was told about 13 years ago that I had an IgM factor in my blood and also a double monoclonal peak in
my blood. Can you explain to me exactly what this means. I have recently discovered that my blood
platelets were extremely elevated (1.3 million) and do not know how long this has been happening as I
looked back on records for 10 years ago and could not find where a CBC had been done on any of my
annual checkups. At the time the IgM factor was discovered they suspected Multiple Myloma but this
was dismissed after a bm biopsy and dismissed with the diagnosis that it was a phenomen. I suppose
since then they have learned a lot but I am still in the dark as to what the Igm factor represents although
I do know it presents itself in all the MPD diseases - or was told that . Any answers would be greatly
appreciated.
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What does a high results for uric acid 7.3 and a high of 183 for alk phos indicate? What is urea
nitrogen? Age 57 Fe
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I am a 40 year old female Native American decend. I have had 4 stents in my heart, high blood
pressure, diabetic, high colestrol, 1 heart attack. My question is I have weighted the same thing for 3
years now I can not loose weight, I have tried everything I know to do, it seems the more I exercise the
more I weigh.The doctor has checked my thyroids and they are find. What can be causing this? Also
what would keep my triglycerides high? right now they are over 400. My cholostrol is over 300. and
blood sugar Hemiglobal A 1 C is over 300 also. I do everything the doctor has told me to do and I get
worse not better please help me.
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I am responding to your reply to my questions. Here are the results that I received from my first visit
to an endocrinologist. I needed a basic check-up/blood work, but I started feeling very nauseous and
extremely dizzy, ready to pass out. I had blood drawn the next day. I am only taking birth control
pills (Desogen) and nothing else. I am feeling alright now.
CBC:
My results
Normal Range
FREE T4: (L)0.6
0.71-1.85 ng/dL
TSH:
1.43
mcU/mL
URINE:
1. COLOR
YELLOW
YEL
2. CLARITY
CLOUDY
CLEAR
3. UR SPEC GRAVITY 1.027
1.003-1.030
4. UR WBC ESTERASE SMALL
NEG
5. URINE NITRATE NEGATIVE
NEG
6. URINE PH
6.5
5.0-6.5
7. URINE PROTEIN NEGATIVE
NEG mg/dL
8. URINE KETONES NEGATIVE
NEG mg/dL
9. URINE GLUCOSE NEGATIVE
NEG mg/dL
10. URINE BLOOD
NEGATIVE
NEG
11. UR BILIRUBIN NEGATIVE
NEG
12. UR BILINOGEN 0.2
0.0-1.0 mg/dL
13. URINE RBC
0-5
0-2 /HPF
14. URINE WBC
5-10
0-5 /HPF
15. URINE BACTERIA (*)2+
NS /HPF
16. URINE EPITHELIAL (*)2+
NS /LPF
17. MUCOUS THREADS (*)1+
NS /HPF
COMP MET PANEL:
1. TOTAL PROTEIN 6.7
6.0-8.0 gm/dL
2. ALBUMIN
4.3
3.0-5.5 gm/dL
3. CALCIUM
8.9
8.5-10.5 mg/dL
4. GLUCOSE
77
70-109 MG/DL
LIPID PROFILE:
1. CHOLESTEROL (H)211
<200 mg/dL
2. TRIG
110
10-190 mg/dL
3. HDL
(H) 81
35-74 mg/dL
4. LDL-CALC.
108
50-130 mg/dL
I hope this helps. Again I am not asking or looking for a diagnosis, just an explanation as to why these
levels may be high or low.
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Other than a persistently low HDL level (avg 49), my blood panels consistently show low creatinine,
one or two points below the reference range, and high carbon dioxide, one or two points above the
reference range. Are either of these measures a cause for further
investigation? I might mention that,
1) my BUN/creatinine is 19, range 12-20. 2) I have a very slow heart rate, avg. 52. 3) I walk daily, 2-3
miles @ 3-4 MPH. 4) I am 65 years old.
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how would interpret the following lab results. I am a 59 year old male. 5'9" tall / 225 pounds. thank
you
FASTING LIPID PANEL
GLUCOSE 103, LOW-DENSITY LIPOTROTEIN 169, TRIGLYCERIDES
293, T.CHOL/HDL
RATIO (CALC) 7.6, TOTAL CHOLESTEROL 244, HDL 31.9
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What causes high urea and high calcium in the chemistry and urinalysis. Also what causes platlets to be
high and red blood cells to be low when the bone marrow and Xrays on the upper and lower intestines
plus the tube down the throat are all negative. Are there any other tests we should be doing such as
folic acid tests?My husband is on iron pills at the present time as they don't seem to know what is
causing his symptons. I would appreciate any help you can suggest.
My BUN result was low a 6 range given 7-18, my Alkaline Phosphatase was high a 141 range 50-136,
my Albumin was low a3.30 range 3.40-5.00, my Albumin/Globulin was low a 0.7 range1.0-2.5, under
CBC my RDW was high 16.7 range 9.8-15.5.Arthritis Panel (CCH) Erythrocyte sed rate 66 range 020.Rheumatoid factor negative, ANA sent out and one more listed under this was Uric Acid 3.1 range
2.6-7.2. also done was a ANA with pattern Antinuclear Antibody Negative. At one time I was told I had
Reiters Disease, I also was in a chemical poisoning back in 1982 this was Pentachlorophenol (PCP) My
hands came into contact with the crystals on top of ammunition boxes. My hands broke out in blisters
which itched really bad. They disappeared about a week or so later.Then a month later came out on
bottom of my feet. It's been eighteen yrs and now I broke out with blister again on arms & legs. I'm
white, and 45 yrs old.Do my results show any damage to main organs or bone related disease such as the
Reiters syndrome?
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I've seen studies that show a relationship between hematocrit and Serum Creatinine, implying that as
hematocrit falls, kidney function may be deteriorating as well. [not a surprise, really!] But I also know
that SCr isn't the best indicator of kidney function, and that some physicians are pushing to have
hemoglobin information rather than hematocrit information. Are there any studies you folks know of
that match changes in Hb with more direct measures of glomular filtration rate, or with the results of
formula meant to better estimate renal function, like the Cockroft-Gault formula?
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Test panel ordered as part of wellness testing: CMP, LIPID, TSH. In the last column under LIPID test it
reads: OSMO CALC. What does this stand for? What does this number mean? The range given is
275-295.
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I haave a cholesterol count of 5.1 (Canadian numbers) a hemoglobin count of 138 and white count of
11,6000. I am a fifty year old female, post-menopoausal, with a dx of essential thrombocythemia platelets are 1, 056,000. Can you tell me about the "normal" range of hemoglobin and white blood and
if my cholesterol is good or bad or in-between, please?