Leptin and incident CHF, CVD and mortality
Online-Only Appendix
Plasma leptin levels and incidence of heart failure, cardiovascular disease and
total mortality in the elderly
Wolfgang Lieb, MD1; Lisa M. Sullivan, PhD2; Tamara B. Harris, MD3; Ronenn Roubenoff, MD,
MHS4; Emelia J. Benjamin, MD, ScM1,2,5; Daniel Levy, MD1,6; Caroline S. Fox, MD, MPH1,6,7;
Thomas J. Wang, MD, MPH1,8; Peter W. Wilson, MD9; William B. Kannel, MD, MPH1;
Ramachandran S. Vasan, MD1,5
1
Framingham Heart Study, 73 Mount Wayte Ave, Framingham, MA;
Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston,
MA;
3Intramural Research Program, Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National
Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD;
4Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA;
5Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Preventive Medicine and Cardiology Sections, Boston University
School of Medicine, Boston, MA;
6The Center for Population Studies of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD;
7Endocrinology Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;
8Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, MA;
9Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
2
This work was supported by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart
Study (Contract No. N01-HC-25195), and 2K24HL04334 (RSV)
Leptin and incident CHF, CVD and mortality
Figure A1
A1a. Cumulative incidence of CHF stratified by leptin levels at or above (75events; 387
participants at risk) versus below (54 events; 388 participants at risk) the sex-specific median.
A1b. Multivariable-adjusted relations (hazards ratios) of baseline log-leptin and the incidence of
CHF on follow-up. Solid line shows the estimated relation of hazard ratios (Y axis) and log-leptin
(X axis) when time to new-onset CHF is modeled as a function of penalized regression splines
of log-leptin controlling for all other covariates. Dotted lines are 95% confidence limits of the
resulting hazard ratios.
Leptin and incident CHF, CVD and mortality
Figure A2
A2a. Cumulative incidence of cardiovascular events stratified by leptin levels at or above (106
events; 254 participants at risk) versus below (81 events; 278 participants at risk) the sexspecific median.
A2b. Multivariable-adjusted relations (hazards ratios) of baseline log-leptin and the incidence of
CVD on follow-up. Solid line shows the estimated relation of hazard ratios (Y axis) and log-leptin
(X axis) when time to new-onset CVD is modeled as a function of penalized regression splines
of log-leptin controlling for all other covariates. Dotted lines are 95% confidence limits of the
resulting hazard ratios.
Leptin and incident CHF, CVD and mortality
Figure A3
A3a. Cumulative incidence of death stratified by leptin levels at or above (192 deaths; 410
participants at risk) versus below (199 deaths; 408 participants at risk) the sex-specific median.
A3b. Multivariable-adjusted relations (hazards ratios) of baseline log-leptin and the incidence of
death on follow-up. Solid line shows the estimated relation of hazard ratios (Y axis) and logleptin (X axis) when time to death is modeled as a function of penalized regression splines of
log-leptin controlling for all other covariates. Dotted lines are 95% confidence limits of the
resulting hazard ratios.