Supplemental List 1
INCLUDED STUDIES: fulfilled the requirements.
1) Chen, L.; Song, M.-Q.; Lin, H.-Z.; Hao, L.-H.; Jiang, X.-J.; Li, Z.-Y. & Chen, Y.-X. (2013),
'Chemotherapy and resection for gastric cancer with synchronous liver metastases.', World J
Gastroenterol 19(13), 2097--2103.
2) Cheon, S. H.; Rha, S. Y.; Jeung, H.-C.; Im, C.-K.; Kim, S. H.; Kim, H. R.; Ahn, J. B.; Roh, J. K.;
Noh, S. H. & Chung, H. C. (2008), 'Survival benefit of combined curative resection of the stomach (D2
resection) and liver in gastric cancer patients with liver metastases.', Ann Oncol 19(6), 1146--1153.
3) Dittmar, Y.; Altendorf-Hofmann, A.; Rauchfuss, F.; Gцtz, M.; Scheuerlein, H.; Jandt, K. &
Settmacher, U. (2012), 'Resection of liver metastases is beneficial in patients with gastric cancer: report
on 15 cases and review of literature.', Gastric Cancer 15(2), 131--136.
4) Li, J.; Lu, M.; Li, J.; Zhang, X.; Li, Y.; Zhan, X. & Shen, L. (2013), 'The assessment of
clinicopathological features, therapy pattern and survival benefit of 162 gastric cancers with liver
metastases.', Hepatogastroenterology 60(123), 628--632.
5) Liu, J.; Li, J.-H.; Zhai, R.-J.; Wei, B.; Shao, M.-Z. & Chen, L. (2012), 'Predictive factors improving
survival after gastric and hepatic surgical treatment in gastric cancer patients with synchronous liver
metastases.', Chin Med J (Engl) 125(2), 165--171.
6) Makino, H.; Kunisaki, C.; Izumisawa, Y.; Tokuhisa, M.; Oshima, T.; Nagano, Y.; Fujii, S.; Kimura,
J.; Takagawa, R.; Kosaka, T.; Ono, H. A.; Akiyama, H.; Tanaka, K. & Endo, I. (2010), 'Indication for
hepatic resection in the treatment of liver metastasis from gastric cancer.', Anticancer Res 30(6), 2367-2376.
7) Miki, Y.; Fujitani, K.; Hirao, M.; Kurokawa, Y.; Mano, M.; Tsujie, M.; Miyamoto, A.; Nakamori, S.
& Tsujinaka, T. (2012), 'Significance of surgical treatment of liver metastases from gastric cancer.',
Anticancer Res 32(2), 665--670.
8) Tiberio, G. A. M.; Baiocchi, G. L.; Morgagni, P.; Marrelli, D.; Marchet, A.; Cipollari, C.; Graziosi,
L.; Ministrini, S.; Vittimberga, G.; Donini, A.; Nitti, D.; Roviello, F.; Coniglio, A. & de Manzoni, G.
(2014), 'Gastric Cancer and Synchronous Hepatic Metastases: Is It Possible to Recognize Candidates to
R0 Resection?', Ann Surg Oncol.
9) Tiberio, G. A. M.; Coniglio, A.; Marchet, A.; Marrelli, D.; Giacopuzzi, S.; Baiocchi, L.; Roviello, F.;
de Manzoni, G.; Nitti, D. & Giulini, S. M. (2009), 'Metachronous hepatic metastases from gastric
carcinoma: a multicentric survey.', Eur J Surg Oncol 35(5), 486--491.
10) Ueda, K.; Iwahashi, M.; Nakamori, M.; Nakamura, M.; Naka, T.; Ishida, K.; Ojima, T. & Yamaue,
H. (2009), 'Analysis of the prognostic factors and evaluation of surgical treatment for synchronous liver
metastases from gastric cancer.', Langenbecks Arch Surg 394(4), 647--653.
11) Wang, W.; Liang, H.; Zhang, H.; Wang, X.; Xue, Q. & Zhang, R. (2014), 'Prognostic significance of
radical surgical treatment for gastric cancer patients with synchronous liver metastases.', Med Oncol
31(11), 258.
EXCLUDED STUDIES: because not focused on the problem, or overlapping data.
A) because considering only local liver re-treatment of metastases recurrence
1) Takemura, N.; Saiura, A.; Koga, R.; Yoshioka, R.; Yamamoto, J. & Kokudo, N. (2013), 'Repeat
hepatectomy for recurrent liver metastasis from gastric carcinoma.', World J Surg 37(11), 2664--2670.
B) because possible overlapping data
2) Kim, H. R.; Cheon, S. H.; Lee, K.-H.; Ahn, J. R.; Jeung, H.-C.; Lee, S. S.; Chung, H. C.; Noh, S. H.
& Rha, S. Y. (2010), 'Efficacy and feasibility of radiofrequency ablation for liver metastases from
gastric adenocarcinoma.', Int J Hyperthermia 26(4), 305--315.
C) because not focused on the problem, no control group or inadequate control group
3) Ambiru, S.; Miyazaki, M.; Ito, H.; Nakagawa, K.; Shimizu, H.; Yoshidome, H.; Shimizu, Y. &
Nakajima, N. (2001), 'Benefits and limits of hepatic resection for gastric metastases.', Am J Surg
181(3), 279--283.
4) Andreou, A.; Viganт, L.; Zimmitti, G.; Seehofer, D.; Dreyer, M.; Pascher, A.; Bahra, M.; Schoening,
W.; Schmitz, V.; Thuss-Patience, P. C.; Denecke, T.; Puhl, G.; Vauthey, J.-N.; Neuhaus, P.; Capussotti,
L.; Pratschke, J. & Schmidt, S.-C. (2014), 'Response to preoperative chemotherapy predicts survival in
patients undergoing hepatectomy for liver metastases from gastric and esophageal cancer.', J
Gastrointest Surg 18(11), 1974--1986.
5) Baek, H.-U.; Kim, S. B.; Cho, E.-H.; Jin, S.-H.; Yu, H. J.; Lee, J.-I.; Bang, H.-Y. & Lim, C.-S.
(2013), 'Hepatic resection for hepatic metastases from gastric adenocarcinoma.', J Gastric Cancer
13(2), 86--92.
6) Chang, Y. R.; Han, D. S.; Kong, S.-H.; Lee, H.-J.; Kim, S. H.; Kim, W. H. & Yang, H.-K. (2012),
'The value of palliative gastrectomy in gastric cancer with distant metastasis.', Ann Surg Oncol 19(4),
1231--1239.
7) Chen, J.; Tang, Z.; Dong, X.; Gao, S.; Fang, H.; Wu, D.; Xiang, D. & Zhang, S. (2013),
'Radiofrequency ablation for liver metastasis from gastric cancer.', Eur J Surg Oncol 39(7), 701--706.
8) Dittmar, Y.; Altendorf-Hofmann, A.; Schüle, S.; Ardelt, M.; Dirsch, O.; Runnebaum, I. B. &
Settmacher, U. (2013), 'Liver resection in selected patients with metastatic breast cancer: a singlecentre analysis and review of literature.', J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 139(8), 1317--1325.
9) Fitzgerald, T. L.; Brinkley, J.; Banks, S.; Vohra, N.; Englert, Z. P. & Zervos, E. E. (2014), 'The
benefits of liver resection for non-colorectal, non-neuroendocrine liver metastases: a systematic
review.', Langenbecks Arch Surg 399(8), 989--1000.
10) Garancini, M.; Uggeri, F.; Degrate, L.; Nespoli, L.; Gianotti, L.; Nespoli, A.; Uggeri, F. & Romano,
F. (2012), 'Surgical treatment of liver metastases of gastric cancer: is local treatment in a systemic
disease worthwhile?', HPB (Oxford) 14(3), 209--215.
11) Hirai, I.; Kimura, W.; Fuse, A.; Isobe, H.; Hachiya, O.; Moriya, T.; Suto, K. & Mizutani, M. (2006),
'Surgical management for metastatic liver tumors.', Hepatogastroenterology 53(71), 757--763.
12) Hoffmann, R. T.; Jakobs, T. F.; Kubisch, C. H.; Stemmler, H. J.; Trumm, C.; Tatsch, K.;
Helmberger, T. K. & Reiser, M. F. (2010), 'Radiofrequency ablation after selective internal radiation
therapy with Yttrium90 microspheres in metastatic liver disease-Is it feasible?', Eur J Radiol 74(1),
199--205.
13) Hwang, J.-E.; Kim, S.-H.; Jin, J.; Hong, J.-Y.; Kim, M.-J.; Jung, S.-H.; Shim, H.-J.; Bae, W.-k.;
Hwang, E.-C.; Kim, J.-W.; Shin, S.-S.; Jeong, O.; Park, Y. K.; Cho, S.-H. & Chung, I.-J. (2014),
'Combination of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation and systemic chemotherapy are effective
treatment modalities for metachronous liver metastases from gastric cancer.', Clin Exp Metastasis
31(1), 25--32.
14) Imamura, H.; Matsuyama, Y.; Shimada, R.; Kubota, M.; Nakayama, A.; Kobayashi, A.; Kitamura,
H.; Ikegami, T.; Miyagawa, S. I. & Kawasaki, S. (2001), 'A study of factors influencing prognosis after
resection of hepatic metastases from colorectal and gastric carcinoma.', Am J Gastroenterol 96(11),
3178--3184.
15) Ishida, M.; Morita, S.; Saka, M.; Fukagawa, T.; Taniguchi, H. & Katai, H. (2012), 'Metachronous
liver metastasis from early gastric cancer.', J Gastrointest Surg 16(4), 837--841.
16) Kakeji, Y.; Morita, M. & Maehara, Y. (2010), 'Strategies for treating liver metastasis from gastric
cancer.', Surg Today 40(4), 287--294.
17) Kerkar, S. P.; Kemp, C. D. & Avital, I. (2010), 'Liver resections in metastatic gastric cancer.', HPB
(Oxford) 12(9), 589--596.
18) Kinoshita, T.; Kinoshita, T.; Saiura, A.; Esaki, M.; Sakamoto, H. & Yamanaka, T. (2015),
'Multicentre analysis of long-term outcome after surgical resection for gastric cancer liver metastases.',
Br J Surg 102(1), 102--107.
19) Kiyasu, Y. (2013), 'Long-term recurrence-free survival after metachronous surgery of the stomach
and liver for gastric adenocarcinoma and multiple, synchronous liver metastases: a case report and
review of literature.', Int Surg 98(3), 241--246.
20) Ko, K. J.; Shim, J. H.; Yoo, H. M.; O, S. I.; Jeon, H. M.; Park, C. H.; Jeon, D. J. & Song, K. Y.
(2012), 'The clinical value of non-curative resection followed by chemotherapy for incurable gastric
cancer.', World J Surg 36(8), 1800--1805.
21) Kodera, Y.; Fujitani, K.; Fukushima, N.; Ito, S.; Muro, K.; Ohashi, N.; Yoshikawa, T.; Kobayashi,
D.; Tanaka, C. & Fujiwara, M. (2014), 'Surgical resection of hepatic metastasis from gastric cancer: a
review and new recommendation in the Japanese gastric cancer treatment guidelines.', Gastric Cancer
17(2), 206--212.
22) Koga, R.; Yamamoto, J.; Ohyama, S.; Saiura, A.; Seki, M.; Seto, Y. & Yamaguchi, T. (2007), 'Liver
resection for metastatic gastric cancer: experience with 42 patients including eight long-term
survivors.', Jpn J Clin Oncol 37(11), 836--842.
23) Komeda, K.; Hayashi, M.; Kubo, S.; Nagano, H.; Nakai, T.; Kaibori, M.; Wada, H.; Takemura, S.;
Kinoshita, M.; Koga, C.; Matsumoto, M.; Sakaguchi, T.; Inoue, Y.; Hirokawa, F.; Kwon, A.-H. &
Uchiyama, K. (2014), 'High survival in patients operated for small isolated liver metastases from
gastric cancer: a multi-institutional study.', World J Surg 38(10), 2692--2697.
24) Li, C.; Yan, M. & Zhu, Z. G. (2012), 'Nonpalliative surgical resection for gastric cancer patients
with distant metastasis.', J Invest Surg 25(2), 100--106.
25) Liu, J. & Chen, L. (2011), 'Current status and progress in gastric cancer with liver metastasis.', Chin
Med J (Engl) 124(3), 445--456.
26) Okano, K.; Maeba, T.; Ishimura, K.; Karasawa, Y.; Goda, F.; Wakabayashi, H.; Usuki, H. & Maeta,
H. (2002), 'Hepatic resection for metastatic tumors from gastric cancer.', Ann Surg 235(1), 86--91.
27) Qiu, J.-L.; Deng, M.-G.; Li, W.; Zou, R.-H.; Li, B.-K.; Zheng, Y.; Lao, X.-M.; Zhou, K. & Yuan, Y.F. (2013), 'Hepatic resection for synchronous hepatic metastasis from gastric cancer.', Eur J Surg Oncol
39(7), 694--700.
28) Sakamoto, Y.; Ohyama, S.; Yamamoto, J.; Yamada, K.; Seki, M.; Ohta, K.-i.; Kokudo, N.;
Yamaguchi, T.; Muto, T. & Makuuchi, M. (2003), 'Surgical resection of liver metastases of gastric
cancer: an analysis of a 17-year experience with 22 patients.', Surgery 133(5), 507--511.
29) Sakamoto, Y.; Sano, T.; Shimada, K.; Esaki, M.; Saka, M.; Fukagawa, T.; Katai, H.; Kosuge, T. &
Sasako, M. (2007), 'Favorable indications for hepatectomy in patients with liver metastasis from gastric
cancer.', J Surg Oncol 95(7), 534--539.
30) Schildberg, C. W.; Croner, R.; Merkel, S.; Schellerer, V.; Müller, V.; Yedibela, S.; Hohenberger, W.;
Peros, G. & Perrakis, A. (2012), 'Outcome of operative therapy of hepatic metastatic stomach
carcinoma: a retrospective analysis.', World J Surg 36(4), 872--878.
31) Schildberg, C. W.; Weidinger, T.; Hohenberger, W.; Wein, A.; Langheinrich, M.; Neurath, M. &
Boxberger, F. (2014), 'Metastatic adenocarcinomas of the stomach or esophagogastric junction (UICC
stage IV) are not always a palliative situation: a retrospective analysis.', World J Surg 38(2), 419--425.
32) Sun, J.; Song, Y.; Wang, Z.; Chen, X.; Gao, P.; Xu, Y.; Zhou, B. & Xu, H. (2013), 'Clinical
significance of palliative gastrectomy on the survival of patients with incurable advanced gastric
cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.', BMC Cancer 13, 577.
33) Takemura, N.; Saiura, A.; Koga, R.; Arita, J.; Yoshioka, R.; Ono, Y.; Hiki, N.; Sano, T.; Yamamoto,
J.; Kokudo, N. & Yamaguchi, T. (2012), 'Long-term outcomes after surgical resection for gastric cancer
liver metastasis: an analysis of 64 macroscopically complete resections.', Langenbecks Arch Surg
397(6), 951--957.
34) Thelen, A.; Jonas, S.; Benckert, C.; Lopez-Hдnninen, E.; Neumann, U.; Rudolph, B.; Schumacher,
G. & Neuhaus, P. (2008), 'Liver resection for metastatic gastric cancer.', Eur J Surg Oncol 34(12),
1328--1334.
35) Tsujimoto, H.; Ichikura, T.; Ono, S.; Sugasawa, H.; Hiraki, S.; Sakamoto, N.; Yaguchi, Y.; Hatsuse,
K.; Yamamoto, J. & Hase, K. (2010), 'Outcomes for patients following hepatic resection of metastatic
tumors from gastric cancer.', Hepatol Int 4(1), 406--413.
36) Vogl, T. J.; Gruber-Rouh, T.; Eichler, K.; Nour-Eldin, N.-E. A.; Trojan, J.; Zangos, S. & Naguib, N.
N. N. (2013), 'Repetitive transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) of liver metastases from gastric
cancer: local control and survival results.', Eur J Radiol 82(2), 258--263.
37) Wang, Y.-N.; Shen, K.-T.; Ling, J.-Q.; Gao, X.-D.; Hou, Y.-Y.; Wang, X.-F.; Qin, J.; Sun, Y.-H. &
Qin, X.-Y. (2012), 'Prognostic analysis of combined curative resection of the stomach and liver lesions
in 30 gastric cancer patients with synchronous liver metastases.', BMC Surg 12, 20.
38) Yang, X.-w.; Li, Z.; Liu, K.; Fu, X.-h.; Yang, J.-h. & Wu, M.-c. (2012), 'Correlation between the
survival rate of the patients with synchronous hepatic metastases from gastric carcinoma after surgical
resection and patient's index.', Chin Med J (Engl) 125(5), 747--751.
39) Yun, B. L.; Lee, J. M.; Baek, J. H.; Kim, S. H.; Lee, J. Y.; Han, J. K. & Choi, B. I. (2011),
'Radiofrequency ablation for treating liver metastases from a non-colorectal origin.', Korean J Radiol
12(5), 579--587.
40) Zare, A.; Mahmoodi, M.; Mohammad, K.; Zeraati, H.; Hosseini, M. & Naieni, K. H. (2013),
'Survival analysis of patients with gastric cancer undergoing surgery at the iran cancer institute: a
method based on multi-state models.', Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 14(11), 6369—6373.
41) Harrison, L. E.; Brennan, M. F.; Newman, E.; Fortner, J. G.; Picardo, A.; Blumgart, L. H. & Fong,
Y. (1997), 'Hepatic resection for noncolorectal, nonneuroendocrine metastases: a fifteen-year
experience with ninety-six patients.', Surgery 121(6), 625--632.