Appendix A Data Source References KS Albert, WR Gillespie, JG Wagner, A Pau, GF Lockwood 1984. Effects of age on the clinical pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen. Am J Med 6:47-50. AC Altamura, T Melorio, G Invernizzi, R Gomeni 1982. Influence of age on mianserin pharmacokinetics. Psychopharmacology 78:380-2. AC Altamura, T Melorio, G Invernizzi, F Colacurcio and R Gomeni 1983. Age-related differences in kinetics and side effects of violxazine in man and their clinical implications. Psychopharmacology 81:281-5. JB Bentley, JD Borel, RE Nenad, TJ Gillespie 1982. Age and fentanyl pharmacokinetics. Anesth Analg 61:968-71. RA Braithwaite, P Crome, S Dawling, RR Lewis 1979. Pharmacokinetics of nortryptiline in elderly depressed patients and prediction of optimal dosage regimes. Br J Clin Pharmacol 9:306-7. JJ Crowley, BJ Cusack, SG Jue, JR Koup, BK Park, RE Vestal 1988. Aging and drug interactions. II. Effects of phenytoin and smoking on the oxidation of theophylline and cortisol in healthy men. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 245(2):513-23. NR Cutler, PK Narang, LJ Lesko, M Ninos, M Power 1984. Vancomycin disposition: the importance of age. Clin Pharmacol Ther 36(6):803-810. D Debruyne, MA Moulin, J Tartiere, M-C Bigot, J-L Gerard, H Bricard 1990. Clinical pharmacokinetics after repeated intrapleural bupivicaine administration. Clin Pharmacokinet 18(3):240-4. ANJA De Groot, TB Vree, YA Hekster, GJ Pesman, FCG J Sweep, PJW Van Dongen, J Van Roosmalen 1995. Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of sublingual oxytocin in male volunteers. J Pharm Pharmacol 47:571-5. JD de Vries, L Salphati, S Horie, CE Becker and B-A Hoener 1994. Variabilityin the disposition of chlorzoxazone. Biopharm Drug Disposition 15:587-97. DG Ferry, LR Gazeley, WJ Busby, DMG Beasley, JR Edwards, AJ Campbell 1990. Enhanced elimination of piroxicam by administration of activated charcoal or cholestyramine. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 39:599-601. RJ Flanagan, A Johnston, AST White, P Crome 1989. Pharmacokinetics of dextropropoxyphene and nordextropropoxyphene in young and elderly volunteers after single and multiple dextropropoxyphene dosage. Bt J Clin Pharmac 28:463-9. A Forrest, S Chodosh, MA Amantea, DA Collins, JJ Schentag 1997. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral grepafloxacin in patients with acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. J Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 40 (supplement A):45-57. J Gaillot, J-L J Steimer, A J Mallet, J J Thebault, A Bieder 1979. A Priori lithium dosage regimen using population characteristics of pharmacokinetic parameters. J Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics 7(6):579-602 U Gladziwa, U Klotz, K Maumer, R Zollinger, H Mann, H-G Sieberth 1993. Pharmacokinetics of epoetin (recombinant human erythropoietin) after long term therapy in patients undergoing haemodialysis and haemofiltration. Clin Pharmacokinet 25(2):145-153. SE Gould et al. 1990. Could the increased antihypertensive efficacy of ketanserinin th eelderly be due to altered pharmacokinetics? Cardiovascular drugs and therapy 4:89-92. DJ Greenblatt, MD Allen, JS Harmatz, RI Shader 1980. Diazepam disposition determinants. Clin Pharmacol Ther 27(3):301-12. DJ Greenblatt, DR Abernethy, R Matlis, JS Harmatz, RI Shader 1984. Absorption and disposition of ibuprofen in the elderly. Arthritis and rheumatism 27(9):1066-9. PJ Hayball, RL Nation, F Bochner, LN Sansom, MJ Ahern, MD Smith 1993. The influence of renal function on the enantioselective pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ketoprofen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Pharmaco 36:185-93. JF Henry, C Altamura, R Gomeni, MP Hervy, F Forette, PL Moriselli 1981. Pharmacokinetics of amitriptyline in the elderly. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 19(1):1-5. RJ Herman, CB McAllister, RA Branch, GR Wilkinson 1985. Effects of age on meperidine disposition. Clin Pharmacol Ther 37:19-24. N. Hockings, AA Ajayi and JL Reid 1986. Age and the pharmacokinetics of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors enalapril and enalaprilat. Br J Clin Pharmac 21:341-8. L Holmberg, I Odar-Cederlof, LO Boreus, L Heyner, M Ehrnebo 1982. Comparative disposition of pethidine and norpethidine in old and young patients. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 22:175-9. WD Hooper and MS Qing 1990. The influence of age and gender on the stereoselective metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mephobarbital in humans. Clin Pharmacol Ther 48:633-40. SHD Jackson, A Johnston, R Woollard, P Turner 1989. The relationship between theophylline clearance and age in adult life. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 36:29-34. NS Jallad, DC Garg, JJ Martinez, EJ Mroszczak, DJ Weidler 1990. Pharmacokinetics of single-dose oral and intramuscular ketorolac tromethamine in th eyoung and elderly. J Clin Pharmacol 30:76-81. PE Johnson, DB Milne, GI Lykken 1992. Effects of age and sex on copper absorption, biological half-life, and status in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 56:917-25. A Jorgensen, P Staehr 1976. On the biological half-life of amitriptyline. J Pharm Pharmac 28:62-4.. F Jorquera, MM Almar, M Pozuelo, D Sansegundo, M Gonzalez-Sastre, J GonzalexGallego 1995. Effects of aging on antipyrene clearance: predictive factors of metabolizing capacity. Clin Pharmacol 35:895-901. G Kaiser, R Ackermann, W Dieterle, CJ Durnin, J McEwen, K Ghose, A Richens, IB Holmes 1990. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the ace inhibitor benazepril hydrochloride in the elderly. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 38:379-85. MJ Kendall, R Jubb, HA Bird, P le Gallez, J Hill, AJ Taggart, R Rau 1990. A pharmacokinetic comparison of ibuprofen sustained-release tablets given to young and elderly patients. J Clin Pharm Ther 15:35-40. JB Kitts, DM Fisher, PC Canfell, MJ Spellman, JE Caldwell, T Heier, MR Fahey, RD Miller 1990. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of atracurium in the elderly. Anesthesiology 72:272-5. TE Lackner and S Birge 1990. Accuracy of pharmacokinetic dose determination of gentamicin in geriatric patients. DICP, the annals of pharmacotherapy 24:29-32. KR Lees, JL Reid 1987. Age and the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of chronic enalapril treatment. Clin Pharmacol Ther 41:597-602. G Li, G Treiber, K Maier, S Walker, U Klotz 1993. Disposition of ibuprofen in patients with liver cirrhosis: stereochemical considerations. Clin Phamacokinet 25(2):154-63. GR Matzke, JJ Jameson, CE Halstenson 1987. Gentamicin disposition in young and elderly patients with various degrees of renal function. J Clin Pharmacol 27:216-220. PA Miglioli, P Pivetta, M Strazzabosco, R Orlando, L Okolicsanyi, P Palatini 1990. Effect of age on single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of erythromycin. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 39:161-4. JO Miners, R Penhall, RA Robson, DJ Birkett 1988. Comparison of paracetamol metabolism in young adult and elderly males. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 35:160-157. FO Muller, HKL Hundt, M Van Dyk, G Groenewoud, HG Luus 1986. Ibuprofen bioavailability. S Afr Med J 70:197-9. A Nies, DS Robinson, MJ Friedman, R Green, TB Cooper, CL Ravaris, JO Ives 1977. Relationship between age and tricyclic antidepressant plasma levels. Am J Psychiatry 134:790-3. HR Ochs, DJ Greenblatt, H Friedman, ES Burstein, A Lockniskar, JS Harmatz, RI Shader 1987. Bromazepam pharmacokinetics: influence of age, gender, oral contraceptives, cimetidine, and propranolol. Clin Pharmacol Ther 41:562-70. MB O'Connell, PR Pentel, CL Zimmerman 1989. Individual variability in the blood pressure response to intravenous phenylpropanolamine: a pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic investigation. Clin Pharmacol Ther 45:252-9. E Perucca, R Grimaldi, G Gatti, S Pirracchio, F Crema, GM Frigo 1984. Pharmacokinetics of valproic acid in the elderly. Br J Clin Pharmac 17:665-669. J Plantier, AW Forrey, MA O'Neill, AD Blair, TG Christopher, RE Cutler 1976. Pharmacokinetics of amikacin in patients with normal or impaired renal function: radioenzyme acetylation assay. J Infectious Diseases 134(supp):S323-30. H-P Platten, E Schweizer, K Dilger, G Mikus, U Klotz 1998. Pharmacokinetics and the pharmacodynamic action of midazolam in young and elderly patients undergoing tooth extraction. Clin Pharmacol Ther 63:552-60. J Posner, M Danhof, MWE Teunissen, DD Breimer, PD Whiteman 1987. The disposition of antipyrene and its metabolites in young and elderly volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmac 24:51-55. JP Rho, A Jones, M Woo, S Castle, K Smith, RE Bawdon, DC Norman 1989. Singledose pharmacokinetics of intravenous ampicillin plus sulbactam in healthy elderly and young adult subjects. J Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 24:573-80. DE Rollins, G Alvan, L Bertilsson, JR Gillette, B Mellstrom, F Sjoqvist, L Traskman 1980. Interindividual differences in amitriptyline demethylation. Clin Pharm Ther 28:121-9 M Rowland, PD Thomson, A Guichard, KL Melmon, 1971. Disposition kinetics of lidocaine in normal subjects. Ann New York Acad Sci (179):383-98. M Rowland 1990. Clinical pharmacokinetics of teicoplanin. Clin Pharmacokinet 18(3):184-209. GR Siber, AL Smith, MJ Levin 1979. Predictability of peak serum gentamicin concentration with dosage based on body surface area. J Pediatr 94(1):135-8. KJ Simons, TJ Martin, WTA Watson, FER Simons 1990. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of terfenadine and chlorpheniramine in th eelderly. J Allergy Clin Immunol 85:540-7. J Sonne, S Loft, M Dossing, S Boesgaard, F Anderson 1991. Single dose pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral oxazepam in very elderly institutionalized subjects. Br J Clin Pharmac 31:719-22. EA Sotaniemi, AJ Arranto, O Pelkonen, M Pasanen 1997. Age and cytochrome P450linked drug metabolism in humans: an analysis of 226 subjects with equal histopathological conditions. Clin Pharmacol Ther 61:331-9. BAM van Schaik, GG Geyskes, PA van der Wouw, HH van Rooij, AJ Porsius 1988. Pharmacokinetics of Lisinopril in Hypertensive Patients with Normal and Impaired Renal Function. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 34:61-5. ES Vesell, JG Page, GT Passanati 1970. Genetic and environmental factors affecting ethanol metabolism in man. Clin Pharm Ther 12(2):192-201. ES Vesell 1974. Factors causing interindividual variations of drug concentrations in blood. Clin Pharm Ther 16(1):135-48. RE Vestal, AJJ Wood, RA Branch, DG Shand, GR Wilkinson 1979. Effects of age and cigarette smoking on propanolol disposition. Clin Pharmacol Ther 26(1):8-15. VE Ziegler, JT Biggs, AB Ardekani, SH Rosen 1978. Contribution to the pharmacokinetics of amitriptyline. J Clin Pharmacol 18:462-7.