Resources for Teaching (clinical reasoning & diagnostic error) Jeannine Gluck, MLS, AHIP 1: Croskerry P. Achieving quality in clinical decision making: cognitive strategies and detection of bias. Acad Emerg Med. 2002 Nov;9(11):1184-204. PMID: 12414468. 2: Ilgen JS, Bowen JL, Yarris LM, Fu R, Lowe RA, Eva K. Adjusting our lens: can developmental differences in diagnostic reasoning be harnessed to improve health professional and trainee assessment? Acad Emerg Med. 2011 Oct;18 Suppl 2:S79-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2011.01182.x. PubMed PMID: 21999563; 3: Pelaccia T, Tardif J, Triby E, Charlin B. An analysis of clinical reasoning through a recent and comprehensive approach: the dual-process theory. Med Educ Online. 2011 Mar 14;16. doi: 10.3402/meo.v16i0.5890. PubMed PMID: 21430797; 4: Graber ML, Kissam S, Payne VL, Meyer AN, Sorensen A, Lenfestey N, Tant E, Henriksen K, Labresh K, Singh H. Cognitive interventions to reduce diagnostic error: a narrative review. BMJ Qual Saf. 2012 Jul;21(7):535-57. doi: 10.1136/bmjqs-2011-000149. PubMed PMID: 22543420. 5: Norman GR, Eva KW. Diagnostic error and clinical reasoning. Med Educ. 2010 Jan;44(1):94-100. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03507.x. PubMed PMID: 20078760. 6: Bowen JL. Educational strategies to promote clinical diagnostic reasoning. N Engl J Med. 2006 Nov 23;355(21):2217-25. PubMed PMID: 17124019. 7: Eva KW. Diagnostic error in medical education: where wrongs can make rights. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract. 2009 Sep;14 Suppl 1:71-81. doi: 10.1007/s10459-009-9188-9. PubMed PMID: 19669913. 8: Mamede S, Schmidt HG, Rikers R. Diagnostic errors and reflective practice in medicine. J Eval Clin Pract. 2007 Feb;13(1):138-45. PubMed PMID: 17286736. 9: Graber ML. Educational strategies to reduce diagnostic error: can you teach this stuff? April 1, 2013 Jeannine Cyr Gluck, MLS Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract. 2009 Sep;14 Suppl 1:63-9. doi: 10.1007/s10459-009-9178-y. PubMed PMID: 19669922. 10: Scott IA. Errors in clinical reasoning: causes and remedial strategies. BMJ. 2009 Jun 8;338:b1860. doi: 10.1136/bmj.b1860. PubMed PMID: 19505957. 11: Fagan MJ, Griffith RA, Obbard L, O'Connor CJ. Improving the physical diagnosis skills of third-year medical students: a controlled trial of a literature-based curriculum. J Gen Intern Med. 2003 Aug;18(8):652-5. PubMed PMID: 12911648; 12: Regehr G, Norman GR. Issues in cognitive psychology: implications for professional education. Acad Med. 1996 Sep;71(9):988-1001. PubMed PMID: 9125988. 13: Arzy S, Brezis M, Khoury S, Simon SR, Ben-Hur T. Misleading one detail: a preventable mode of diagnostic error? J Eval Clin Pract. 2009 Oct;15(5):804-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2753.2008.01098.x. PubMed PMID: 19811592. 14: Graber ML, Tompkins D, Holland JJ. Resources medical students use to derive a differential diagnosis. Med Teach. 2009 Jun;31(6):522-7. PubMed PMID: 19811168. 15: Ogdie AR, Reilly JB, Pang WG, Keddem S, Barg FK, Von Feldt JM, Myers JS. Seen through their eyes: residents' reflections on the cognitive and contextual components of diagnostic errors in medicine. Acad Med. 2012 Oct;87(10):1361-7. PubMed PMID: 22914511. 16: Wegwarth O, Gaissmaier W, Gigerenzer G. Smart strategies for doctors and doctors-in-training: heuristics in medicine. Med Educ. 2009 Aug;43(8):721-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03359.x. PubMed PMID: 19573016. 17: Hershberger PJ, Part HM, Markert RJ, Cohen SM, Finger WW. Teaching awareness of cognitive bias in medical decision making. Acad Med. 1995 Aug;70(8):661. PubMed PMID: 7646736. 18: Kassirer JP. Teaching clinical reasoning: case-based and coached. Acad Med. 2010 Jul;85(7):1118-24. PubMed PMID: 20603909. April 1, 2013 Jeannine Cyr Gluck, MLS 19: Croskerry P. The importance of cognitive errors in diagnosis and strategies to minimize them. Acad Med. 2003 Aug;78(8):775-80. PubMed PMID: 12915363. 20: Trowbridge RL. Twelve tips for teaching avoidance of diagnostic errors. Med Teach. 2008 Jun;30(5):496-500. doi: 10.1080/01421590801965137. PubMed PMID: 18576188. 21: Rencic J. Twelve tips for teaching expertise in clinical reasoning. Med Teach. 2011;33(11):887-92. doi: 10.3109/0142159X.2011.558142. PubMed PMID: 21711217. 22: Bordage G. Why did I miss the diagnosis? Some cognitive explanations and educational implications. Acad Med. 1999 Oct;74(10 Suppl):S138-43. PubMed PMID: 10536619. 23. Kaufman, David R., Nicole A. Yoskowitz, and Vimla L. Patel. "Clinical reasoning and biomedical knowledge: implications for teaching." In: Clinical reasoning in the health professions. 3rd ed. Edinburgh: Elsevier (2008): 137-50. ISBN 9780750688857. 24. Kassirer, Jerome P. Learning clinical reasoning. 2nd ed. New York, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2009. ISBN 9780781795159. 25. Hershberger, Paul J., et al; Understanding and Addressing Cognitive Bias in Medical Education. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 1996-1997; 1(3):221-26. ERIC record EJ554565. 26. Wray, Brad. The Cognitive Bias Song [YouTube] http://teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id=152698 29. Goss JR. Teaching clinical reasoning to second-year medical students. Acad Med. 1996 Apr;71(4):349-52; discussion 348. PubMed PMID: 8645397. 30. Quirk, Mark. Intuition and Metacognition in Medical Education: Keys to Developing Expertise (Springer Series on Medical Education) New York: Springer, 2006. ISBN 9780826102133 April 1, 2013 Jeannine Cyr Gluck, MLS