Chapter 14: Muscles, Bones, and Skin
Study Guide
Directions: Be sure to answer each question completely on your own
paper.
1. What is the significance of using the pyramid to represent the levels of
organization for multicellular organisms?—it shows the levels from least
complex to most complex (or smallest to largest)
2. List the 4 main groups of body tissues and their function in the body.—
muscle—movement
nerve—sends messages
epithelial—lines or covers the inside and outside of body
connective—connects, unites, supports, protects, stores, transports
3. List at least 4 examples of connective tissue and identify their “connecting”
function in the body.—
tendon—connects muscle to bone
ligament—connects bone to bone
fat—protects
cartilage—protects
blood—transports and stores
bone—connects, unites, stores, protects
4. Identify the 5 main functions of the skeletal system.
provides shape and support, enables you to move, protects your organs,
produces blood cells, and stores minerals
5. Differentiate between the axial and appendicular skeletal division.-axial—consists of skull, ribs, sternum, and vertebral column
appendicular—consists of shoulders, arms, pelvis, and legs
6. Differentiate between an immovable and movable joint.
movable joint—moves
immovable joint—does not move
7. Identify the example of an immovable joint.
skull
8. Identify the 4 main types of movable joints, describe the action of each, and list
an example of each joint.
gliding joint—wrist, ankle, and vertebrae
ball and socket joint—shoulder and hip
hinge joint—knee and elbow
pivot joint—neck
9. Identify and define 3 main injuries to the skeletal and muscular system.
fracture—break in a bone
strain-- occurs when muscles or tendons are stretched beyond their normal limits
sprain--—(more serious injury) occurs when ligaments are pulled beyond their
normal limits
10. List at least 2 characteristics of the muscular system.
approximately 600 muscles and approximately 40% of total body weight
11. Define myofibril.—muscle cell or fiber
12. Differentiate between a voluntary and involuntary muscle movement.
voluntary muscles are under your conscious control, involuntary muscles are
not
13. Identify the muscle movement for each of the types of muscle.
skeletal—voluntary
smooth—involuntary
cardiac—involuntary
14. How do rates of tire and reaction of the muscle types compare? List each muscle
type and its rate of tire and reaction.
skeletal—reacts quickly, tires quickly
smooth—reacts slowly, tires slowly
cardiac—reacts quickly, tires slowly
15. Why do skeletal muscles work in pairs?
muscle tissue can ONLY contract, it cannot expand
16. Explain the statement, “Muscles only pull, never push.”
One muscle pulls the skeleton in one direction, and it’s pair pulls the skeleton
in the other direction—ex: bicep/tricep
17. Describe what is involved in the movement of a skeletal muscle.
answers may vary
18. Describe what occurs with atrophy.
muscle tissue wastes away
19. How does the skin protect the body from disease?---It keeps disease-causing
microorganisms from entering the body.
20. In which layer of the skin would you find nerves and blood vessels.--dermis
21. Where are the living cells in the epidermis located?—beneath the dead cells
22. What is the function of melanin besides giving the skin pigment (color)?—helps
protect the skin from sunburn
23. How does the skin help regulate body temperature?—by enabling excess heat to
escape the body
*24. You must be able to label the 21 bones of the skeleton.
*25. You must be able to label specific muscles: biceps, deltoids, quadriceps, gluteus
maximus, triceps, pectoral muscles, sartorius, and gastrocnemius.