Tool Box Talk – Training Kit
Introduction
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Tool box talks are a simple and effective means of communicating
basic health & safety information to all persons working on site.
Tool box talks should be given once every two weeks or as a
minimum one talk given per month. The talk is given by a member of
first line management to all persons on site.
In conjunction with the site programme the talks have been designed
to relate to specific hazards i.e. excavation, plant & machinery.
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The talk to be given is decided upon by the Site Manager at that stage
of the work.
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At any time during the construction phase a general topic may be
covered to highlight or re-emphasise the basic health & safety
message.
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The format of the talks makes them easy to understand and follow and
takes the form of a checklist of basic safety points. The talks have
been designed to last no longer than 10 minutes.
Tool Box Talk Index
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Tool Box Talk No 1 - Asbestos
Tool Box Talk No 2 - Lifting and Handling
Tool Box Talk No 3 - Weil’s Disease (Leptospirosis)
Tool Box Talk No 4 - Abrasive Wheels
Tool Box Talk No 5 - Buried Services
Tool Box Talk No 6 - Warning Labels and Hazard Data Sheets
Tool Box Talk No 7 - Vibration
Tool Box Talk No 8 - The Health & Safety Act At Work Etc
Tool Box Talk No 9 - Stepladders and Trestles
Tool Box Talk No 10- Scaffold
Tool Box Talk No 11 - Safe Working On Roofs & At Heights
Tool Box Talk No 12 - Safe Storage Of Gas Cylinders
Tool Box Talk No 13 - Protection Of Skin
Tool Box Talk No 14 - Protection Of Eyes
Tool Box Talk No 15 - Portable Tools
Tool Box Talk No 16 – Cartridge/Pressure Operated Tools
Tool Box Talk No 17 - COSHH
Tool Box Talk No 18 –Hypodermic Needles
Tool Box Talk No 19 - Mobile Alloy Scaffold Towers
Tool Box Talk No 20 - Ladders
Tool box Talk No 21 - Housekeeping
Tool Box Talk No 22 - Head Protection
Tool Box Talk No 23 - Hand Care
Tool Box Talk No 24 - The Health & Safety Executive - Factory Inspectors
Tool Box Talk No 25 - Machinery Guarding
Tool Box Talk No 26 - First Aid At Work
Tool Box Talk No 27 - Fire
Tool Box Talk No 28 - Excavations
Tool Box Talk no 29 - Electricity
Tool Box Talk No 30 - Hoists and Hoist Towers
Tool Box Talk No 31 - Dust
Tool Box Talk No 32 - Plant and Equipment
Tool Box Talk No 33 - Noise - It’s Health Effects On you
Tool Box Talk No 34 - Working In confined Spaces
Tool Box Talk No 1 - Asbestos
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Asbestos is a mineral fibre that has many uses. The three
most common types are
Chrysotile (White)
Amosite (Brown)
Crocidolite (Blue)
Asbestos is used in many industries for ceiling tiles, floor tiles,
plastics, insulation and fire proofing.
Asbestos is a useful product but presents health risks.
Asbestos dust affects the lungs, causing constant irritation. It
can cause cancer of the lungs after heavy exposure.
Asbestos is a potential hazard for those who work with or
disturb it. Demolition workers are more likely to be exposed.
Controlling asbestos exposure is achieved by the HSE who
put strict control limits in place and ensure those procedures
are strictly followed.
In addition to the HSE’s requirements, insurers also require
procedures implemented by the company to be followed e.g.
Asbestos must be removed by an approved licensed
contractor.
As employees you need to familiarise yourself with the work
surroundings and take note of areas indentified by the Site
Manager where asbestos is located and ensure you do not
touch or disturb the material.
Tool Box Talk No 1 – Asbestos Cont’d
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If you uncover materials suspected to contain
asbestos, stop work and report it to the Site Manager
immediately – don’t try to remove it. Reminder – The
health effects of exposure to asbestos dust are
irreversible.
Tool Box Talk No 2 – Lifting and Handling
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In construction, approximately one fifth of all accidents involve
injuries while manual handling or lifting materials.
Much of the site work requires lifts of awkward and heavy
objects. Strain placed on the back if lifted incorrectly, may
cause serious back injury.
Common injuries are sprains to muscles, joint torn ligaments,
hernias, cuts and penetration of sharp objects.
Where possible all loads shall be moved with the aid of
mechanical assistance i.e. forklifts, wheelbarrows or trolley
jacks.
What a person can lift will vary according to: age, physique and
practice. If the load is felt to be too heavy or cannot be lifted
without strain – get help.
When carrying out manual handling activities it is important to
adopt a good handling technique:
 Stop and think. Plan the lift. Where is the load going to
be placed? Use appropriate handling aids if possible.
Do you need help with the load? Remove obstructions
such as discarded wrapping materials. For a long lift –
such as floor to shoulder height – consider resting the
load mid-way on a table or bench in order to change
grip.
 Place the feet. Feet apart, giving a balanced and stable
base for lifting. Leading leg as far forward as is
comfortable.
Tool Box Talk No 2 – Lifting and Handling Cont’d
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Adopt a good posture. Bend the knees so that they are as
nearly level with the waist as possible. But do not kneel or over
flex the knees. Keep the back straight (tucking in the chin helps)
Lean forward a little over the load if necessary to get a good grip.
Keep shoulders level and facing in the same direction as the
hips.
Get a firm grip. Try to keep the arms within the boundary formed
by the legs. The optimum position and nature of the grip
depends on the circumstances and individual preference, but it
must be secure. A hook grip is less fatiguing than keeping the
fingers straight. If it is necessary to vary the grip as the lift
proceeds, do this as smoothly as possible.
Don’t jerk. Carry out the lifting movement smoothly, keeping
control of the load.
Move the feet. Don’t twist the trunk when turning to the side.
Keep close to the load. Keep the load close to the body for as
long as possible. Keep the heaviest side of the load next to the
body. If a close approach to the load is not possible try sliding it
towards you before attempting to lift it.
Put down, then adjust. If precise positioning of the load is
necessary, put it down first, then slide it into desired position.
Tool Box Talk No 3 – Weil’s Disease (Leptospirosis)
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Weil’s disease is a bacterial infection caught from contact
with rat’s urine.
Where water is stagnant or flowing i.e. near rivers, rats may
be present.
The bacteria enters by cuts in the skin, swallowing dirty
water or through the eye.
Typical symptoms are flu-like, headaches, fever, sore throat
and excessive sweating.
If rats are spotted, report this to your Site Manager.
Good personal hygiene is essential. Wash your hands before
and after eating or going to the toilet. Always wear the
protective clothing supplied and look after it – it could save
your life.
If you attend your doctor’s for any reason, tell them you have
been working on a site with rats present so they can
eliminate the symptoms of Weil’s disease early.
Tool Box Talk No 4 – Abrasive Wheels
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An abrasive wheel is defined as a ‘wheel, cylinder, disc or point’. It
has abrasive particles and is intended to be power driven.
Abrasive wheels must only be mounted and operated by competent
persons who must be appointed by the Site Manager. Details must
be entered in the site register which is located in the Site Managers
Office.
On fitting abrasive wheels, the correct disc must be fitted to the
spindle and secured fully.
All machines must be fitted with a guard, which cannot be removed
– these are designed to contain fragments if the blade brakes. If no
guard is present report it to the Site Manager immediately – do not
use it.
Operator’s of the equipment must report all defects in the abrasive
wheel, guards or tool rests to the Site Manager.
All persons using abrasive wheels must wear ear defenders &
goggles.
Ensure when using abrasive wheel’s other’s are not working in
close vicinity as flying objects may cause them harm.
Ensure any loose clothing, hair etc is tied back to ensure you do not
become entangled in the equipment.
Never exceed usage times and record time used on the Vibration
Log
Tool Box Talk No 5 – Buried Services
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Buried Services are, to a great extent, out of sight, out of
mind, until the time comes for someone to dig a hole or start
excavating.
Prior to any digging on site, buried services must be found
and located. This can be done by using drawings produced
by the Statutory Authorities.
Cables can be located using a ‘CAT’ and ‘GENNY’ equipment
which works using a radio frequency to identify the location of
pipes and cables.
Once pipes / cables are located, they should be marked to
identify and secure their position.
When digging for cables, a trial hole should be carefully dug
by hand to establish the exact position – this will determine
the type of soil, type and the depth of the service.
Power tools must never be used directly over an indicated
cable, unless it has been made dead or isolated.
When a service is exposed in the bottom of a trench or
excavation, it should be protected with a suitable timber or
other material. This will prevent damage to the cable /
service.
Services across a trench should be supported by slings or
props.
Tool Box Talk No 5 – Buried Services Cont’d
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Cables and services must never be used as a jack or
anchorage point. If a service pipe or cable needs to
be moved to allow the work to progress, then inform
the Site Manager.
Never use a mechanical excavator within 0.5m of a
service
If you damage or uncover service pipes or cables stop
work and inform the Site Manager immediately.
Tool Box Talk No 6 – Warning Labels and Hazard Data Sheets
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Warning labels give basic information about hazardous
chemicals. Hazard Safety data sheets give details about
chemicals and their hazards – they are provided by
manufacturers and suppliers.
Millions of people work with hazardous chemicals which can
cause health problems and safety hazards such as fires and
explosions.
Never assume a chemical will be the same. Always read the
label before use.
Warning labels provide information about the chemical content,
first aid requirements, storage, handling precautions, methods of
disposal and any special needs.
Never colour over, rip or destroy a label on a can or bottle –
remember others may assume the contents to be different. E.g.
white spirits – water !
If you find a container with no label, report it. Do not handle it
without knowing what it is or how to handle it safely.
Prior to use, check the hazard data sheet. The information will
include health hazard data, i.e. potential harmful effects on you.
Your employer should have a COSHH Assessment for a
substance. Ask to see it before using a substance.
If you have any questions, ask your supervisor.
Tool Box Talk No 7- Vibration
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Vibration is associated with noise. The louder a noise, the more
irritable it is. The greater the exposure to vibration, the more
likely there is to be damage.
Vibration occurs in four ways:• Whole Body
– Vibration through the body e.g. from a
rough terrain vehicle.
• Part Body
– Through a certain part e.g. hands.
• Direct Contact – Through a certain part e.g. hands.
• Indirect Contact – Vibration transmitted through a
substance, e.g. metal sheeting.
Vibration is most common in portable hand-held equipment, e.g.
Kango’s, Hilti guns, Stihl saw’s and pneumatic drills.
The vibration from this equipment can cause Hand Arm Vibration
Syndrome (HAVS)
All new equipment should be fitted with anti-vibration handles,
insulation to cases that absorbs vibration and notices to inform
that potential long term use can lead to vibration effects.
Excessive exposure to intense vibration leads to excessive
sweating, fatigue and muscle cramps.
Tool Box Talk No 7 – Vibration Cont’d
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Vibration white Finger (VWF) is a known industrial
condition. It results from excessive use of vibratory
tools. Finger tips become whitened due to lack of
blood circulation and there is a loss of sensation and
numbness at nerve endings which can result in
permanent damage.
Keep hands warm, massage and exercise fingers
during work breaks.
Take short breaks and reduce the time using the tool
to reduce the risk of getting HAVS.
Do not exceed usage times detailed in the risk
assessment or manufacturers' instructions.
Avoid or cut down smoking as this reduces blood
circulation.
When using vibrating tools details must be entered in
the vibration log located in the Site Managers Office.
Report defects to the Site Manager, poorly maintained
tools can increase vibration levels.
Tool Box Talk No 8 – The Health & Safety At Work
etc Act 1974
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The Act provides a comprehensive framework to promote
and encourage high standards of Health & Safety at the
workplace.
The Act involves everyone and places specific duties on
management, employees, self-employed, manufacturers
and designers.
The Act deals with all safety, health and welfare risks.
The Act places responsibility on every employer to ensure
as far as reasonably practicable the health, safety and
welfare at work of all his employees.
The employer is required to: provide and maintain plant
and safe systems of work; provide a safe access and
egress at work; and provide a safe place to work.
The employer has other duties to his employees to provide
adequate welfare facilities, to provide a safety policy and
most important to ensure the Health & Safety of his
employees.
Tool Box Talk No 8 – The Health & Safety At Work
etc Act 1974 Cont.
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Under the Act, responsibilities are placed on the employee
(this means you!).
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To exercise reasonable care for the health and
safety of themselves or others who may be
affected by their acts or omissions at work
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To co-operate with the employer, as far as may
be necessary, to enable them to carry out their
legal duties in health and safety matters – Obey
the Site Rules
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Not intentionally or recklessly to interfere with
anything provided in the interests of health,
safety and welfare – Do not remove machine
guards, safety barriers etc
In addition the Management of Health and Safety at Work
regulations 1999 requires employees to use all tools and
equipment safely , in accordance with instructions, and to
report any and all defects or potential hazards to their
employer.
Tool Box Talk No 9 – Work at Height - Ladders and Stepladders
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Ladders and stepladders are among the most commonly used
pieces of access equipment on site and perhaps the most
misused.
When work at height is necessary a risk assessment will be
carried out to ensure the most suitable equipment is selected.
If it is not practical to use podium steps, mobile tower,MEWP
etc then ladders or step ladders may be used.
Only Class One – Industrial ladders and stepladders can be
used.
Stepladders if selected should always be positioned as far
apart as the retaining cord allows with all four legs firmly on
the ground.
Check prior to use, inspect the stiles and rungs for damage.
Check the hinges for lack of repair or missing screws.
Never stand on the top step or work of the top three steps.
Check where they are being placed, for example, in an access
corridor or near a door. Watch out for electric leads hanging
across the steps or hindrance of access.
Avoid side-on working and do not over reach
Tool Box Talk No 9 – Stepladders and Trestles Cont’d
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Access ladders should extend at least 1m above the
landing point.
Ladders must be secured at all times.
Ladders must be only used with a ladder stay, anti slip
device or footed.
Have a strong upper resting point-not plastic guttering
All work at height equipment must be inspected before
use and weekly (recorded in the Site Register)
Report all defects immediately to the Site Manager.
Tool Box Talk No 10 - Scaffold
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All scaffolds / working platforms to be properly constructed to provide
adequate working space and comply with statutory regulations.
Scaffold must only be erected, modified or dismantled by an trained
and competent person e.g. scaffolder.
All scaffolders must be registered with the CISRS Scheme.
All materials to be free from defects and inspected before use.
Scaffold must be constructed of sound, strong material. Tubes are not
to be bent, rusty or distorted.
No scaffold shall be left partly erected or dismantled unless adequate
notices are displayed and access blocked.
Access onto scaffolding must be prevented during out of working
hours-board up or remove the ladders.
Bricks, thermal blocks, scraps of odd timber MUST NOT be used
under sole plates or for foundations.
Boards to be free from splits, knots, concrete, etc and NOT painted to
conceal defects.
Guardrails and toe boards to be fitted to all areas where falls of
operatives or materials may result in injury.
Ladder accesses; to be kept clear of materials.
Ladder to extend approx’ 1m (4 rungs) above the working platform.
Check the ladder is secure before ascending.
Tool Box Talk No 10 – Scaffold, Cont’d
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Scaffolds must not be overloaded.
Materials must not be stored above the height of the
handrail and brick guard.
Warning notices to be displayed on partially completed
scaffold and access blocked.
Scaffolds should be inspected:- prior to handover,
every 7 days, after adverse weather and after
alteration or substantial modification.
Immediately report any defects to the Site Manager.
Do not throw (bomb) materials from the scaffold.
Tool Box Talk No 11– Safe Working On Roofs & At Heights
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Almost one in five workers killed in construction accidents are
doing roof work. The main causes of accidents are falling of the
edges of roofs and falling through holes, roof lights and other
fragile surfaces. Many more people are seriously injured or
crippled. It must be emphasised that there is no ‘safe height’.
Anyone who is off the ground is at risk of falling.
Compliance with well established safety procedures and existing
legislation could save lives and prevent injuries.
All roof work and work at height requires a risk assessment and,
if the work is extensive method statement detailing the safe
system of work should be produced.
Most accidents could be avoided if the most suitable equipment
was used and those carrying out the work were given adequate
information, instruction , training and supervision.
If possible avoid work at height e.g. use extendable equipment.
The following must be provided when working on any roof:
Safe access and egress e.g. scaffold
Safe means of moving across the roof
A means of preventing falls (workers and materials)
Measures to prevent falls through fragile materials and mitigate
the consequences should a fall occur e.g. nets
Tool Box Talk No 11 – Safe Working On Roofs &
At Heights, Cont’d
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When installing roof trusses a safe working platform around the
perimeter of the roof must be provided along with a measures to
mitigate the distance and consequences of a fall.
Fall arrest equipment e.g. harnesses should be inspected prior to
use for defects and wear and tear. Defects must be reported to
the Site Manager.
Special precautions must be implemented during adverse
weather.
Do not allow waste/debris to build up on the working platform.
Everyone who works at height must be trained and competent.
Tool Box Talk No 12 – Safe Storage Of Gas Cylinders
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Store cylinders in a well ventilated area – preferably in the open air.
Store cylinders away from fire risk and away from sources of heat and
ignition. The area should be marked ‘No Smoking’.
All cylinders must be stored upright on a firm, level surface and
cylinders must be secured to prevent them falling.
Store nothing else in the cylinder storage area. In particular, avoid oil,
paint or corrosive or flammable liquids.
Segregate full and empty cylinders in the store.
Liquid petroleum gases (propane or butane) must be stored in a
minimum of 3m away from ANY other gas cylinder type.
If there is any chance of fire, a dry powder fire extinguisher must be
present.
Cylinders should never be lifted by the cylinder regulator or screw
thread – it causes excessive damage to occur.
Never roll cylinders along the ground as markings become nonidentifiable and cylinders get damaged.
At all times be aware of persons working around you with LPG/gas
cylinders – knowing a little bit more information could help prevent an
accident.
Tool Box Talk No 13 – Protection Of Skin
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The skin is the largest organ in the human body and comes under the
most attack from chemicals and dusts in the industry.
Dermatitis is a skin condition caused when skin comes into contact with
an irritant substance. Anyone may be affected and the result may be
redness, swelling or septic ulcers.
Do not use solvents to clean the skin.
Ensure any cuts and grazes are covered up.
Never wear oil contaminated clothes next to your skin.
Some substances such as sulphuric acid burn the skin quickly; mineral
oils cause oil acne or cancer and solvents degrease, i.e. remove the fat
layer.
Employers can reduce the risk by eliminating a substance from the
workplace, substituting a known harmful substance for a less harmful
one and supplying gloves and other personal protective equipment.
Employees must co-operate with employers – if PPE must be worn, then
do so. It is supplied for your protection.
Always read the label of the container. If in doubt, ask your manager or
supervisor for advice on what should be done or contact the H & S Dept
for expert advice.
If gloves are supplied, look after them. It is essential that PPE is
maintained to provide 100% protection.
Tool Box Talk No 14 – Protection Of Eyes
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Each day in the construction industry there are about 1000
eye injuries, 75% by impact, 10% ingress of dust and 15%
by burns or chemicals.
You have a legal obligation to use eye protection provided in
accordance with the regulations.
Employers have a legal duty to supply eye protection. The
employee has a legal duty to wear eye protection as
required.
Employees (i.e. YOU) must look after the eye protection, be
it goggles, face shield or safety spectacles.
When using tools make sure others will not be affected by
your work e.g. sparks from cutting/grinding
If there are any defects in the eye protection, you must
report it to your employer.
The place for eye protection is over your eyes – not on your
head or round your neck.
If you get something in your eyes seek immediate first aid.
Goggles may save your eyes. They must be worn if signs
and labels on pieces of equipment show this. If unsure seek
advice from the Site Manager. We all have a responsibility
for health and safety.
Tool Box Talk No 15 – Portable Tools
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Used correctly, portable tools can help do many jobs quickly, efficiently and
safely. Used incorrectly they may lead to serious injuries.
Most accidents are caused by the person using the tool, NOT by the tool
itself.
Use tools correctly and for what they are designed to do, not for something
else.
E.g. A stanley knife is not a screwdriver.
Always plan ahead, secure all work to keep it steady, concentrate on the job,
avoid distractions and take a break.
Only use tools for their intended use and in accordance with the
manufacturers instructions.
Always check the tool, before using it for damage e.g. for cracks or splits in
casings. Never use damaged or faulty tools.
Do not leave power tools running – switch off and disconnect first.
Keep all tools in a good condition.
Report defects/faults immediately
Maintain all tools on a regular basis, i.e. remove rust and lubricate. Well
maintained tools will give you years of safe dependable service.
Keep your work area clear.
Do not leave tool unattended
Store tools correctly.
Use PPE in accordance with the risk assessment and safe system of work.
Tool Box Talk No 16 – Cartridge/Pressure Operated Tools
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Cartridge and Pressure Propelled tools are potentially lethal if used incorrectly by
untrained persons.
Persons using these tools must be over 18 years of age and have received
proper formal training. Many manufacturers offer this type of training i.e.
Hilti/Paslode.
Cartridge are powered by a small powered cartridge, usually in strips (like caps in
a cap gun). The strength of the cartridge is shown by the colour of the strip.
When using cartridges, they must not be used loose but kept in their strip.
Cartridges which are not used must NOT be thrown away, as they are still ‘live’.
The cartridges must not be disposed of on a fire due to the explosive element.
Pressure operated tools are powered by a gas cylinder.
When using these tool be aware of what you are fixing to, or if persons are
working behind the material. It may be that a safe working zone may have to be
put in place around the work area.
Cartridge/Pressure operated tools must not be carried with your finger on the
trigger.
Hearing and eye protection must always be worn when using this type of tool,
many hazards exist, e.g. ricochets, misfires, fragments from flying up into the
face.
Always check for defects prior to use
Be aware of working surroundings, e.g. the gun may recoil which may lead to a
loss of balance on a scaffold or working platform. Operators not familiar with the
tool should test for recoil at ground level prior to working at height. At the end of a
working day, the tools must be put back into a box and checked by a competent
person responsible for the issue and maintain of equipment.
Tool Box Talk No 17 - COSHH
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COSHH stands for Control Of Substances Hazardous to Health.
All persons at work need to know the risk to health from exposure
to substances.
Your employer has a legal duty to provide information to you about
the dangers that can rise from exposure to harmful substances.
Always read the label prior to use or disposal of a substance and
ask to see the Safety Data Sheet and the COSHH assessment.
Contain any spillages (Spill Kits) and report immediately.
Hazardous substances include:- cement, hard wood dust,
solvents and epoxy resins
You can be affected by a hazardous substance by:Ingestion-eating contaminated food
Inhalation-breathing harmful dusts or fumes
Absorption-chemicals entering through broken skin
Labels show the extent of harm from the substances:Skull & Cross Bones – Toxic – poisonous
Liquid Causing Burn – Corrosive
Black Cross on Orange Background – Harmful or
Irritant
PPE is a last but must be worn.
Always wash at the end of each day and before eating
Tool Box Talk No 17 – COSHH, Cont’d
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Remember that even the most commonly used
materials can kill:
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Oil – carcinogen (potential to cause cancer)
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Cement- Lung Damage
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Concrete – Skin Burns/Dermatitis
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Epoxy Materials – Highly Flammable and
can damage your lungs by inhalation.
COSHH is important – be aware and work safely.
Tool Box Talk No 18 – Hypodermic Needles
Tool Box Talk No 19 – Mobile Alloy Scaffold Towers
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Only trained and competent operatives to erect/dismantle tower scaffolds.
Always ensure that the correct components are available to use, prior to erecting
a tower.
Always read the manufacturer’s /supplier’s instruction pamphlet prior to the
erection of the tower.
At height, guardrails must be fitted at all times.
On all towers, toebaords must be fitted into position to prevent materials being
kicked off.
Always use the internal ladder, never climb up the outside of the tower.
Never use ladders, boxes, etc on the tower to gain additional height.
Never use the tower in the vicinity of live electrical appliances or near unguarded
materials.
If the tower has to be used or moved, no persons must be on the tower when it is
moved. Towers can fall over.
If outriggers and brakes are fitted to wheels, then use them – they are a safety
feature.
Do not drop equipment during assembly or dismantling of the tower.
Always use a hoist line; do not carry materials up ladders.
Tool Box Talk No 20 - Ladders
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Use only clear varnish to protect a ladder – paint may cover up
defects.
Never use a damaged or defective ladder.
Make sure the ladder is set on a firm level base.
Tie the ladder at the top – if it cannot be tied, it should be footed.
Make sure the ladder is long enough to reach the working platform or
at the point at which you must stand.
The correct pitch of ladder is 4 to 1 (1foot out at the base for every 4
feet high).
Use the correct length of ladder for the job. Never lash two ladders
together to make a longer one.
Do not carry loads on ladders – use a hoist line.
If working from a ladder, do not overreach – move the ladder.
Ladders should only be used as a means of access and for short
duration works only.
Beware of wet, muddy or icy rungs.
Inspect ladders before use.
Remember a ladder is a means of access, not a working place.
Only Class 1 ladders must be used.
Tool Box Talk No 21 - Housekeeping
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Don’t leave rubbish lying about – deposit all rubbish into
the designated bins and skips provided.
Keep all walkways, aisles and stairways clear.
Wipe up split oil, grease or liquids.
Clear up turnings, chippings, and off cuts.
Store all oily or greasy rags in metal containers.
Stack goods and materials clear of gangways and paths.
Store tools and hazardous substances away safely when
not in use.
Keep work areas uncluttered.
Don’t accumulate scrap or waste.
Ensure that access to the extinguishers and fire exits are
not obstructed.
Keep all doorways and exit routes clear of obstructions.
A tidy site is a safe site – be aware!
Tool Box Talk No 22 – Head Protection
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Safety helmets are required to be worn at all times whilst on site
– it is company policy and a requirement by law.
A safety helmet need not be worn in a vehicle cab or whilst in
the site canteen
Falling materials and objects can result in serious injuries.
Wearing a safety helmet reduces the risk of such injuries – it can
save your life.
Check your own helmet regularly for cracks, splits or any signs of
damage. If the helmet is damaged then replace it.
Adjust the internal harness to fit your head comfortably, firm
enough to prevent the helmet falling off.
Stickers and paint may damage your helmet – they can cause
the outer shell to weaken.
Strong sunlight may weaken your helmet. A helmet on the rear
parcel shelf of a car is not a good idea.
A helmet is for use on your head, do not use it as a storage point
for nails or screws. It is provided as protection from injury.
Tool Box Talk No 23 – Hand Care
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One of the most important factors is personal cleanliness.
An appropriate industrial skin protection cream should be used
unless gloves can be worn.
Wear gloves when there is a risk of a hand injury or when handling
rough/sharp/hazardous materials.
Cuts and punctures can turn septic – always get first aid promptly.
Change soiled dressings regularly.
Jewellery – especially rings – can be dangerous. Don’t wear them
at work.
Never remove guards from machinery.
Wash before eating – there may be harmful materials on your
hands.
Do not use solvent to clean your hands.
At the end of the working day, wash your hands thoroughly with
warm water and soap, or use a hand cleaner, rinse and dry well.
Remember, many materials used at work can cause dermatitis.
Clean habits prevent diseases.
Tool Box Talk No 24 – The Health & Safety Executive – Factory Inspectors
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The inspectors are responsible for enforcing the HASAWA 1974 and regulations.
They have certain powers to carry out their job, the power to enter any site or
premises, to close sites down, to take statements, photographs and records,
and to order that plant and equipment be tested.
If a rule is broken, they may issue a PROHIBITION NOTICE if they are of the
opinion that the circumstances present a serious risk to personal safety.
They may issue an IMPROVEMENT NOTICE if a specific rule or regulation has
been broken.
They may prosecute a person who contravenes a requirement or fails to comply
with a prohibition notice or an improvement notice (including an employee)
Successful prosecutions attract a maximum fine of £5,000 or 6 months
imprisonment. In 1992, penalties of £20,000 were introduced.
Presently, the largest fine recorded for breach of health and safety legislation is
£500,000.
The HSE are an advisory service to you on site in dealing with health and safety
concerns.
Tool Box Talk No 25 – Machinery Guarding
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Many serious accidents at work involve the use of machinery. Guards are
normally used to protect the operator from moving parts.
Four types of machinery injury:TRAPS
- Body or limbs get trapped in machine parts
CONTACT
- Contact with sharp or abrasive surfaces
ENTANGLEMENT- Entanglement of hair, ties, jewellery in rotating
machinery parts.
EJECTION
- Parts being thrown from the machine.
Machinery is only to be used by persons who are competent and who have been
trained in its use.
If any defects are noted these must be brought to the attention of your employer.
Faults can be rectified, injuries cannot.
Guards must never be removed at any time other than for maintenance. Then
and only then can guards be removed.
All machines must be switched off and / or disconnected to prevent accidental
starts.
Machinery safety can be achieved by eliminating the cause of the danger,
reducing the need to operate the machine at close range and making access to
parts difficult.
The last resort is to provide Personal Protective Equipment for use with
machinery, only if no other measures have been put in place, i.e. guarding.
Tool Box Talk No 25 – Machinery Guarding, Cont’d
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Goggles must be worn when using stihl saws
and abrasive wheels – this is a statutory
requirement.
Tool Box Talk No 26 – First Aid At Work
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A duty is placed on the employer to provide adequate first aid equipment and
facilities. He must appoint a sufficient number of trained persons to administer
first aid.
The employer must inform employees of first aid arrangements including the
location of equipment and personnel. If you do not know where these are, ask
your manager or supervisor.
First Aiders must have received training and hold a current first aid certificate
issued by an approved organisation, e.g. British Red Cross.
The numbers of first aiders required depends on the numbers of persons on a
site. Where 50 people are working, at least one first aider must be present.
Unless other arrangements have been made, each contractor or sub-contractor
on site will have to make their own provisions.
Every employer must provide one or more first aid boxes. They are found in
green boxes, usually with a white cross on the front. The container holds first aid
equipment and nothing else. The first aid box is located in the Site Managers
Office.
First aid certificates are valid for 3 years.
All accidents on site must be reported to the Site Manger. If first aid treatment is
required, a first aider can then give you treatment.
All accidents must be recorded in the accident book (yellow book – B1510) and
on the companies standard accident report form.
Tool Box Talk No 27 - Fire
The risk of fire during construction increases as more materials
are placed inside the structure. It is not unusual for fire damage
on a building site to exceed £250,000.
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Fire can be spread in four ways:CONDUCTION: Heat being transmitted from one place to
another.
CONVECTION: Heat rises and carries burning matter into
the air.
RADIATION:
Heat is transferred through a material,
igniting combustibles at a distance.
DIRECT BURN: Fire ignites combustibles close by.
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Fires must never be started on construction sites.
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Smoking is not allowed in offices, stores, canteen facilities and toilets. However,
a designated area must be allowed for smokers.
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Different types of extinguishers are available, these are colour coded on the
front of the extinguishers and are easily identifiable.
RED
- WATER
BLUE
- DRY POWDER
CREAM
- FOAM
BLACK
- CARBON DIOXIDE
Tool Box Talk No 27 – Fire, Cont’d
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If you are undertaking hot works on site you must obtain a
hot work permit from the Site Manager. If in doubt, contact
the Safety Dept’ for further information and advice.
Keep all emergency exits and emergency access corridors
clear.
Clear up waste after use – remember good housekeeping
will reduce the risk of fire.
In case of fire – no matter how small:
Raise the alarm
Call the fire brigade
Close all doors and windows to prevent fire spread
Evacuate the building
Await the arrival of the fire brigade
Do not re-enter the building unless authorised to do so.
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Familiarise yourself with on-site fire procedure – ask your
Site Manager for further information.
Tool Box Talk No 28 - Excavations
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Every year, on average, 7 people are killed when working in
excavations. Many others are seriously injured.
A relatively small collapse might involve 1m³ of soil:
Therefore 1m³ of soil = 1 tonne
Deep trenches look dangerous but most accidents take place in
trenches less than 2.5m deep.
Where a person can fall 1.5m or more, suitable barriers must be erected,
i.e. physical barrier. Less than 1.5m excavations must be protected by
netlon fencing. Barriers keep plant and materials away from edges of
trenches. They must be at least 1.20m from the edge.
Spoil heaps can serve as an effective barrier, as long as they are away
from the edge as excessive weight causes ground collapse.
Barriers may be removed to permit access of men, plant and equipment
but are to be replaced as soon as possible.
Where vehicles tip materials, well anchored stop-blocks are to be used.
Before entering an excavation, check for soil slip, that shoring is in place
and that it is safe to enter.
Ensure adequate access / egress is provided i.e. secure ladder.
Tool Box Talk No 29 - Electricity
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Always treat electrical installations and electricity with the utmost care and
attention – it is a potential killer.
Do not touch or work on electrical installations if not authorised to do so.
Only 110v equipment to be used on site.
Distribution cables must not cause a hazard at openings, corridors, stairs,
bottom of ladders – where possible, hang cables up out of the way.
Never allow unprotected or damaged cables to lie on the ground in wet
conditions of where they are prone to physical damage.
Ensure cables are protected from sharp edges, use packing for added
protection.
If plugs and connectors are damaged or split, they must be replaced by a
competent, trained person, i.e. an electrician.
Never improvise plugs or connections by using nails, matches, silver paper,
etc.
If leads are required to be made up, get an electrician to do it.
Ensure trailing leads are not cut or frayed, do not tape up broken cables –
replace and get them fixed.
Bound cables get hot, eventually causing fires – fires kill, don’t allow it.
Tool Box Talk No 30 – Hoists and Hoist Towers
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Hoists of various types are available in construction. They include: goods,
passengers, mobile and inclined hoists. They have become an essential part of
any construction operation.
All hoists must be erected by competent persons, fully aware of the legal
requirements. Special attention must be paid to ground conditions (support).
Hoist operators to be trained. They must ensure that the hoist is not
overloaded or abused in its use.
Every hoist must be free of defects, constructed of sound materials and strong
enough for the work intended. They must:- be kept in good condition
- be properly inspected and records kept
A hoist is only to be erected on a firm base. All support materials must be:
- strong enough for the work
- free from defects
All chains and ropes must be in good condition. They must be examined and
certified by a competent person.
Hoistways must be protected by a suitable enclosure at ground level to prevent
persons being struck by moving parts.
Access gates must be kept closed at all times. A LEGAL duty is placed on
persons to close the gates after use.
Tool Box Talk No 30 – Hoists and Hoist Towers, Cont’d
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The platform of goods hoist must carry a
notice stating:
- the safe working load
- that passengers must not ride on the hoist
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All loads must be secured to prevent any
part slipping or falling.
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All hoists must be tested and thoroughly
examined by a competent person before
use on site and at least every 6 months.
Tool Box Talk No 31 – Dust
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Dust in its many forms causes ill health in building and construction.
Dust is anything which forms a powder or cloud and is a nuisance.
Dusts include cement, silica, fillers, plastics, wood, etc.
Dust in confined spaces causes additional risk to health and there is
the potential risk of explosions.
Dust causes health problems from simple skin irritation to respiratory
problems, some types of cancer and nasal problems.
If you are unaware of a dust hazard created from a material, then ask
your supervisor to explain the risks via a COSHH assessment.
When creating a dust, wear protective equipment; goggles, gloves,
respiratory equipment.
Dust masks are freely available; if levels are high, change the masks
frequently. Use other forms of ventilation and ensure good ventilation.
Maintain a good level of personal hygiene, before and after work.
Wash your hands before eating, drinking or smoking.
Dust enters the body by inhalation or the nose and throat. Observe
good working practices to reduce the effects and damage of dust – in
its various forms!
Tool Box Talk No 32 – Plant and Equipment
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When plant is constantly moving on or around a site, pedestrians must be
aware of the routes a forklift or dumper must take.
On site, fixed routes and access points will be laid down to emphasise where
pedestrians only may go. They will be away from plant movement.
Only trained, certified persons (CPCS) may operate mechanical plant of any
type. If your mate asks you to move a piece of plant, don’t do it unless you
are trained to do so. The consequences could be disastrous.
Operatives must not ride on pieces of plant. This may only be done if there
is a seat or place provided for that purpose.
Persons must not remain on a vehicle being mechanically loaded with loose
material, unless adequate protection is provided.
If machines are left running for a short time, the handbrake must be applied
and the machine taken out of gear.
Before using a piece of plant or equipment, familiarise yourself with its
operation, where the controls are and what they do. Check for repairs or any
defects and report these to your employer.
Plant and Equipment must be regularly inspected and the results recorded in
the site register.
Plant movements should be co-ordinated by a trained and competent
banksman.
Tool Box Talk No 32 – Plant and Equipment, Cont’d
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If a driver cannot see you or your
workmates, get into a clear position where
you are not vulnerable or can come to
harm. Make sure the driver is aware of
your position at all times.
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Where plant travels near holes or
excavations, then these should be fenced
or guarded. Timber balks or sleepers may
be used to provide protection against wheel
slippage or vehicles running over the edge.
Tool Box Talk No 33 – Noise – It’s Health Effects On You
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Noise is unwanted sound. It comes from all different places (sources) –
portable tools, machines, compressors.
The extent of noise damage is related to the type of noise, loudness and
the amount of time exposed to it.
Noise is measured in decibels from 0 – 160 decibels. The higher the noise
level, the greater the damage on the human ear.
The human ear collects the noise and converts the vibrations into nerve
messages to the brain via the cochlea. The cochlea is a fluid filled tube
with thousands of tiny hairs which waft the noise exposure. The noise is
converted to electrical messages to the brain.
Excessive noise energy causes a protection reflex known as threshold
shift. It may last minutes or hours, slight deafness is typical.
Tinnitus is continual ringing in the ears resulting from intense noise
exposure and is often irreversible (i.e. no cure).
Presbycusis is hearing loss in old age (natural loss of hearing).
Every effort must be made to use the least noisy reasonably practicable
work methods.
All plant/equipment must be maintained sufficiently and used in such a way
as to keep noise levels as low as reasonably practicable.
Tool Box Talk NO 33 – Noise – It’s Health Effects On You, Cont’d
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All plant/equipment must be maintained
sufficiently and used in such a way as to keep
noise levels as low as reasonably practicable.
Wear ear protection if the noise is such that you
have to shout to someone 1m away to be heard.
Hands should be clean when handling ear
protection, only use disposable ear plugs once.
The sub-contractor must provide the Site
Manager with a copy of all appropriate noise
assessments made under the Noise At Work
Regs 1989.
Tool Box Talk No 34 – Working In Confined Spaces
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Every entry into a confined space is potentially hazardous. Entry may
only proceed if it is in accordance with a proper safe system of work
(permit to work).
Places which are known as confined spaces include chambers,
manholes, sewers, boilers, shafts, lofts etc.
Many dangers exist and these include oxygen deprivation or
suffocation. Air contains approximately 21% oxygen. At a level below
17% oxygen, breathing becomes difficult and death may occur. In
toxic atmospheres due to toxic (poisonous) gases, e.g. hydrogen
sulphide, carbon monoxide, and inflammable atmospheres, some
gases need only be present in small quantities, e.g. methane, white
spirit.
Prior to entry into a confined space, everyone must be aware of the
dangers that exist. There will be a need for a safe system of work and
the procedures in order to carry out the work safely.
Any person entering a confined space must be trained. The extent of
training needed will vary according to the circumstances.
Entry into a confined space must not be made unless a special gas
monitor is present to monitor gases in the space. If a danger, exists, an
alarm will sound.
Tool Box Talk No 34 – Working In confined Spaces, Cont’d
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For work to be done safely in a confined space, the use of Personal
Protective Equipment must be considered. This includes overalls,
respirators (not paper masks), gloves and wellingtons.
For work to be done safely in a confined space, great care has to be taken
over the detail of each step of the procedure. Common causes of
accidents are:Failure to set up a safe system of work
Failure to follow an established system of work
Incorrect use of respiratory equipment
Use of an incorrect type of respirator
Failure to use safety harness and lifelines
ill– conceived rescue attempts
If in doubt, ask your employer for help.
Remember, entry into a confined space is extremely dangerous, it requires
everyone’s involvement to ensure that procedures are followed.
Ensure Emergency procedures are in place prior to entry.