Swedish Style Guide Contents What’s New?.................................................................................................................................... 4 New Topics ................................................................................................................................... 4 Updated Topics ............................................................................................................................ 4 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 5 About This Style Guide ................................................................................................................ 5 Scope of This Document .............................................................................................................. 5 Style Guide Conventions .............................................................................................................. 5 Sample Text ................................................................................................................................. 6 Recommended Reference Material ............................................................................................. 7 Normative References .............................................................................................................. 7 Informative References ............................................................................................................. 7 Language Specific Conventions ...................................................................................................... 8 Country/Region Standards ........................................................................................................... 8 Characters ................................................................................................................................ 8 Date ........................................................................................................................................ 10 Time ........................................................................................................................................ 11 Numbers ................................................................................................................................. 13 Sorting ..................................................................................................................................... 18 Geopolitical Concerns ................................................................................................................ 21 Grammar, Syntax & Orthographic Conventions ......................................................................... 22 Adjectives ................................................................................................................................ 22 Articles .................................................................................................................................... 22 Capitalization .......................................................................................................................... 23 Compounds............................................................................................................................. 23 Gender .................................................................................................................................... 23 Genitive ................................................................................................................................... 24 Modifiers ................................................................................................................................. 24 Nouns ...................................................................................................................................... 24 Prepositions ............................................................................................................................ 26 Pronouns ................................................................................................................................. 27 Punctuation ............................................................................................................................. 27 Singular & Plural ..................................................................................................................... 31 Split Infinitive ........................................................................................................................... 32 Subjunctive ............................................................................................................................. 32 Symbols & Non-Breaking Spaces........................................................................................... 32 Syntax ..................................................................................................................................... 32 Verbs ....................................................................................................................................... 32 Word Order ............................................................................................................................. 33 Style and Tone Considerations .................................................................................................. 33 Audience ................................................................................................................................. 33 Style and tone ......................................................................................................................... 34 Voice ....................................................................................................................................... 34 Localization Guidelines .................................................................................................................. 35 General Considerations ............................................................................................................. 35 Abbreviations .......................................................................................................................... 36 Accessibility ............................................................................................................................ 36 Acronyms ................................................................................................................................ 37 Applications, Products, and Features ..................................................................................... 37 Frequent Errors ....................................................................................................................... 37 Glossaries ............................................................................................................................... 38 Fictitious Information ............................................................................................................... 38 Recurring Patterns .................................................................................................................. 38 Standardized Translations ...................................................................................................... 38 Unlocalized Items.................................................................................................................... 41 Using the Word Microsoft ....................................................................................................... 42 Software Considerations ............................................................................................................ 43 User Interface ......................................................................................................................... 43 Messages ................................................................................................................................ 49 Keys ........................................................................................................................................ 53 Document Translation Considerations ....................................................................................... 58 Titles ....................................................................................................................................... 58 Instructions and References ................................................................................................... 59 Copyright ................................................................................................................................. 60 What’s New? Last Updated: May 2011 New Topics The following topics were added: Language Specific Conventions, sections ―Country/Region Standards‖ and ―Geopolitical Concerns‖ Localization Guidelines, section ―General Considerations‖ Updated Topics The following topics were updated: All existing topics are now in English. Sample text is new. Recommended reference material has changed, especially regarding external references. Language Specific Conventions, sections ―Grammar, Syntax & Orthographic Conventions‖ and ―Style and Tone Considerations‖ have been re-worked with some new examples and some changes to guidelines Localization Guidelines, section ―Frequent Errors‖ has been expanded, and most of the rest have been re-structured. There are now considerably fewer specific instructions and examples. 4 Introduction This Style Guide went through major revision in February 2011 in order to remove outdated and unnecessary content. About This Style Guide The purpose of this Style Guide is to provide everybody involved in the localization of Swedish Microsoft products with Microsoft-specific linguistic guidelines and standard conventions that differ from or are more prescriptive than those found in language reference materials. These conventions have been adopted after considering context based on various needs, but above all, they are easy to follow and applicable for all types of software to be localized. The Style Guide covers the areas of formatting, grammatical conventions, as well as language style recommendations. It also presents the reader with a general idea of the reasoning behind the conventions. The present Style Guide is a revision of our previous Style Guide version with the intention of making it more standardized, more structured, and easier to use as a reference. The guidelines and conventions presented in this Style Guide are intended to help you localize Microsoft products and materials. We welcome your feedback, questions and concerns regarding the Style Guide. You can send us your feedback via the Microsoft Language Portal feedback page. Scope of This Document This Style Guide is intended for the localization professional working on Microsoft products. It is not intended to be a comprehensive coverage of all localization practices, but to highlight areas where Microsoft has preference or deviates from standard practices for Swedish localization. Style Guide Conventions In this document, a plus sign (+) before a translation example means that this is the recommended correct translation. A minus sign (-) is used for incorrect translation examples. In Microsoft localization context, the word term is used in a slightly untraditional sense, meaning the same as e.g. a segment in Trados. The distinguishing feature of a term here is that it is translated as one unit; it may be a traditional term (as used in terminology), a phrase, a sentence, or a paragraph. References to interface elements really only refer to translatable texts associated with those interface elements. Example translations in this document are only intended to illustrate the point in question. They are not a source of approved terminology. Always check for approved translation in the Microsoft terminology database. 5 Sample Text Hej Mårten, Jag skulle vilja att det bifogade materialet översändes till följande adress: F:a Låsar och Tänger Storgatan 1 123 45 Köpingestad Om det skulle vara några problem kan du ringa till Öje Westerblom på telefon 08-123 456 78. Jag vet att leverantören har haft vissa kvalitetsproblem tidigare, men de har lösts genom att de införskaffat en ny ackumulatorkvalificerare med tvärränder av zink. Den senaste leveransen har kontrollerats noga, och det ska inte finnas några luftblåsor, mikroskopiska sprickor eller andra defekter. Beträffande nästa projekt, får jag påminna om att skärtorsdagen är en helgdag i Norge. Vi kan därför inte räkna med leverans tidigare än tisdagen därefter. Lamporna kommer däremot att anlända tidigare än beräknat, förmodligen redan till veckoslutet. Hittills ligger vi strax under det belopp som budgeterades av kommunen den 23 maj i fjol. Entreprenadkostnaderna uppgår till 95 % av budgeterat belopp, medan materialkostnaderna ligger strax däröver. På det hela taget ser det ut som om allt går på räls. Vad gäller din fråga om nya ackumulatorer, så har jag fått ett svar från våra ingenjörer. De framhåller att de befintliga ackumulatorerna har en ekonomisk livslängd på trettio år, men att de nya typerna kan förväntas hålla minst dubbelt så länge. De rekommenderar införskaffande av den nya typen, förslagsvis någon av de nya modeller som Leif visade oss på Elmia Jordbruksutställning i våras. De är kompakta, så gott som bullerfria och åstadkommer i det närmaste ingenting, samtidigt som de tycks öka processernas effektivitet med åtskilliga grader. Det borde inte vara några problem att få dem att rymmas inom den tilldelade budgeten, samtidigt som de även kan användas för framtida projekt. Beslagen, däremot, finns det ingen anledning att lägga ut mera pengar på. Hittills har kontot dragit över med det dubbla, utan att vi har kunnat se några förbättringar över huvud taget. Med vänlig hälsning Oskar Öhrn Source: Swedish MILS Skapades 2011-02-03 kl 13.36 6 Recommended Reference Material Use the Swedish language and terminology as described and used in the following publications. Normative References These normative sources must be adhered to. Any deviation from them automatically fails a string in most cases. When more than one solution is allowed in these sources, look for the recommended one in other parts of the Style Guide. 1. Svenska Akademiens ordlista över svenska språket (Norstedts). Use the latest edition. 2. Svenska skrivregler (Språkrådet). Use the latest edition. 3. Svenskt språkbruk (Språkrådet/Norstedts) 4. Svensk ordbok utgiven av Svenska Akademien Informative References These sources are meant to provide supplementary information, background, comparison, etc. 1. Svenska datatermgruppen. Recommendations on how computer terms should be handled in Swedish. http://www.nada.kth.se/dataterm 2. IDG/Computer Sweden. Glossary with explanations of computer terms in Swedish. http://cstjanster.idg.se/sprakwebben/ord.asp 3. Rikstermbanken. Swedish terminology collection. http://www.rikstermbanken.se 4. Språkrådet. General information on how to write correctly in the Swedish language. http://www.sprakradet.se 7 Language Specific Conventions This part of the style guide contains information about standards specific to Swedish. Country/Region Standards Characters Country/region Sweden Lower-case characters a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, I, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z, å, ä, ö Upper-case characters A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z, Å, Ä, Ö Characters in caseless scripts n/a Extended Latin characters Å, å, Ä, ä, Ö, ö Note on alphabetical order Alphabetical order is not necessarily indicative of sorting order. Total number of characters 29 Unicode codes Char Hexadecimal a 0061 A 0041 b 0062 B 0042 c 0063 C 0043 d 0064 D 0044 e 0065 E 0045 f 0066 F 0046 g 0067 G 0047 h 0068 H 0048 8 Country/region Sweden i 0069 I 0049 j 006A J 004A k 006B K 004B l 006C L 004C m 006D M 004D n 006E N 004E o 006F O 004F p 0070 P 0050 q 0071 Q 0051 r 0072 R 0052 s 0073 S 0053 t 0074 T 0054 u 0075 U 0055 v 0076 V 0056 w 0077 W 0057 x 0078 X 0058 y 0079 Y 0059 9 Country/region Sweden Notes z 007A Z 005A å 00E5 Å 00C5 ä 00E4 Ä 00C4 ö 00F6 Ö 00D6 n/a Date Country/region Sweden Calendar/Era Gregorian First Day of the Week Monday First Week of the Year 1 Separator Hyphen (-) for short format or slash (/) and space for long format Default Short Date Format yyyy-MM-dd Example 2011-03-17 Default Long Date Format d/M yyyy Example 17/3 2011 Additional Short Date Format 1 n/a Example n/a Additional Short Date Format 2 n/a Example n/a Additional Long Date Format 1 Alphanumeric format: article dd MMMM yyyy Example den 17 mars 2011 10 Country/region Sweden Additional Long Date Format 2 Alphanumeric format: dd MMMM yyyy Example 17 mars 2011 Leading Zero in Day Field for Short Date Format Yes Leading Zero in Month Field for Short Date Format Yes No. of digits for year for Short Day Format 4 Leading Zero in Day Field for Long Date Format No Leading Zero in Month Field for Long Date Format No Number of digits for year for Long Date Format 4 Date Format for Correspondence yyyy-MM-dd Example 2011-03-17 Notes n/a d is for day, number of d's indicates the format (d = digits without leading zero, dd = digits with leading zero, ddd = the abbreviated day name, dddd = full day name) Abbreviations in Format Codes M is for month, number of M's gives number of digits. (M = digits without leading zero, MM = digits with leading zero, MMM = the abbreviated name, MMMM = full name) y is for year, number of y's gives number of digits (yy = two digits, yyyy = four digits) Time Country/region Sweden 24 hour format Yes Standard time format HH.mm.ss, HH:mm:ss 11 Country/region Sweden Standard time format example 09.05.10; 09:05:10 Time separator . (period) or : (colon) Time separator examples 9.05; 09:05 Hours leading zero Either with or without. Both are correct. Hours leading zero example 9.05, 09.05, 9:05, 09:05 String for AM designator (fm) String for PM designator (em) Notes Both . and : are correct separators. As the 24-hour format is the standard, ―fm‖ and ―em‖ are not normally used. Days Country/region: Sweden Day Normal Form Abbreviation Monday måndag mån Tuesday tisdag tis Wednesday onsdag ons Thursday torsdag tor Friday fredag fre Saturday lördag lör Sunday söndag sön First Day of Week: måndag Is first letter capitalized?: No Notes: Names of days are not capitalized unless they are the first word of a sentence in running text. 12 Months Country/region: Sweden Month Full Form Abbreviated Form Long Date Form January januari jan januari February februari feb februari March mars mar mars April april apr april May maj maj maj June juni jun juni July juli jul juli August augusti aug augusti September september sep september October oktober okt oktober November november nov november December december dec december Is first letter capitalized?: No Notes: Names of months are only capitalized if they are the first word of a sentence in running text. Numbers Digits or letters? Use digits when writing numbers in reference to headlines, sections, figures and pages. kapitel 9 avsnitt 3 figur 1 If digits are used on screen, they should be used in documentation as well. dokument 2 regel 8 kolumn 30 13 Use digits in measurements and times, percentages, currency amounts and street numbers. 3,5 tum 360 kB från kl 16.30 till 17.00 600 kronor Storgatan 8 Otherwise, follow this rule: Use letters for: numbers between 0 and 20 tens and hundreds Use digits for: Numbers above 20 In coordinated phrases where one part has digits Examples: De fyra dokument du arbetade med senast visas längst ned på menyn. Ett kalkylblad är ett rektangulärt rutnät som består av 256 kolumner och 16 384 rader. Antalet poster kan variera mellan 2 och 99. Phone Numbers Country/ region International Dialing Code Area Codes Used? Number of Digits – Area Codes Separator Number of Digits – Domestic Digit Groupings – Domestic Sweden 00 + country code Yes Two to four Hyphen (-) Seven to eleven, including area code ###-## ## ##, ###-### ## ##, ###-### ### ## Country/ region Number of Digits – Local Digit Groupings – Local Number of Digits – Mobile Digit Groupings – Mobile Number of Digits – International Digit Groupings – International Sweden Five to eight ### ##, ## ## ##, ### ## ##, ### ### ## Eight to ten, including prefix ###-## ## ##, ####-## ## ## Eleven to seventeen ####-(0)##-### ## ## 14 Notes: The international dialing code (00) is often replaced with a +. The leading zero of area codes/mobile prefix is usually placed within parentheses for international numbers, to indicate that the zero should not be dialed from abroad. Addresses Country/region: Sweden Disclaimer: Please note that the information in this entry should under no circumstances be used in examples as fictitious information. Address Format: Firstname Lastname Address line 1 Address line 2 Postal code City Country Example Address: Anna Jansson c/o Lindgren Storgatan 15 123 45 Lillköping Sverige Local Postal Code Format: Swedish postal codes have the format ### ## (123 45) for domestic use, and the format S-### ## (S-123 45) for international use. Notes: n/a Currency Country/region Sweden Currency Name krona Currency Symbol No currency symbol. ISO currency code SEK is used. Currency Symbol Position The currency code, SEK, is placed before the amount in tables and lists, and after the amount in running text. In running text, the name of the currency could also be used, depending on the type of text. Positive Currency Format SEK 55 555,00 55 555 SEK 55 555 kronor 15 Negative Sign Symbol SEK -55 555 Negative Currency Format (55 555 kr) Decimal Symbol Comma Number of Digits after Decimal Two Digit Grouping Symbol (Space) Number of Digits in Digit Grouping Two to three Positive Currency Example SEK 55 555,00 Negative Currency Example SEK -55 555,00 ISO Currency Code SEK Currency Subunit Name öre Currency Subunit Symbol n/a Currency Subunit Example n/a Digit Groups Country/region: Sweden Decimal Separator: , Decimal Separator Description: Comma Decimal Separator Example: 123,00 Thousand Separator: [Space] Thousand Separator Description: Space Thousand Separator Example: 12 000 Notes: n/a Measurement Units Metric System Commonly Used?: Yes Temperature: Celsius Category English Translation Abbreviation Linear Measure Kilometer kilometer km Meter meter m 16 Category Capacity Mass English Units of Measurement English Translation Abbreviation Decimeter decimeter dm Centimeter centimeter cm Millimeter millimeter mm Hectoliter hektoliter hl Liter liter l (or L), see Notes Deciliter deciliter dl Centiliter centiliter cl Milliliter milliliter ml Ton ton ton Kilogram kilo kg Pound pund pound Gram gram gram Decigram decigram dg Centigram centigram cg Milligram milligram mg Inch tum n/a Feet fot n/a Mile mile n/a Gallon gallon n/a Notes: The abbreviation for ―liter‖ can be either ―l‖ or ―L‖ – capital L can be used to avoid ambiguity. Do not use the symbol " for inches. Write the word tum instead. ―Decigram‖ and ―centigram‖ are always comprehensible in SI, but almost never used. Percentages Always use digits for percentages rather than letters. A space should be added between the number and the percent symbol (25 %). 17 Sorting 1. Capital letters and lowercase letters are equivalents. No distinction is made between them. 2. The characters Æ, æ, Ø, ø and Ü, ü (not used in Swedish but may come up in German or Swedish examples or words imported from these languages) are sorted as variants of Ä,ä (Æ, æ), Ö, ö (Ø, ø) and Y, y (Ü, ü). Sorting rules Character sorting order 3. Other accented characters are equivalents of the non-accented characters (é is the equivalent of e). 4. Non-alphabetical characters (i.e. symbols like @ ! #) are sorted before the letters of the alphabet. 5. Digits are sorted after the non-alphabetical characters but before the letters of the alphabet. Char Decimal a 97 A 65 b 98 B 66 c 99 C 67 d 100 D 68 e 101 E 69 f 102 F 70 g 103 G 71 h 104 H 72 i 105 I 73 j 106 J 74 k 107 K 75 l 108 L 76 m 109 18 Examples of sorted words M 77 n 110 N 78 o 111 O 79 p 112 P 80 q 113 Q 81 r 114 R 82 s 115 S 83 t 116 T 84 u 117 U 85 v 118 V 86 w 119 W 87 x 120 X 88 y 121 Y 89 z 122 Z 90 å 229 Å 197 ä 228 Ä 196 ö 246 Ö 214 @ 1 Aaron 19 andere chaque chemin cote côté coté côte čučēt Czech hiša irdisch lie lire llama lõug lòza luč luck Lübeck lye lävi Löwen màšta mîr myndig Männer Möchten piña pint pylon šàran savoir Šerbūra Sietla ślub subtle symbol sämtlich verkehrt 20 vox väga waffle wood yen yuan yucca ţal ţena Ţenēva zoo Zviedrija Zürich zysk årtull ändere ärta öken öring Geopolitical Concerns Part of the cultural adaptation of the US-product to a specific market is the resolving of geopolitical issues. While the US-product should have been designed and developed with neutrality and a global audience in mind, the localized product should respond to the particular situation that applies within the target country/region. Sensitive issues or issues that might potentially be offensive to the users in the target country/region may occur in any of the following: Maps Flags Country/region, city and language names Art and graphics Cultural content, such as encyclopedia content and other text where historical or political references may occur Some of these issues are relatively easy to verify and resolve: the objective should be for the localizer to always have the most current information available. Maps and other graphic representations of countries/regions and regions should be checked for accuracy and existing political restrictions. Country/region, city and language names change on a regular basis and need to be checked, even if previously approved. A thorough understanding of the culture of the target market is required for checking the appropriateness of cultural content, clip art and other visual representations of religious symbols, body and hand gestures. 21 Guideline As country/region and city names can change, please use the most up-to-date Swedish list for every release of your product. In doubt, you can consult the website of the Foreign Office, www.ud.se. Grammar, Syntax & Orthographic Conventions This section includes information on how to apply the general rules of the Swedish language to Microsoft products and documentation. Adjectives Adjective inflection Generally for software translation: If the adjective refers to several nouns of different genders, please use the neutrum form (nytt, allmänt). For other translations, please use the correct form in front of the appropriate word (du skapar ett nytt dokument eller en ny mall genom att…) Do not use masculine forms of adjectives. They have no place in modern Swedish. Unlike many other languages, Swedish defaults to feminine, and if an adjective can refer to either male or female persons, the feminine form must be used, unconditionally. There are extremely few instances where Microsoft texts refer exclusively to male persons, and using the feminine form is still correct in these cases. Example: (–) (+) Skicka ett brev till den anställde Skicka ett brev till den anställda Possessive adjectives This section does not apply to Swedish. Articles This section does not apply to Swedish. Unlocalized Feature Names Microsoft product names and non-translated feature names are used without definite or indefinite articles in the English language. Localized Feature Names Translated feature names are treated like any ordinary word. Example: Du kan stänga dialogrutan Scenariohanteraren eller lämna den öppen om du vill fortsätta din analys. 22 Articles for English Borrowed Terms When faced with an English loan word not previously used in Microsoft products, consider the following options: Motivation: Does the English word have any formally motivated features that would allow a straightforward integration into the noun class system of the Swedish language? Analogy: Is there an equivalent Swedish term whose article could be used? Frequency: Is the term used in other technical documentation? If so, what article is used most often? The internet may be a helpful reference here. Capitalization Use standard Swedish rules for capitalization. When the source has initial capitals, only use capital for the first word in the sentence. Note that although Swedish does not capitalize days, months, languages or nationalities, they should still have capitals if they appear ―standalone‖. I.e., a ―vertical‖ list of weekdays would normally read Måndag Tisdag Onsdag… while a regular enumeration would look like Måndag, tisdag, onsdag… Compounds Generally, compounds should be clear and intelligible to the user. Overly long or complex compounds should be avoided. Keep in mind that unintuitive compounds are ultimately an intelligibility and usability issue. See the section on Nouns below. Gender Pay attention to gender inflection when translating adjectives in software. If an adjective refers to several nouns of different genders, or if you don’t have the context, please use the neutrum form (nytt, allmänt). Do not use the male gender for adjectives. For e.g. ―Dear customer‖, always use ―Bästa kund‖, never ―Bäste kund‖. Similarly, some nouns have masculine forms. Always use the feminine form. 23 Example: (–) (+) Skicka ett brev till den anställde Skicka ett brev till den anställda Genitive Attaching a genitive "s" to (trademarked) product names is not feasible, as it could be interpreted as a modification of such names. Rewrite instead. Do not use (the English) apostrophe for Swedish genitive forms! Colon should be used before the genitive "s" in acronyms (―FN:s generalförsamling‖). Modifiers This section does not apply to Swedish. Nouns Compounds Compound nouns are an important part of the Swedish language and they must be used correctly. Do not split Swedish compound nouns in accordance with the English pattern! There are differences in both intonation and meaning between ‖grön sak‖ and ‖grönsak‖, or ―felsäkring‖ and ―fel säkring‖. Here are some general rules for compound nouns. Split compounds Do not split compounds in Swedish: US Swedish user interface användargränssnitt category axis kategoriaxel spreadsheet functions kalkylbladsfunktioner standard sender address standardavsändaradress Compounds consisting of more than three nouns are cumbersome. Try to use a different sentence structure instead. 24 Compounds with names A compound with a name as its first part should have initial capital. Windows-program Falutrakten Some nouns have masculine forms, but always use the feminine form. (–) (+) Skicka ett brev till den anställde Skicka ett brev till den anställda Inflection Avoid the construction called ‖efterställd bestämning‖. While correct in speech, where emphasis adds clarity, it creates ambiguities or errors in writing. Example: (–) (+) Välj alternativet du vill använda Välj det alternativ som du vill använda Plural Formation Swedish plurals have no easily distinguishable pattern. Example: Ärta – ärtor Stol – stolar Bord – bord Flygel – flyglar Mus – möss Snöre – snören Rätt – rätter Where English uses a ‖singular(plural)‖ construction, Swedish uses only the plural. Example: Click the item(s) you want to delete. (–) (–) (+) Klicka på den eller de poster du vill ta bort. Klicka på post(erna) du vill ta bort. Klicka på de poster du vill ta bort. 25 Prepositions Pay attention to the correct use of the preposition in translations. Verb Preposition phrase installera på en dator på en hårddisk i ett nätverk Spara på hårddisken på ett USB-minne på en enhet i en mapp i X-format klicka/skriva på en ikon på kommandoraden på ett objekt på en arbetsyta på en knapp på en meny på en mapp på en snabbmeny på en panel på en flik i ett fält i ett block i en ruta i ett fönster i ett kalkylblad i Aktivitetsfältet i verktygsfältet logga in i ett program i en domän i ett nätverk 26 Verb Preposition phrase på en dator Trycka på en tangent välja på en meny på Kontrollpanelen på en palett i en lista Pronouns Possessive pronouns ‖Your‖ and ‖yours‖ should often be left out of the translation. Use the definite form of the noun instead. (–) (+) There are two buttons on your screen. Det finns två knappar på din skärm. Det finns två knappar på skärmen. (–) (+) Your computer, your customers, your backup din dator, dina kunder, din säkerhetskopia datorn, kunderna, säkerhetskopian Demonstrative pronouns Avoid dialect forms: (–) + Kör agenterna på denna servern Kör agenterna på denna server/den här servern Punctuation For general punctuation rules, please see Språkrådets skrivregler. 27 Comma Comma is used to facilitate reading and make the text clear. Always use comma in the following cases: Between principal clauses unless they are very short (less than four words). Note that imperative clauses, questions and exclamations are principal clauses as well. Öppna källfilen i det program som den är skapad i, och markera den information du vill länka. Use comma before and after an inserted clause or phrase. Datorhandböcker, i synnerhet amerikanska, är ofta onödigt pratiga. I den nya versionen av XXX kan du snabbt och lätt rita flera olika typer av objekt, t.ex. linjer, bågar och kvadrater, med knapparna i verktygsfälten. Use comma after long subordinate clauses only if it facilitates reading. Short subordinate clauses do not need comma even if a comma is used in the English original. Om du känner till grunderna i MS-DOS kan du hoppa över kapitel 2. Use comma as a delimiter in enumerations containing more than two phrases or items. Ange namn, adress, telefonnummer och e-postadress Note that comma is still sometimes used in American texts before the ‖and‖ or ‖or‖ preceding the last item in an enumeration. This is never used in Swedish and should be deleted from the translation. Comma is always used as a decimal character in Swedish, whereas English uses a period. Exception: Period should be used for product version numbers: Microsoft Systems Management Server 2.0 Colon Use colon in ordinals (22:a, 34:e, 77:e). Use colon before examples and instructions. If the text following the colon starts a new line or is a complete sentence, the first word should be capitalized. Example: I det här kapitlet beskrivs hur du kan: Kontrollera stavning. Använda synonymordboken. 28 Colon is used for plural, definite and genitive forms of acronyms. Example: CD:n IBM:s Dashes and Hyphens Two different kinds of dash characters are used in Swedish: hyphen (bindestreck, -) and en dash (tankstreck, – ). Hyphen The hyphen (-) is used to divide words between syllables at line breaks, or to link parts of certain compound words. It’s also used as the minus sign. Hyphen is generally not used in compound words, but there are some exceptions. Where needed for clarity: icke-rökare When the first part is a product or brand name: Microsoft-produkter Word-dokument When the first part is an acronym: CAD-system When one of the parts is a word from another language: standard-gateway If you are unsure, please consult SAOL. If the word is listed there it is considered to be Swedish, and no hyphen should be used (for instance, ―live‖ in ―liveljud‖ or ―copyright‖ in ―copyrighttext‖). When the first part is a number: 25-procentig 29 Hyphen is used in reference to menus in Microsoft UI: Arkiv-menyn Start-menyn Hjälp-menyn Hyphen is used in coordinated constructions where one part of a compound noun is left out. The hyphen marks the left-out part of the word. The coordinated words or phrases must be of the same type: (–) grund- och avancerad version (+) grundversion och avancerad version (+) maskin- och programvara Use a hard hyphen (CTRL+SHIFT+HYPHEN(-)) to avoid line breaks in a compound (e.g. MS-DOS, 2-årig, 2011-12-31). En Dash En dash can be used instead of parentheses or commas around inserted clauses or phrases. Use the en dash (ANSI 0150) with space before and after. Note that English uses en dash more frequently than Swedish, so use the en dash sparingly in the Swedish translation. En dash is also used in number ranges, such as those specifying page numbers. No spaces are used around the en dash in this case: sid 114–120 Em Dash Em dash (—) is not used in Swedish. Ellipses (Suspension Points) Use ellipsis ( … ) sparingly in running text. A space should be added between the text and the ellipsis (så här …) The ellipsis used in menu options, on buttons etc. in UI is usually removed in UI references in Swedish documentation. (–) Klicka på Spara … (+) Klicka på Spara 30 Period Abbreviations Period is used in Swedish abbreviations. t.ex. m.m. Version numbers Use period, not comma, in product version numbers. Microsoft Systems Management Server 2.0 UI options – no period Period is never used in options and checkboxes . Wizards and sample documents For instructions in wizards and sample documents, use periods as used in normal text. Quotation Marks In Swedish, the following quotation marks are used: (‖ ‖) or (" "). Do not use American (― ‖) or other quotation marks in Swedish text. Do not use straight quotes (") to denote inches. Write ―tum‖ instead. In US text, you may find UI references enclosed in quotation marks. Remove them in the Swedish translation. Parentheses Parentheses are used for explanatory examples and to explain abbreviations or acronyms. I stället för att skriva filnamnstillägget kan du använda jokertecknet (*). LAN (Local Area Network). There is no space between the parentheses and the text inside them. Singular & Plural This section does not apply to Swedish. 31 Split Infinitive This section does not apply to Swedish. Subjunctive This section does not apply to Swedish. Symbols & Non-Breaking Spaces Symbols and characters Swedish normally does not use symbols other than the % sign. The # and & symbols common in American texts should be treated as the words ―number‖ and ―and‖, respectively. Logical and mathematical operators are used the same way as in English. Non-breaking spaces Use non-breaking spaces (Ctrl+Shift+spacebar) when space is used as a delimiter to avoid line breaks in e.g. amounts and telephone numbers. Syntax This section does not apply to Swedish. Verbs Verbs with two forms Some Swedish verbs have two forms, a long form and a shorter form. Always use the shorter form: (–) bliva, draga, giva, taga, skall, angiva, användes, sändes (+) bli, dra, ge, ta, ska, ange, används, sänds Noun or verb? Noun constructions give the text an unnecessarily formal feel and sometimes make it harder to understand. Use verb constructions instead. (–) Om du har för avsikt att … (+) Om du vill … (–) Du har möjlighet att … (–) X ger dig möjlighet att … 32 (+) Du kan … (–) Vid installationen av X … (+) När du installerar X … (+) När X installeras … Tense Future: Avoid using kommer att and use present tense instead. (–) (+) Om du väljer ett otillåtet kommando kommer en ljudsignal att avges. Om du väljer ett otillåtet kommando avges en ljudsignal. In rare situations, using future tense can clarify the temporal sequence, and may then be used. Perfect tense often works better in Swedish where the US source uses past tense: (–) (+) Om du gjorde ändringar i dokumentet sedan du sist sparade det... Om du har gjort ändringar i dokumentet sedan du sist sparade det... Word Order This section does not apply to Swedish. Style and Tone Considerations This section focuses on higher-level considerations for audience, style, tone, and voice. Audience Consider the target audience and adjust the language accordingly. Is it a reference guide for engineers? Is it a user’s guide? Can you reasonably expect the audience to be familiar with concepts and terminology? When translating user guides or help texts, do not overestimate the user’s knowledge. If the source text is complex, try to clarify and make it easy to understand. Re-structure sentences and replace stilted or formal noun phrases with verb phrases. Do not underestimate the user’s intelligence. Avoid too detailed explanations and avoid repetition. (–) (+) Det går lätt att lära sig att använda program XXX. Du kan gå igenom självstudiekursen på en dag. Om du föredrar att dela upp inlärningen på någon timme per dag under en vecka går det också bra. Ett praktiskt sätt att lära sig programmet XXX är att gå igenom självstudiekursen. Räkna med att det tar ungefär 8 timmar. 33 Style and tone Style and tone should be informal but not colloquial. (–) Om du har för avsikt att installera … (+) Om du vill installera … Avoid using colloquial forms of pronouns and adverbs: (–) dom, mej, dej, sej, sen, nån, nåt, nånting (+) de, dem, mig, dig, sig, sedan, någon, något, någonting "Såsom" is more formal than "t.ex.". Please use "t.ex." or ―till exempel‖. Voice Use ‖du‖ – with a lowercase d – when addressing the user directly, in instructions in particular. Avoid using the impersonal ‖man‖. (–) Om man vill använda Windows Självstudier behöver man en mus och en VGA-skärm. (+) Om du vill använda Windows Självstudier behöver du en mus och en VGA-skärm. English Translation You are now connected to the Internet. (+) Nu är du ansluten till Internet. 34 Localization Guidelines This section contains guidelines for localization into Swedish. General Considerations For the reader to fully grasp the contents of the source text, it is normally necessary to adapt the text to local circumstances. Examples in the U.S. software and manuals often deal with specifically American phenomena which are not readily understandable to a Swedish audience. You must relocate an example about Washington to Stockholm, Bill should rather be called Erik, we do not know the rules of baseball but we know the rules of bandy, nobody celebrates Thanksgiving but we do celebrate St. Lucia. Dollar amounts can simply be referred to as amounts in SEK (it is rarely, if ever, necessary to recalculate the amounts for a certain exchange rate). Names and concepts should be neutral and common. Avoid using humor. Very few things are universally funny, and it is very likely that someone will be offended. Controversial and sensitive subjects should be avoided. In particular, Microsoft products must never implicate discrimination or other derogatory treatment of any group, based on ethnicity, gender or otherwise. In general, avoid any of the following topics: Death, famine, social classes, poverty, politics, ideologies, religion, stereotypes and current affairs. Examples containing any form of directories regarding persons will normally have to be adapted, since European law is much more restrictive than U.S. law. In Sweden, it is strictly prohibited for any business, authority or other organization to register persons without obtaining special dispensation. However, since obtaining this is usually only a formality, we can use very general directories in examples. As a general rule, an organization can register such objective data that the operations of the organization requires. A company can have the following information in an employee directory: Name Address Phone number Title Position Employee no. Civic registration numbers (‖personnummer‖) are perceived as negative by many users. Consequently, we never use them in examples. Use customer numbers, account numbers or similar. Directories containing ‖soft data‖ (subjective data) require special dispensation from Datainspektionen. Their contents will normally be regarded as violating privacy. We never use these in examples. Soft data is e.g. opinions, evaluations and information having no relevance for the organization or person keeping the directory: Religion Party affiliation Psychological profile Hobbies Favorite candy City of birth 35 If an example or any other text might violate Swedish law, you should re-work it so that the legality is not in doubt. Should this prove difficult, please contact your Microsoft PM. In rare cases, the function of the software itself might violate Swedish law, especially as regards what type of data the user can register about persons. You must contact your Microsoft PM immediately if you should discover such a case. Abbreviations Common Abbreviations You might need to abbreviate some words in the UI (mainly buttons or options names) due to lack of space. This should be avoided, and if necessary, a bug logged. List of common abbreviations: Expression Acceptable Abbreviation bland annat bl.a. med mera m.m. det vill saga d.v.s. fortsättning forts. från och med fr.o.m. gånger ggr jämför jfr till och med t.o.m. och så vidare o.s.v. på grund av p.g.a. respektive resp. till exempel t.ex. Don’t use ―etc.‖. Use the Swedish equivalent, ―o.s.v.‖. Accessibility This section does not apply to Swedish. 36 Acronyms Acronyms are words made up of the initial letters of major parts of a compound term. Some well-known examples are WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get), OLE (Object Linking and Embedding), or RAM (Random Access Memory). We normally do not localize computer related acronyms. Localized Acronyms This section does not apply to Swedish. Unlocalized Acronyms Unlocalized acronyms should be explained the first time they appear in the text. Example: OLE (Object Linking and Embedding, länkning och inbäddning av objekt) Applications, Products, and Features Application/product names are often trademarked or may be trademarked in the future and are therefore rarely translated. Occasionally, feature names are trademarked, too (e.g. IntelliSense™). Before translating any application, product, or feature name, please verify that it is in fact translatable and not protected in any way. Frequent Errors There are some errors that are frequently found in localized products. Refer to this section for guidelines. Organize, indicate, list The verbs organize, indicate and list are often translated incorrectly. Naturally, the translation depends on the context, but this is a guideline: Verb Correct Swedish translation Exception organize ordna If it refers to project organization, etc. indicate ange list visa en lista över räkna upp 37 Application Should very nearly always be translated as program, in rare cases as tillämpning. Never use applikation—it is an art form. Custom Look out for the word custom! The translation is context dependent. Some correct translations are egen, anpassad and användardefinierad. Ensure consistency between documentation and software. Disable Disable can be translated in a variety of ways: inaktivera, spärra, stänga av. Disk Swedish uses several different words for the English disk. Consider what it means in context – skiva, disk, CD? Exception In a software context, ―exception‖ means ―error‖. In error messages, ―exception‖ should very nearly always be translated as ―fel‖. Prompt The English word prompt can be prompt, uppmaning, uppmana or ledtext in Swedish. Most commonly, it is some kind of command prompt. Glossaries Use SAOL as standard reference. Fictitious Information Fictitious content is legally sensitive material and as such cannot be handled as a pure terminology or localization issue. Vendors and Localizers are not allowed to create their own fictitious names. Use the source names. Recurring Patterns See the Instructions and References section. Standardized Translations Some standardized translations used in Swedish documentation. 38 English Swedish All rights reserved. Med ensamrätt. Appendix (Appendices) Bilaga (Bilagor) Chapter Kapitel Contents, Table of Innehåll (continued) (forts) Copyright Copyright Example Exempel Figure Bild Index Index Introduction Introduktion Part No. Artikelnr (note that no period should be used) Preface Förord See/See also Se/Se även Table Tabell Version Version X for Windows X för Windows Standardized document titles English Swedish Getting Started Komma igång Installation Guide Installationshandbok Learning Guide Övningsbok Network Administrator’s Guide Nätverkshandbok Pocket Guide Lathund Quick Reference Card Referenskort Quick Reference Guide Snabbreferens Reference Guide Referenshandbok Roadmap Vägvisare 39 English Swedish Sampler Idébok User’s Guide Användarhandbok User’s Reference Guide Användarhandbok There are a number of other standardized translations mentioned in all sections of this Style Guide. In order to find them more easily, the most relevant topics and sections are compiled here for your reference. Measurement Units User Interface Standard Phrases in Messages 40 Standard Shortcut Keys Unlocalized Items Trademarked names and the name Microsoft Corporation shouldn’t be localized. A list of Microsoft trademarks is available for your reference at the following location: http://www.microsoft.com/trademarks/t-mark/names.htm. 41 Using the Word Microsoft Do not use MS as an abbreviation for Microsoft. The figure above shows correct treatment of the word. 42 Software Considerations This section refers to all menus, menu items, commands, buttons, check boxes, etc., which should be consistently translated in the localized product. Refer to http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/aa511258.aspx for a detailed explanation of the Windows user interface guidelines (English). User Interface Dialogs, menus, and other interface items Swedish uses the same structure as English for interface elements. Most words are either nouns or verbs in the infinitive. 43 Use the correct names for all user interface elements. 44 In particular, ―kombinationsruta‖ is difficult to translate, as the source is often inconsistent. English Swedish Combo box Kombinationsruta Drop-down box (−) Nedrullningsbar listruta (+) Kombinationsruta List box Listruta Standard translations English Swedish Abort Avbryt Back Föregående (general, wizards), Bakåt (tool bar button in e.g. Internet Explorer). Cancel Avbryt Clear Rensa (sometimes Radera) Close Stäng Delete Ta bort, Radera Delete Item Ta bort objekt, Ta bort Details Information Done Klar (Avoid Färdig, OK) Empty Töm Exit Avsluta Finish Slutför Ignore Ignorera Redo Gör om (Avoid Upprepa, which is used for Repeat) Remove Ta bort 45 English Swedish Repeat Upprepa Restart (Restart system, Restart Windows) Starta om (Starta om datorn, Starta om Windows) Restore Återställ, Återställning Resume Fortsätt Retry Försök igen Stop Stoppa, Avbryt, Stanna (in order of priority) Start Start (button in Windows task bar), Starta (general) Context sensitive strings English Swedish (desc) description, descending – beskrivning, fallande None Inget, Ingen, Inga (If you can’t find the context, or if the adjective refers to several nouns, please use Inget) by vid, av, klockan var, varje, intervall every Example: Sample data every… = Använd följande intervall: Refresh every 5 minutes = Uppdatera var 5:e minut every time you start X = varje gång X startas File Arkiv (menu name, menu item) Avoid: Fil (on its own as a menu item. “Fil” can be used in other contexts.) Home Startsida, hemsida, bostad minute(s) minut, minuter Example: var 5:e minut det tar 5 minuter New Ny, Nytt (If you are not sure about the context, use Nytt.) Preview Förhandsgranska, Förhandsgranskning, Exempel (Use Exempel only when the user can actually see an 46 English Swedish example in the dialog box.) second andra, sekund area område, yta (as in work area) nederkant bottom Avoid: underkant capture skicka (when used as a verb) Example: Capture file to printer = Skicka filen till skrivaren Capture data to server = Skicka data till servern Other possible translations: spela in, fånga in, avbilda The noun has several other possible translations. Example: video capture device = videokamera (NetMeeting), videoinspelningsenhet (Windows) capture file = inspelningsfil column kolumn, spalt, stapel copy exemplar, kopia (use kopia only when copy explicitly refers to e.g. a copied document) country code landskod (SIS code), landsnummer (46 for Sweden) custom anpassad, egen (use egen only in contexts where anpassad does not work). deploy distribuera, implementera (MSN products), installera disk CD, DVD, hårddisk, disk Example: Disk configuration = Hårddiskkonfiguration Total disk space required: = Nödvändigt diskutrymme: (If you are not sure whether the referred item is a disk, a CD-ROM or a DVD, use the most general translation: disk) item objekt, post, element, Outlook-objekt Example: Selected items only = Endast markerade objekt List box item = Element i listruta Get the following items = Hämta följande poster 47 English Swedish last förra, sista, senaste, senast, efternamn migrate migrera Avoid: överföra offline i frånkopplat läge (in connection with a verb) offline (general) Example: Arbeta i frånkopplat läge offlinemappar outline disposition (refer to the contents of a text or a text outline) ram, kontur (as a layout term) qualifier kvalificerare Avoid: operation operatör identifierartyp identifierare Other possible translations: text qualifier = textavgränsare remote fjärrOther possible translations: extern Example: remote access = fjärranslutning remote computer = fjärrdator remote stream = extern ström request begäran, begära reset starta om, återställ Example: starta om datorn; återställ alla värden site web site = webbplats, site = kontor SQL Server, Exchange Server Sometimes it refers to the product itself and should be left in English. Other times it refers to servers of that type and should be localized to SQL-server or Exchange-server. 48 English Swedish start start, starta (also see Start as a button in the previous table) Other possible translations: inledning, börja Example: Start service = Starta tjänsten Start with page: = Börja med sidan: style stil, format, formatmall task aktivitet (Windows, Project), uppgift (Outlook, Exchange) title rubrik (refers to a text heading) titel, benämning (used about people or jobs(for example a job title)) namn Example: Page title = Sidrubrik Job title = Titel (Publisher) Presentation title = Presentationens namn (PowerPoint) Title bar = Namnlist CD Rom title = Namn på CD:n top margin toppmarginal (in a text document, this refers to the distance from the first line of text to the top of the page) Avoid: överkant Messages Swedish messages differ in style from US messages. Avoid personification of computers, applications or features, and use complete sentences if possible. (–) (+) Installationsprogrammet installerar Microsoft <programnamn> på din dator. Microsoft <programnamn> installeras på datorn. Typically, commands and menu items should be nouns or infinitives in Swedish. 49 ToolTips should be identical to the commands or buttons they represent. This is sometimes difficult due to length restrictions, but try to be as close as possible. Status Messages What is a Status Bar Message? A status bar message is an informational message about the active document or a selected command as well as about any active or selected interface item. Messages are shown in the status bar at the bottom of the window when the user has chosen a menu, a command or any other item, or has started a function. The status bar messages refer to actions being performed or already complete (for example in Outlook below). Style in Swedish Status Bar Messages In English, the status bar messages have different forms dependent on the information they must convey. In Swedish, menu and commands status bar messages should follow the format below. Name Edit Swedish Name Redigera Copy to Folder... Kopiera till mapp … New Nytt Category English Status Bar message Swedish Status Bar message menu Contains editing commands Innehåller redigeringskommandon menu Copies the selected items to a new location Kopierar markerade objekt till en annan plats command Creates a new document Skapar ett nytt dokument Make object visible? Gör objektet synligt? Word is converting the document. Press Esc to stop. Dokumentet konverteras. Tryck på Esc om du vill avbryta. Data View Data-vy Done Klar 50 The importance of standardization In the US product you can often find messages that are phrased differently even though they have the same meaning. Try to avoid this in the localized Swedish version. Use one standard translation as in the examples below: English term Correct Swedish translation Press F1 to get Help Tryck på F1 om du vill ha hjälp If you want Help press F1 To get Help press F1 Not enough memory Otillräckligt minne Insufficient memory There is not enough memory Save changes to %1? Vill du spara ändringarna i %1? Do you want to save changes to %1? Error Messages What Is An Error Message? Here is an example: Error messages are messages sent by the system or a program, informing the user that there is an error that must be corrected in order for the program to keep running. For example, the messages can prompt the user to take an action or inform the user of an error that requires rebooting the computer. Swedish Style in Error Messages It is important to use consistent terminology and language style in the localized error messages, and not just translate as they appear in the US product. Swedish error messages differ in style from US error messages. Avoid personification of the computer, system or application, and use complete sentences if possible. 51 This operation is irreversible. Continue? (–) Denna åtgärd kan inte ångras. Fortsätta? (+) Det går inte att ångra den här åtgärden. Vill du fortsätta? Standard Phrases in Messages When translating standard phrases, standardize. Note that sometimes the US uses different forms to express the same thing. Examples: English Cannot … Could not … Translation Example Det går inte att … Det gick inte att … Det går inte att överföra filen. Det gick inte att överföra filen. … kunde inte … Comment Filen kunde inte överföras. Failed to … Failure of … Det gick inte att… … misslyckades. Det gick inte att upprätta anslutningen. Anslutningen misslyckades. Anslutningen kunde inte upprättas. Cannot find … Could not find … Unable to find … Det går inte att hitta… Det gick inte att hitta… …finns inte Det går inte att hitta filen. Det gick inte att hitta filen. Filen finns inte. Otillräckligt minne Det finns inte tillräckligt med minne Otillräckligt minne Det finns inte tillräckligt med minne (för att spara filen). Unable to locate … Not enough memory Insufficient memory There is not enough memory There is not enough memory available ... is not available … är inte tillgänglig(t) ... is unavailable … kan inte användas Servern är inte tillgänglig. Alternativet är inte 52 English Translation Example Comment tillgängligt. Alternativet kan inte användas. Welcome to Microsoft programnamn Setup. Welcome – programnamn Setup. Välkommen till installationsprogrammet för Microsoft programnamn. ‖Programnamn‖ is usually a variable like ‖%1‖. See the next section. Error Messages Containing Placeholders When localizing error messages containing placeholders, try to find out what will replace the placeholder. This is necessary for the sentence to be grammatically correct when the placeholder is replaced with a word or phrase. Note that the letters used in placeholders convey a specific meaning, see examples below: %d, %ld, %u, and %lu means <number> %c means <letter> %s means <string> Examples of error messages containing placeholders: "Checking Web %1!d! of %2!d!" means "Checking Web <number> of <number>". "INI file "%1!-.200s!" section" means "INI file "<string>" section". Pay attention to inflection etc. so the translated sentence is congruent, consistent and grammatically correct. Keys The keyboard is the primary input device used for text input in Microsoft Windows. For accessibility and efficiency, most actions can be performed using the keyboard as well. While working with Microsoft software, you use keys, key combinations and key sequences. References to key names, like arrow keys, function keys and numeric keys, appear in normal text (not bolded). Keys with names that appear on the actual keyboard (Alt, PgDn, PgUp, Ctrl …) are written with initial capital in the same way as they appear on the keyboard. 53 Access Keys/Hot keys Sometimes, there are underlined or highlighted letters in menu options, commands or dialog boxes. These letters refer to access keys (also known as hot keys) that allow you to run commands, perform tasks, etc. more quickly. If possible, the access keys should be unique for the menu, dialog, etc. where they appear (i.e. avoid duplicate access keys within a menu, etc.). Hot Key Special Options Usage: Is It Allowed? "Slim characters", such as I, l, t, r, f can be used as hot key Yes Characters with downstrokes, such as g, j, y, p and q can be used as hotkeys Yes Extended characters can be used as hotkeys Yes An additional letter, appearing between brackets after item name, can be used as hotkeys Yes A number, appearing between brackets after item name, can be used as hotkey Yes A punctuation sign, appearing between brackets after item name, No Notes Avoid if possible, but these characters can be used if necessary (when there are no other ―free‖ characters to be used) 54 Hot Key Special Options Usage: Is It Allowed? Notes Yes Should be avoided as far as possible. can be used as hotkey Duplicate hotkeys are allowed when no other character is available No hotkey is assigned when no more Yes characters are available (minor options only) Additional notes: n/a Arrow Keys The arrow keys move input focus among the controls within a group. Pressing the right arrow key moves input focus to the next control in tab order, whereas pressing the left arrow moves input focus to the previous control. Home, End, Up, and Down also have their expected behavior within a group. Users can't navigate out of a control group using arrow keys. The arrow keys are referred to as uppil, nedpil, högerpil, vänsterpil and collectively as piltangenterna, without initial capital. Numeric Keypad It is recommended that you avoid distinguishing numeric keypad keys from the other keys, unless it is required by a given application. In case it is not obvious which keys are to be pressed, provide necessary explanations. Shortcut Keys Shortcut keys are keystrokes or combinations of keystrokes used to perform defined functions in a software application. Shortcut keys replace menu commands and are sometimes given next to the command they represent. In opposition to the access keys, which can be used only when available on the screen, shortcut keys can be used even when they are not accessible on the screen. Most shortcut keys stay the same in Swedish – only three are localized. Refer to the table below. If the Swedish Shortcut Key column is empty, Swedish uses the same shortcut as English. 55 Standard Shortcut Keys US Command US English Shortcut Key Swedish Command Swedish Shortcut Key General Windows Shortcut keys Help window F1 Hjälpfönster F1 Context-sensitive Help Shift+F1 Sammanhangsberoende hjälp Shift+F1 Display pop-up menu Shift+F10 Visa snabbmeny Shift+F10 Cancel Esc Avbryt Esc Activate\Deactivate menu bar mode F10 Aktivera/inaktivera menyradsläge F10 Switch to the next primary application Alt+Tab Växla till nästa huvudprogram Alt+Tab Display next window Alt+Esc Visa nästa fönster Alt+Esc Display pop-up menu for the window Alt+Spacebar Visa snabbmeny för fönstret Alt+Spacebar Display pop-up menu for the active child window Alt+- Visa snabbmeny för aktiv underordnad Alt+- Display property sheet for current selection Alt+Enter Visa egenskaper för markering Alt+Enter Close active application window Alt+F4 Stäng aktivt programfönster Alt+F4 Switch to next window within (modelesscompliant) application Alt+F6 Växla till nästa fönster i programmet Alt+F6 Capture active window image to the Clipboard Alt+Prnt Scrn Avbilda aktivt fönster till Urklipp Alt+Prnt Scrn Capture desktop image to the Clipboard Prnt Scrn Avbilda skrivbordet till Urklipp Prnt Scrn Access Start button in taskbar Ctrl+Esc Öppna Start i aktivitetsfältet Ctrl+Esc Display next child window Ctrl+F6 Visa nästa underordnade fönster Ctrl+F6 Display next tabbed pane Ctrl+Tab Visa nästa ruta i tabbordningen Ctrl+Tab 56 US Command US English Shortcut Key Launch Task Manager and system initialization Ctrl+Shift+Esc Swedish Command Swedish Shortcut Key Starta Aktivitetshanteraren och systemstart Ctrl+Shift+Esc File Menu File New Ctrl+N Arkiv Nytt Ctrl+N File Open Ctrl+O Arkiv Öppna Ctrl+O File Close Ctrl+F4 Arkiv Stäng Ctrl+F4 File Save Ctrl+S Arkiv Spara Ctrl+S File Save as F12 Arkiv Spara som F12 File Print Preview Ctrl+F2 Arkiv Förhandsgranska Ctrl+F2 File Print Ctrl+P Arkiv Skriv ut Ctrl+P File Exit Alt+F4 Arkiv Avsluta Alt+F4 Edit Menu Edit Undo Ctrl+Z Redigera Ångra Ctrl+Z Edit Repeat Ctrl+Y Redigera Upprepa Ctrl+Y Edit Cut Ctrl+X Redigera Klipp ut Ctrl+X Edit Copy Ctrl+C Redigera Kopiera Ctrl+C Edit Paste Ctrl+V Redigera Klistra in Ctrl+V Edit Delete Ctrl+Backspace Redigera Ta bort Ctrl+Backspace Edit Select All Ctrl+A Redigera Markera alla Ctrl+A Edit Find Ctrl+F Redigera Sök Ctrl+B Edit Replace Ctrl+H Redigera Ersätt Ctrl+H Edit Go To Ctrl+G Redigera Gå till Ctrl+G Help Menu Help F1 Hjälp F1 Font Format Italic Ctrl+I Kursiv Ctrl-K Bold Ctrl+B Fet Ctrl+F Underlined\Word underline Ctrl+U Understruket/Ordunderstrykning Ctrl+U 57 US Command US English Shortcut Key Swedish Command Swedish Shortcut Key Large caps Ctrl+Shift+A Versaler Ctrl+Shift+A Small caps Ctrl+Shift+K Kapitäler Ctrl+Shift+K Paragraph Format Centered Ctrl+E Centrerat Ctrl+E Left aligned Ctrl+L Vänsterjusterat Ctrl+L Right aligned Ctrl+R Högerjusterat Ctrl+R Justified Ctrl+J Justerat Ctrl+J Document Translation Considerations Document localization may require some specific considerations that are different from software localization. This section covers a few of these areas. Titles In English the titles for chapters usually begin with "How to …" or with phrases such as "Working with …" or "Using …". Use the following guidelines for the Swedish version of Microsoft documentation. Use the infinitive form of verbs without the infinitive marker att: (–) (+) Opening a document Att öppna ett dokument Öppna dokument For nouns in documentation headings (not chapter titles), use the same form (singular or plural) as in the source text. (+) Add comments to a PowerPoint Presentation Lägga till kommentarer i en PowerPoint-presentation (+) Copy a style to another document Kopiera en formatmall till ett annat dokument Before direct instructions, on the lowest heading level, use the form Så här … (+) Så här sparar du en fil 58 Instructions and References Direct instructions Use the imperative form for direct instructions. When possible, place the imperative up front. (–) Du väljer Klistra in genom att klicka på kommandot på Redigera-menyn. Om du vill ändra den befintliga rubriken, skriver du in en ny i rutan ‖Rubrik‖. (+) Välj Klistra in genom att klicka på kommandot på Redigera-menyn. Skriv in en ny rubrik i rutan ‖Rubrik‖, om du vill ändra den befintliga. ”To” clauses A commonly used construction in US user guides etc. is a clause starting with To … followed by an imperative. This needs a different structure in Swedish. Do not translate to with för att in these cases. (–) To create a new document... För att skapa ett nytt dokument, välj Nytt på Arkiv-menyn. Välj Nytt på Arkiv-menyn för att skapa ett nytt dokument. (+) Välj Nytt på Arkiv-menyn när du vill skapa ett nytt dokument. Skapa ett nytt dokument genom att välja Nytt på Arkiv-menyn. Conditional subordinate clauses are easier to understand when they start with om instead of a verb, and when the verb in the principal clause is in the present tense. (–) Select New on the File menu to create a new document. Vill du skapa ett nytt dokument väljer du Nytt på Arkiv-menyn. Om du vill skapa ett nytt dokument, välj Nytt på Arkiv-menyn. (+) Om du vill skapa ett nytt dokument väljer du Nytt på Arkiv-menyn. Exception: 1. If an action is required rather than optional, do not use the above pattern. För att usually works better in these cases. (–) You have to activate the program to use the feature in full interactive mode. Du måste aktivera programmet om du vill använda funktionen i fullständigt interaktivt läge. 59 (+) Du måste aktivera programmet för att kunna använda funktionen i fullständigt interaktivt läge. Copyright Copyright protection is granted to any original work of authorship fixed in any tangible medium of expression from which it can be perceived, reproduced, or communicated. This applies also to translations. Note that lyrics, poetry, prose excerpts, etc. cannot be used without permission until 70 years after the death of the author or translator. 60