‫אוקטובר ‪2014‬‬
‫סוגי אירועים של איכות חשמל‬
Power Quality Event Types
Supply Voltage Phenomenon
Measurement Duration Order of Magnitude
Frequency
Seconds
Slow voltage changes
Minutes
Sag (Dip)
Half Cycle
Interruption (Short/Long)
Half Cycle
Temporary over-voltage (swell)
Half Cycle
Transient over-voltage
Tens of microseconds
Voltage unbalance
Minutes
Harmonic voltage
Seconds/minutes
Harmonic current
Seconds/minutes
‫הגדרת משך ועומק האירוע‬
Duration and Value of Event
VRMS
110%×VN
VNOMINAL
90%×VN
Duration
Value
5%×VN
Time
‫סיווג אירועים לפי תקן‬
EN50160:2010
Event Classification
‫הצגת אירועים וספים לפי התקנים‬
CBEMA/ITIC, SEMI F-47 and others: Event and Levels Plot
Sag/Swell Chart
Duration (seconds)
The Full Range of Electricity Management Solutions for Every Application
ExpertPower™ Server
(Service Edition)
PAS
ExpertPower™
Server (Pro Edition)
Internet
LAN
ETC2002
RS232/422/485, Profibus, TCP/IP,
Dialup modem, GPRS, RF, USB
EM132/3
PM130 PLUS
PM135
Modbus RTU, ASCII, DNP3.0, Modbus/TCP,
DNP3/TCP, Profibus, IEC 61850, IEC 60870
BFM136
PM172
PM174/5
Asset Management
EM920
PM180
ezPAC
Substation Automation
Power Measurement
Fault Recording
Energy Efficiency & Cost Allocation
Revenue Metering
Energy Management & Billing
Smart Grid & Demand Response
Power Quality Analysis
Multi-Tenant Submetering
COMMERCIAL & INDUSTRIAL
EM720
ALL
UTILITIES & RENEWABLE
PM130, PM135 and EM133


Multifunctional 3-Phase Smart Meter
More than 120 monitored parameters
-
16 control set points, thresholds and delays
–
One cycle calculation
-
Standard 2DI/1DO (EM133), Optional 4DI/2DO,
12DI/4DO or 4 AO
Billing/TOU Revenue Energy Meter
Class 0.5S precision

Harmonic Analyzer
–

Programmable Logic Controller
–
–


THD, TDD, up to 40th harmonics (incl. angles)
Real-time Waveform Capture
–
128 samples/cycle

Event and Data Recording
–
Min/Max log with time stamp
–
Over 90 days history storage
Real Time Clock
 Built-in RS-485 port plus optional
RS-485/422/232, Ethernet, Profibus,
RF or GPRS communication
‫מחזור החישוב‬
Measurement Period
PAS-‫הגדרת אירועים ב‬
PAS Setpoint Setup
≥120%
≥110%
End of Swell
End of Sag/Interruption
≤5%
≤40%
≤50%
≤70%
≤80%
≤90%
PAS-‫הגדרת שמירת נתונים ב‬
PAS Datalog Setup
‫תרשים בדיקה‬
Test Scheme
Volts, Currents
PM135
UUT ‫מכשיר נבדק‬
Setup
Data
Volts, Currents
OMICRON CMC 256
Setup
Data
Data
PM180
‫ מכשיר בקרה‬Control
PAS
Test Voltage ‫מתח בדיקה‬
Event Net
Duration,
plus 40ms
ramp
up/down
Event
Level
0.40
115%
0.60
115%
0.20
124%
0.80
3%
11.00
85%
7.00
85%
2.00
85%
0.60
75%
0.40
75%
0.20
65%
0.40
45%
0.20
45%
0.02
65%
0.02
85%
‫ייבוא הנתונים באקסל‬
Data Import to Excel
‫ניתוח הנתונים באקסל‬
Data Analysis
Cell Column
Formula
L3
M3
N3
O3
P3
Q3
R3
TIMEVALUE(MID(B3,10,9))+1/24/60/60/1000*VALUE(RIGHT(B3,3))
IF(OR(C2=3,C2=5),L3,M2)
IF(OR(C2=3,C2=5),MAX(E3,F3,G3),MAX(E3,F3,G3,N2))
IF(OR(C2=3,C2=5),MIN(E3,F3,G3),MIN(E3,F3,G3,O2))
IF(R3<>"",(L3-M3)*60*60*24,0)
IF(R3="Swell",N3/230,IF(R3="",0,O3/230))
IF(AND(C2>=1,C2<=2,C3=3),"Swell",IF(AND(C2>=7,C2<=11,C3=5),"Sag",IF(AND(C2=6,C3=5),"Interruption","")
Time
Start Time
V Max
V Min
Duration
Value
Event
EN 50160:2010
‫גרף אירועים‬
Sag/Swell Chart
Duration (seconds)
Event Net
Duration
(plus 40ms
ramp up/down)
PM135
PM180
0.40
0.44
0.439
0.60
0.64
0.20
Measured Duration
Measured Level
Event
Level
PM135
PM180
115%
112%
115%
0.640
115%
112%
115%
0.24
0.260
124%
124%
124%
0.80
0.88
0.879
3%
3%
3%
11.00
11.04
11.037
85%
88%
85%
7.00
7.04
7.037
85%
89%
85%
2.00
2.04
2.029
85%
89%
85%
0.60
0.64
0.660
75%
75%
75%
0.40
0.44
0.460
75%
75%
75%
0.20
0.24
0.259
65%
65%
65%
0.40
0.48
0.460
45%
45%
45%
0.20
0.28
0.260
45%
45%
45%
0.02
0.06
0.080
65%
65%
65%
0.02
0.06
0.050
85%
89%
85%
‫השוואת‬
‫אירועים‬
Event
Comparison
:‫מסקנות‬
‫ כל האירועים זוהו‬.1
‫ אי דיוקים קלים בזמן‬.2
)‫ועומק האירועים (צפוי‬
‫ סיווג אירועים מדויק‬.3
)‫(ע"פ התקנים השונים‬
Conclusions:
1. All events were detected
2. Small duration and
values inaccuracies
(expected)
3. Correct event
classifications (according
to various standards)
‫פרמטרים נוספים אפשריים‬
Additional PQ Parameters
Supply Voltage Phenomenon
Measurement
Duration Order of
Magnitude
Detectable using
suggested technique
(limitations applies)
Frequency
Seconds

Slow voltage changes
Minutes

Sag/Dip
10 milliseconds

Interruption (Short/Long)
10 milliseconds

Temporary over-voltage (swell)
10 milliseconds

Transient over-voltage
Tens of microseconds

Voltage unbalance
Minutes

Harmonic voltage
Seconds/minutes
Partial
Harmonic current
Seconds/minutes
Partial
‫המגבלות‬
Limitations
Limitations of the Technology:
 One cycle measurement
 Data logging on threshold crossing
only
Implications:
 Duration Measurement Accuracy
(mainly for statistics)
 Value Measurement Accuracy
(used for event source analysis)
 Missing Short Events (including
single cycle events)
:‫המגבלות הטכנולוגיות‬
‫ מדידה כל מחזור‬
‫ רישום נתונים בעת מעבר הסף בלבד‬
:‫המשמעות היישומיות‬
‫ דיוק מדידת משך האירוע (בעיקר‬
)‫לצרכי סטטיסטיקה‬
‫ דיוק מדידת הערך (מסייע בניתוח‬
)‫מקור האירוע‬
‫ אי איתור אירועים קצרים (לרבות‬
)‫באורך מחזור‬
‫השוואת מכשירים‬
Device Comparison
Data Logs Measurement Waveform Log RMS Plot Power Quality
PM130P, PM135P, EM132

PM130/5 E/EH, PM135E/EH, EM133

BFM136

PM172P

PM172E/EH

PM175, PM180, EM720, EM920, ezPAC

1 cycle
1 cycle


No


Basic
1 cycle
1 cycle


Limited


No
1 cycle
½ cycle


Advanced


Complete
Case Study
 GlobalFoundaries, the second
largest foundry in the world
 All four fabs in Singapore use
approx. 2200 EM133, PM130 and
PM135 to monitor energy
efficiency and voltage dips
Typical Use of the
Integral PLC Logic
Phase drop; phase unbalance
Phase sequence error
Overload protection; Load Shedding
Temporary Over Voltage
Voltage Sags
High Current Harmonics
Low Frequency
High Frequency
High Voltage Harmonics
Reverse Power flow Protection
94 Selectable
Parameters
Value
Threshold
Time Delays 20 Selectable
Actions
Fault
Warning
Hi Average Voltage
Low Power Factor Alarm
Unbalance inefficiency
High Neutral Current (safety, efficiency)
Efficiency
‫סיכום‬
Summary
 It is possible to detect power
quality issues using power
meters only, providing they
have fast and large set point
capabilities
 The method allows wide
implementation for single
loads and secondary MCCs
 In primary MCCs, important
secondary MCCs and sensitive
sites – a Power Quality
Analyzer is required
‫ ניתן לאתר בעיות של איכות‬
‫חשמל ע"י שימוש במכשירי‬
‫ בתנאי שהם‬,‫מדידה בלבד‬
‫כוללים מערכת ספים מהירה‬
‫ומקיפה‬
‫ השיטה מאפשרת יישום רחב‬
‫לעומסים בודדים ולוחות משנה‬
‫ לוחות משנה‬,‫ בלוחות ראשיים‬
‫חשובים ואתרים רגישים – יש‬
‫להתקין נתחי איכות חשמל‬
SATEC
Empowering the Smart Grid
www.satec-global.com