Lecture Part I: Christology
Jintae Kim, PhD
Alliance Theological Seminary
Nyack, NY 10960
(845) 353-2020
E-mail: Jintae.kim@nyack.edu
Website: http://all4jesus.net
Trinitarian Unity in Salvation
Person
God the Father
God the Son
Ministry
Creation and Providence (창조
와 섭리)
Redemption
(구속사역)
God the Holy Spirit Application of the Redemptive
Work (구속사역의 적용)
Divine Self-consciousness of
Jesus
1. Problem: Not explicit or overt claim, but implicit
Claims
2. The Son of man passages: The Son of man and his
angels (Matt13:41); Authority to forgive sins
(Mark 2:5-7); Final judge (Matt 25:31-33; 26:6364); The Lord of Sabbath (Mark 2:27-28)
3. The Son of God passages (John 5:18, 21; 19:7;
20:31)
4. Unity with God (John 10:30; 14:9; 20:28-29
Other Evidences for Jesus’
Deity
1. John (1:1)
2. Hebrews (1:3, 8, 10; cf. Ps 45:6; 102:25-27)
3. Paul (Col 1:15-16; 2:9; 2 Tim 4:1; Phil 2:6)
4. The Term “Lord” (Acts 2:2-21; 2 Pet 3:15;
cf. Matt 1:20; 9:38; 11:25; Acts 17:24; Rev
4:11)
5. Resurrection
Implication of the Deity of
Christ (Erickson, 213)

We can have a real knowledge of God.
 Redemption is available to us.
 God and humanity have been reunited.
 Worship of Christ is appropriate.
Biblical Evidence of
Humanity of Christ
1. Physical human nature (Luke 2:52; Matt
4:2; John 4:2, 6; 19:34). 인간의 육신.
2. Psychological human nature (John 11:3335; 13:23; 15:11; 17:13; Matt 26:37; Mark
3:5; 10:14; Luke 7:9; Mark 6:6; 15:34) 인간
의 정신.
3 Views on the Meaning of Virgin
Birth (Erickson, 228-30)
Approach from
Content
Incarnation
Indispensable to the incarnation.
(성육신)
Redemption
(구속사역)
Indispensable to the sinlessness
of Jesus.
Divinity of Christ Not necessary for Christ to be
God, but it was necessary
(신성)
epistemologically in order for us
to know that he is God.
3 Views on the Meaning of Virgin
Birth (Erickson, 228-30)
Approach from
Content
Incarnation
하나님이 친히 성육신하기
(성육신)
위해서는 필수조건이다.
죄없는 희생물이 되기
위해서는 아담의 죄성을 타고
나지 않아야 한다.
Divinity of Christ 성육신이나 무죄하심과 상관
(신성)
은 없으나 예수님의 신성을 더
깨닫게 한다.
Redemption
(구속사역)
Implication of Humanity of Jesus
(Erickson, 231-32)
1. The atoning death of Jesus can truly avail for us.
2. Jesus can truly sympathize with and intercede for
us (Heb 4:15).
3. Jesus manifests the true nature of humanity.
4. Jesus can be our example.
5. Human nature is good.
6. God is not totally transcendent. He is not so far
removed from the human race.
Biblical Evidence for the Unity
of the Person of Christ
Category
Content
Scripture
Person
Always refers John 1:14; Gal 4:4; 1Tim
to one entity 3:16
Ministry
Of One
Person
1John 2:1-2; 4:15; 5:5;
Col 1:13; John 3:13; 6:62
Hypostatic Union

The doctrine of the hypostatic union, first set forth
officially in the definition of faith produced by the
Council of Chalcedon (451), concerns the union of
the two natures of deity and humanity in the one
hypostasis or person of Jesus Christ. In the
incarnation of the Son of God, a human nature was
inseparably united forever with the divine nature
in the one person of Jesus Christ, yet with the two
natures remaining distinct, wholly, and
unchanged, without mixture or confusion so that
the one person, Jesus Christ, is truly God and truly
man.
Basic Tenets of the Doctrine of
Two Natures in One Person
(Erickson, 237-40)
1. The incarnation was more a gaining of
human attributes than a giving up of divine
attributes. 성육신시 예수님은 신성을
버리셨다기보다는 인성을 덧입으셨다.
2. The union of the two natures meant that
they did not function independently. 신성과
인성이 연합했다는 말은 두 가지 속성이
독립적으로 역사하지 않았다는 말이다.
3. The humanity of Christ is a true humanity that we
must have had. Christ is the true human, while we
are of depraved human. 예수님의 인성은 아담이
타락하기 전의 온전한 인성이다.
4. The incarnation was not an impossible task
because it was initiated by God. 전능하신
하나님이시기에 성육신도 가능한 것이다.
5. It is also helpful to think of Jesus as a very
complex person. 예수님에 대해 너무 쉽게
이해하려 하지 마라.
The Stages of Christ’s Work
1. Humiliation 낮아지심:
Incarnation (John 1:14; Phil 2:6-8; Gal 4:4)
 Death *Descent into Hades (Ps 16:10; Eph
4:8-10; 1Tim 3:16; 1Pet 3:18-19; 4:4-6)
2. Exaltation 높아지심:
Resurrection Ascension and Session at the
Right Hand of the Father (John 6:62; 14:2; 16:5,
10, 28; 20:17; Luke 24:50-51; Acts 1:6-11; Eph
1:20; 4:8-10; 1Tim 3:16; Heb 1:3; 4:14; 9:24)
 Second Coming.
The Functions of Christ
(Calvin)
1. The Revelatory (Prophetic) Role of Christ
하나님이 누구신지 우리에게 계시 (Matt 13:52;
21:11, 46; Luke 24:19; John 1:8; 6:14; 7:40; 14:9;
Acts 3:22 ; cf. Deut 18:15).
2. The Kingly Role of Christ 왕으로 다스리심 (Heb
1:8; John 1:3; Col 1:17, 18; cf. Isa 9:7)
3. The Reconciling (Priestly) Work of Christ
하나님과의 관계를 회복시키시고 우리를 위해
중보하심: Atonement and Intercession.
Views on the Atonement
Theory
Content
Socinian Theory
Example – denied vicarious satisfaction (cf. 1Pet
2:21).
Moral Influence
Theory
Demonstration of God’s Love – denied for necessity
of atoning sacrifice – Peter Abelard; Horace Bushnell.
Governmental
Theory
Demonstration of Divine Justice – Hugo Grotius.
Ransom Theory
Victory over the Forces of Sin and Evil (1Cor 6:20;
Matt 20;28) – Origen, Irenaeus, Gregory of Nissa,
Augustine.
Satisfaction
Theory
Compensation to the Father – Anselm
Background Factors of
Atonement (Erickson, 257-58)
1. Divine nature: Perfect and holy 완전하고 거룩
2. Legal status: Sin  Death 죄의 삯은 사망
 Human condition: Total depravity or inability 인간
의 전적 타락
3. Christ as God-man (Gal 4:4-5)
4. 예표: The OT Sacrificial System (Lev 1:4; Isa
53:6) 구약의 제사제도.

“Such passages as Hebrews 1:1-3; 2:9-18; 9:914; 22-28 teach very plainly that the efficacy
of Christ’ work is contingent upon the unique
constitution of Christ’ person…. It is this
consideration that gives such strength to the
necessity, spoken of in 9:23, to the effect that
while the patterns of things in the heavenlies
should be purified with the blood of goats and
calves, the heavenly things themselves should
be purified by the blood of none other than the
Son.

In other words, there is stated to be a
necessity that can be met by nothing less
than the blood of Jesus. But the blood of
Jesus is blood that has the requisite efficacy
and virtue only by reason of the fact that he
who is the Son, the effulgency of the
Father’s glory and the express image of his
substance, became himself also partaker of
flesh and blood and thus was able by one
sacrifice to perfect all those who are
sanctified” (Murrary 1955: 14).
NT Teachings on Atonement

Gospels (John 1:29; 3:17; Luke 22:37; Matt
16:21; 20:28)
 Pauline (Rom 3:25; 5:9; Eph 1:7; Col 1:20)
Basic Meaning of Atonement
(261-63)
Meaning
Sacrifice
Explanation
Atoning sacrifice
Propitiation Appease the wrath
of God- Angry
God?
Substitution Christ died for our
sins.
Reconcilia- Ended the enmity
tion
between God and
Scripture
Heb 9:11-12, 28
Rom 1:18; 4:15;
5:9; Eph 2:3-5;
1Thes 1:10
Gal 3:13; 1Pet
2:24; 1Tim 2:6;
cf. Isa 53:6
Rom 11:15; 3:25;
5:10-11
Basic Meaning of Atonement
Meaning
Sacrifice
Explanation
속죄제물
Propitiation 하나님의 진노를
만족- Angry God?
Scripture
Heb 9:11-12, 28
Rom 1:18; 4:15;
5:9; Eph 2:3-5;
1Thes 1:10
Substitution 대속. 우리의 죄가 Gal 3:13; 1Pet
그리스도에게 전가 2:24; 1Tim 2:6;
cf. Isa 53:6
됨.
Reconcilia- 하나님과의 화목을 Rom 11:15; 3:25;
tion
5:10-11
가져다 줌.
Objections to the Penal Substitution
Theory (Erickson, 263-64)
1. To the concept of the necessity of atonement: Why
doesn’t God simply forgive man? 왜 성가시게 속
죄가 필요한가?
2. To the concept of substitution: Is it fair? 불공평하
지 않은가? 왜 죄없는 자가 죄인의 죄를 덮어쓰
는가?
3. To the concept of propitiation: How can the loving
God be angry? 사랑의 하나님과 진노의 하나님?
4. To the concept of imputation of Christ’s
righteousness 그리스도의 의가 어떻게 우리에게
전가될 수 있는가? 말이 안된다.
Implication of Substitutionary
Atonement (Erickson, 264-65)
1. It confirms the biblical teaching of the total
depravity of all humans. 인간은 완전타락한
존재이므로 스스로 구원할 수 없다.
2. God’s nature is not one-sided, nor is there any
tension between its different aspects. He is not
only righteous and holy, but also loving and
merciful. 하나님은 의로우실 뿐 아니라 또한
사랑과 긍휼의 하나님이시다. 이 두 성품간에
모순은 존재하지 않는다.
3. There is no other way of salvation but by grace.
구원은 오직 은혜로만 받는다.
4. There is security for the believer in one’s
relationship to God. Christ’s sacrificial death is
complete and permanent. 예수님의 대속은
완전할 뿐 아니라 변치 않기 때문에 믿는 자는
하나님과 온전한 관계를 확신할 수 있다.
5. We must never take lightly the salvation we have.
Although it is free, it is also costly. God sacrificed
Himself. 구원은 거저 선물로 얻는 것이지만
이를 위해 하나님이 지불한 댓가는 성자
예수님이셨다. 그러므로 우리는 이 구원을
경시할 수 없다.