2010高考英语应试策略
江苏省镇江第一中学
周
林
2010高考英语书面
表达高分策略
一、闪光高分词
1.认为,主张: argue，maintain，hold，believe/考虑
: take...into consideration/account，consider，
ponder，meditate，contemplate，think over，
reflect on／upon → think
2. 下 结 论 ， 断 定 : come to/arrive at/draw the
conclusion，conclude，decide，assert，wind
up...→judge
3. 获得: acquire，obtain，attain，reap ; 赢得，取
得: earn，gain，procure → get
4. 支持，赞成: approve of，in favor of，uphold，
stand by one's side，agree with，give one's assent/
提倡: advocate，recommend →support
5. 反对: oppose, object to/抵制: resist → say no to
6. 意 义 深 远 的 ， 重 大 的 : far-reaching, profound,
significant, eventful /重要的，有决定性的: vital,
crucial, critical, decisive → important
7. 充分运用: optimize ,make best use of, make full use
of /使用: employ, utilize /应用: apply → use
8. 当 前 ， 目 前 : nowadays, at present, currently,
presently →now
9. 勤奋的，勤勉的 diligent, studious, industrious
→hardworking
10. 认 真 的 ， 谨 慎 的 conscientious, cautious
→careful, serious
11. 表达:voice, convey, express, deliver,
communicate /描绘，描述，描写: depict,
describe, picture →say, tell
12. 勤奋的，勤勉的 diligent, studious, industrious
→hardworking
13. 聪 明 的 ， 有 才 智 的 intelligent, bright, wise,
brilliant →clever
14. 疲 惫 不 堪 的 exhausted ,fatigued ,nm-down,
worn-out, weary →tired
15. 参加 participate in, attend, take part in, go in for,
engage in → join, enter
16. 集中精力于 focus on, center on, concentrate on/专心于
set one's mind on → pay one’s attention to
17. 沮丧的，失意的 frustrated, discouraged, depressed,
down-hearted, disheartened, low-spirited → sad
18. 努力做，尽力做 attempt to, make efforts to, endeavor
to, manage to do → try to, work hard
19. 志气，抱负，渴望 aspiration, ambition, yearning,
thirst → desire
20. 除......外 apart from, in addition to, along with →
besides
21. 开展，实施，做 practice, carry out, conduct, perform
→ do
2 2 . 优 秀 的 outstanding, perfect, brilliant,
remarkable, distinguished, excellent → good
23. 实现，完成 achieve, accomplish, fulfill,
complete → finish
2 4 . 解 释 account for, illustrate, clarify
→explain
25. 证明, 证实 testify, confirm, verify, turn out
→ prove
2 6 . 碰 到 ， 遇 到 come across, meet with,
encounter, confront →meet
27. 粗 俗 的 ， 不 雅 的 vulgar, unrefined,
obscene, improper, foul, crude, coarse,
rough →bad
2 8 . 教 育 性 的 ， 启 发 性 的 instructive, educational,
enlightening →good
29. 难 以 置 信 的 ， 惊 人 的 ， 令 人 震 惊 的 fantastic,
incredible, unusual, unbelievable, exceptional,
extraordinary, marvelous, notable, noteworthy,
striking, amazing, appalling, shocking, astonishing →
great, surprising
30. 迷 人 的 ， 吸 引 人 的 enchanting, charming,
appealing, appealing, fascinating, attractive →
beautiful, pretty
31. 请教, 咨询 consult, return to, resort to →ask
32. 有 偏 见 的 ， 偏 心 的 biased, prejudiced, partial,
discriminative →unfair
33. 等不及, 渴望 cannot wait to, be eager to/for, long
for, yearn for/to/after, look forward to →want to
34. 事实上 in reality, in effect, as a matter of fact,
practically, virtually, actually →in fact
35. 低 等 的 ， 次 要 的 inferior, junior, minor,
secondary, lesser, insignificant →lower
3 6 . 使 信 服 convince, persuade, assure, confirm
→make…believe
37. 有敌意的，反对的 hostile, adverse, aggressive
→not kind
38. 唯一的，仅有的 sole, single, unique →only
39. 显示 point to, indicate, demonstrate, reflect,
manifest →show
4 0 . 节 约 的 ， 节 俭 的 economical, thrifty, frugal,
prudent →saving, sparing
41. 迟早，最终 eventually ,sooner or later, at length,
ultimately →finally, at last
42. 在我看来，就我而言 in my view, in my belief, as far as
I can see, in my mind, as far as I am concerned →in my
opinion
43. 想出，想到 come up with, cross one's mind, occur to
sb. →think
44. 需要 call for, require, demand →need
45. 真诚的，诚实的，正直的 sincere, truthful, genuine,
upright →honest
46. 轻视，蔑视 despise, contempt, belittle, distain →hate
47. 涌入 flood into, overflow into, crowd into, swarm in
→come into, enter
48. 合作 cooperate, join forces, work side by side, make
joint efforts →work together
49. 建 设 性 的 ， 有 益 的 constructive, helpful, valuable,
useful →good
50. 遵守 abide by, observe, conform →obey
51. 易于，倾向于 be prone to, be liable to, tend to,
incline to, be likely to →be possible
52. 失业的 unemployed, laid-off, jobless, workless
→out of work
53. 熟悉, 知道 be acquainted with, be familiar with,
be informed of →know
54. 解决, 处理 resolve, settle, deal with, cope with,
manage →solve
55. 意识到 be aware of, be conscious of →realize
56. 消费 → consume, expend → spend
57. 决心做 be determined to do, make up one's mind
to do →decide to do
58. 足够的，充足的 sufficient, adequate, ample →
enough, plenty
59. 永久地，长期不变地 permanently, enduringly,
lastingly, constantly →unchangingly
60. 抛弃，放弃 desert, abandon, quit →give up
61. 巨大的 tremendous, immense, huge, gigantic,
giant, enormous →very big
62. 不 计 其 数 的 countless, endless, unlimited,
innumerable.
immeasurable,
incalculable,
numerous→many
63. 熟人acquaintance/ 伙伴associate, companion/密
友，知己intimate，confidant →friend
64. 教育性的instructive，educational，enlightening/
有意义的meaningful/有价值的valuable →good
6 5 . 提 前 ， 在 … … 前 ahead of time, ahead of
schedule, before hand, in advance, prior to
→before
6 6 . 迷 人 的 ， 吸 引 人 的 enchanting, charming,
appealing,
alluring,
fascinating,
attractive
→beautiful
67. 强烈的，激烈的 keen, intense, fierce, violent
→strong
68. 繁 荣 的 ， 兴 旺 的 prosperous, flourishing,
thriving, booming/富裕的 affluent, wealthy, welloff →rich
69. 壮 丽 的 ， 引 人 注 目 的 splendid, grand,
magnificent, superb, striking, impressive, grand,
marvelous →wonderful
70. 位于 be located, be situated, stand, sit →lie
7 1 . 显 示 , 反 映 demonstrate, reflect, manifest,
indicate, point to →show
72. 承受，经历 undergo, endure, live with, go
through →experience
73. (整体)由……组成 be made up of, consist of, be
comprised of, be composed of/ 构 成 ( 整 体 )
constitute →form
7 4 . 毋 庸 置 疑 地 ， 确 信 地 unquestionably,
indisputably, undeniably, out of question, go
without saying, unsurprisingly, undoubtedly, It is
no wonder that... , definitely →certainly, surely
75. 娱乐，乐趣 entertainment, amusement →fun
7 6 . 目 击 , 观 察 witness, observe, view
→see
77. 遵守abide by, observe, confirm to
→obey
78. 违反, 违背, 侵犯 violate, disobey,
infringe →break
79. 真诚的, 衷心的 hearty, sincere, frank
→honest
80. 使……不 安, 扰 乱 upset, agitate,
bother, disturb, trouble →worry
二、写作黄金句式
1. It + 被动语态 + that ...
It is widely acknowledged/recognized that extensive
deforestation contributed to heavy summer
flooding.
It is generally accepted that to practise euthanasia
on a patient who is still alive is inhuman.
It must be admitted that the price war will disturb
the normal order of the market.
It cannot be denied that the overgrowth of tourism
may destroy the ecological balance of some scenic
resorts.
It is estimated that two thirds of the cities of our
countries will be in acute shortage of fresh water
by 2020.
2. It is + 形容词 + that...
It is obvious/evident/clear/undeniable/apparent that the
situation is caused directly by excessive commercial
fishing.
It is understandable/inevitable that people's attitudes are
divergent on this controversial issue.
It is unimaginable/incredible/unbelievable that such a boy of
17 should have had three novels published.
3. It is + 形容词 + for sb./sth. to do sth．
It is important/vital for everyone to participate in physical
exercises, for they will do good not only.to our body but
also to our mind and personality.
It is currently difficult for a university student to find an
ideal job upon his graduation, especially those majoring in
fundamental courses such as history and mathematics.
4. 状语从句: 条件状语从句、目的状语从句、结果
状语从句、让步状语从句、时间状语从句
As long as I am sure of making sufficient preparations and
distinguishing myself during interviews, it is out of
question for me to get the ideal job which I have been
dreaming of.
The key lies in the user--so long as we can make use of it
properly, it can be most helpful for us in many aspects.
First and foremost, the government should invest more
money on education so that the nine-year compulsory
education program can be carried out smoothly
throughout the country.
Although it may bring unfavorable consequences, we can be
sure to conclude that this practice is favorable on the
whole.
There are so many people, bicycles, cars in the streets that
you always feel it difficult to move along.
In spite of what has been achieved in controlling the
birthrate, there is much to be desired.
Many students lack self-control to such an extent
that they play for long hours even if they know it
is harmful to both their mental and physical
health.
No matter whether this problem is a natural result
of social development, it is important that we find
a satisfactory solution to it in this social
transformation era.
It tells us that we will succeed in the end if we keep
on trying and never give up, no matter how
difficult the matter seems at the first sight.
5. 由while引导的表对比的并列句
Different people have different views on
opportunity. Some people think that there
are few opportunities in the world, while
others argue that everybody will have some
kind of opportunity along his life route.
6. 定语从句
Those who decide to buy a house downtown
have long been dreaming of living in a house
of their own in the center of a city.
Those who are in favor of the Internet claim that it
has a lot of advantages.
Those who are opposed to the Internet hold that
disadvantages are many.
Those people who decide to go on a self-tour argue
that they love the freedom and flexibility when
they travel by themselves--you can stay longer if
you enjoy the beautiful scenery there.
7. 强调句
First of all, the main financial support comes from
parents and other family members. For all the
years it is they who give the student courage and
determination to hold on and excel.
It is not the years in your life, but the life in your
years that counts.
8. 反问句
Now that we can draw the conclusion that
daydreaming is most beneficial, why not make
good use of it to make life rich and rewarding?
If you have only had wonderful things happen to
you, how can you become brave? If you can only
embrace success and will never accept failure, how
can you become mature?
9. with /as
With the rapid growth of economy, the living
standards of the Chinese people have greatly
improved. Many of them can now afford to buy
houses and cam.
As the reform process of state enterprises speeds up,
more and more workers are likely to be laid off,
entering the competition in job market.
As industry and agriculture develop, the problem of
water shortage will be more serious.
10. There be (live, stand, exist, lie, come, seem, etc.)
In the past ten years there has been a marked
decline in the number of young married couples
who want to have children.
Recently, there has been a strong debate on whether
human beings should be cloned.
Now there is a growing concern over the heavy
burden, both academic and psychological, our
children have to bear.
There is no doubt that space exploration will greatly
influence our way of life and thinking.
11. 倒装句
Only when all of us join in the efforts of eliminating
cheating at all levels can we expect to have a
cleaner society and a more beautiful future.
Only if we get prepared can we seize the
opportunities instead of letting them slip by, just
as the saying goes, "Opportunities are only for the
prepared minds."
Only by planning his time carefully can he improve
efficiency and make achievements.
12. 包含never的否定句
1.与too同时使用，表示“再……都不为过”
You can never be too good to your mother.
You can never be too careful when you drive a car.
2.与其他否定词(诸如no)连用，构成双重否定，表
达肯定的意义
Though it does good to college students in many
ways, the two-day weekend can never be said to
bring no problems.
3. Never...because(since)...表示“不因为......就......”
Last but not least, it is for the first time in my life
that I learn perseverance, and in the future I will
never give up since a matter is difficult.
4. 与unless同时使用
Similarly, you can never write a good research paper
unless you concentrate on what you are doing and
have a right attitude towards failure.
5. never可以与fail连用，表示“总能够......”
On the other hand, selective courses can be
informative, instructive and inspiring--because
different teachers, subjects, classmates and
environment will never fail to sparkle new
thoughts.
13. 平行结构
For another, if a person is diligent and determined,
he will realize his dream no matter how poor,
humble or unlucky he may be.
A good teacher can bring students hope, dream and
determination.
In the second place, the strict discipline is most
helpful to me in that it molds my temperament
and shapes my character--it helps me to learn
confidence and perseverance.
Knowledge and experience accumulated can help me
reap harvest in English learning, and confidence
and courage gained along the route can help me
succeed in my future career.
Years of practice can help me improve my writing
ability, and constant thinking and reflection can
help me become a man of logic and reason.
If you have only had wonderful things happen to
you, how can you become brave? If you can only
embrace success and will never accept failure, how
can you become mature?
Compared with a film, TV is mach cheaper and
more convenient—you don't have to leave your
house at all.
Nevertheless, other people claim that such a belief is
subjective and unreasonable even at the first sight.
14. make + 宾语 + do/done/adj./n./prep. ；make
(think/consider/feel/find) + it + adj./n. + (for sb.) to
do /that-clause.
The widespread introduction of information
technology will make our work and life more
convenient and more beautiful.
Most importantly, we should increasingly heighten
our environmental awareness and make our world
a better place to live in.
Modem transportation means makes it very
convenient for people to travel far away from
home.
Advanced medical science has made it possible for
human beings to lead a much longer life and suffer
less from different kinds of diseases.
The terrorists made it known that tourists would be
targeted.
15. 用分词结构扩展内容
People, not realizing that water resources on the
earth axe limited, waste a great amount of water
every day.
Citizens have the right to know the truth and
supervise the celebrity, thus forming a kind of
public opinion.
Having placed great expectations on their son, they
couldn't hold back huge disappointment and
anger when they learnt their son's failure to pass
the test.
With the improvement of living standards, more and
more people begin to buy cars to meet the needs of
work and life, thereby worsening the traffic
problems.
16. 用并列/复合结构陈述内容
I love my parents because they give me life, have
sacrificed a lot in bringing me up and are always
there for me whenever I need them.
Most men would like their spouses to be young and
beautiful whereas women often put emphasis on
their spouses' character, education, profession,
income or family background.
17. 分析原因
There are a number of causes for the great increase
in divorce rate in our country.
In general, there are two main reasons leading to the
prevalence of cheating in exams.
There are several factors contributing to the
booming of Chinas higher education.
Several reasons/factors are responsible for (may
account for/may contribute to) the coming back of
many Chinese overseas students.
18. 对…来说
Thus, for some students, cheating, though risky, is
absolutely a shortcut to get a satisfying academic
evaluation.
As for (As to) the society, the 7-day holiday well
19. 谈及…问题；就(某人或某事)而言
When it comes to whether college students should be
involved in business activities, there are different
opinions.
When it comes to individuals, no matter what
reasons drive them to buy lottery tickets, they
actually contribute to the society by lending a
helping hand to unfortunate people and to the
development of sports in our country.
As far as I'm concerned you can do what you like.
20. 毫无疑问，必须承认，不能否认
It goes without saying that the love of beauty is an
essential part of all healthy human nature.
The fast growth of space exploration will
undoubtedly influence our way of life and way of
thinking.
It must be admitted that the price war will disturb
the normal order of the market.
Admittedly,
there
are
advanced
research
environment and better living conditions in
developed countries, and students from developing
countries can not resist the temptation of earning
more salary in the west.
No one can deny that E-economy has great potentials
and advantages in many aspects.
There is no denying that money is indispensable to
us in the consuming society.
21. 比较，对比
Just as woods are indispensable to birds, so is
the earth to human beings.
As far as personality is concerned, they have
almost everything in common.
My hobby is similar to his in that we both like
collecting records, foreign and domestic.
Beijing is populous and crowded, while
Canberra is just the opposite.
22. 有了…就能，没有…就不能
With private cars, people are able to enjoy
their leisure time to the full by making trips
in their cars to the countryside or seaside at
the weekends.
Without adequate latest information needed
in his work, one will achieve no success in
his career.
23. 把…看做
However, some people consider mankind's exploration into
the space as a waste of time, money and resources.
In spite of these arguments, there are those who see/view it as
a hasty decision, which has some potential problems.
A doctor should look on (regard/think of) his work not as a
money-making business, but rather as a social service.
24. 看法，观点
There are different opinions on (People have different ideas
about / Different people may hold different views about)
whether firecrackers should be banned.
Recently, there has been a heated debate/discussion over
whether or not sports stars can go to college or graduate
school without taking the entrance exams.
The issue of whether or not students should take a part time
job has been widely debated currently.
Views on the issue in question vary widely from person to
person.
Quite a lot of people hold/claim/argue/advocate/suggest that
owning private cars is of great
benefit, while others say/assume/maintain/stress that there
may be problems with the increasing number of private
cars.
Some people believe that international sport creates goodwill
between the nations and that if countries play games
together they will learn to live together. Others say that the
opposite is true: that international contests encourage false
national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred.
There is probably some truth in both arguments, but it is
still my strong conviction that...
It is true that money can bring us a comfortable life, but it is
not the only thing that we are seeking after.
As to the role of information in the future, I believe that it
will play a more and more important role in the modern
society.
三、句式变化原则
1. 长短句错落有致
A basic reason for divorce is that some people are
not really ready for marriage, perhaps because
they axe still establishing themselves in their
careers and haven' t had enough time to get to
know themselves and many members of the
opposite sex, but family pressures make them feel
that something is wrong with them since they are
not married, and so they marry in haste without
knowing each other well.
请比较：
A basic reason for divorce is that some people
are not really ready for marriage. As they are
still establishing themselves in their careers,
they haven' t had enough time to get to know
themselves and many members of the opposite
sex. However, family pressures make them
feel that something is wrong with them since
they are not married. So they marry in haste
without knowing each other well.
2. 主被动合理运用
请看下面例子:
例1. 被动: When the Prime Minister arrived at
the airport, he was immediately surrounded by
hundreds of reporters.
主动: When the Prime Minister arrived at the
airport, hundreds of reporters surrounded
him immediately.
例2. 主动: During their first job, many
individuals develop their very important
quality of self-reliance. I cultivated this quality
when my supervisor allowed me to set up and
conduct my own survey project.
被动: One very important quality developed by an
individual during a first job is self-reliance. This
quality was cultivated by me when I was allowed
by my supervisor to set up and conduct my own
survey project.
3. 倒装强调适当穿插
例1. 陈述句：One can find such enthusiasm for
applying for hosting the 2008 Olympic Games in
no other place in the world.
倒装句：In no other place in the world can
one find such enthusiasm for applying for hosting
the 2008 Olympic Games.
例 2 . 陈 述 句 ： The pioneers, rather than the
government, really pushed the frontier further.
强 调 句 ： It is the pioneers rather than the
government who really pushed the frontier further.
4. 比较结构巧妙使用
(1) Just as mother is indispensable to child, so is study
to our spirit.
(2) He was brought up in a humid and mid area in
China. But the climate of the city where he pursues
his higher education is just the opposite of his
hometown.
5. 句与句间衔接紧密
(1) Natural resources are very limited. They will be
exhausted in the near future. It is not true. But it
becomes a major concern around the world. This
is a widely accepted fact.
(2) It is a widely accepted fact that there is a major
concern around the world for the exhaustion of
limited natural resources in the near future,
though it is unlikely to be true.
四、逻辑关系
1. 表示列举和举例: first of all, to begin with, first,
second, next, for one thing, for another, in the first (
second) place, furthermore, moreover, beyond that,
also, besides, in addition, what is more, such as,
finally; for example, for instance
2. 表示原因: since, because (of), as, for, owing to, result
from, due to, on account of, on the ground of, as a
result of
3. 表示时间顺序: at the same time, as soon as, so far,
since, then, until, when, meanwhile, shortly, later,
lately, after a while, at that time, before, earlier,
presently, in the meantime, formerly
4. 表示空间顺序: close to, close at hand(近在身旁),next
to, down, far, beyond, against(对着),on the opposite
side(相对的), opposite to, above, across, across from,
around, at the bottom, before, behind, below, beneath,
between, in the middle of, in the distance, in the center
of, farther, on the left/right
5. 表示重复: in other words, again, as has been pointed
out, to repeat, as I have said above, once again, after
all, indeed, in fact, truly, of course, chiefly, especially,
certainly, actually, particularly, to be sure, above all,
surely, most important of all, even worse, no doubt,
needless to say
6. 表 示 结 果 : so, then, therefore, thus, hence,
consequently, as a result, accordingly, for this reason,
as consequence, on that account, it follows that
7. 表示总结: to sum up, in summary, to summarize, in
short, in brief, to be brief, in other words, on the whole,
in conclusion, to conclude
8. 表示对比和对照:
( 1 ) 对 比 : but, however, yet, or, nevertheless, still,
nonetheless, conversely, nor, rather, whereas, though, on
the one hand, on the other hand, on the contrary, by
contrast with/to, in contrast, even though, instead,
unlike, different from, on the other hand, in contrast
(with/to), instead (of), the opposite (of), unlike,
although, while
(2) 对照: similarly, likewise, like, as, at the same time, in
fact, too, in the same way, in alike manner, both, also,
compared with
五、适当运用修辞手法
准确恰当地使用修辞手法，会极大地增强文章的表现
力，使文章更加生动形象、意蕴丰富并且引人入胜
。英文写作中常见的修辞手法有比喻、平行结构、
修辞问句等。
(1) Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and
some few to be chewed and digested.
(2) From moving pictures we can learn much about things
and places that we can never see. They teach us manners
and etiquette; they show us the customs and habits of
foreign people; they bring before our eyes the wonders
of the world; they introduce us to great men and women
of different nations.
(3) Why is the world getting smaller and smaller?
For one thing, modem technology has made
various means of transportation more and more
advanced.
[解析] 第1句中运用了暗喻的修辞手法，把“读
书”比喻成“吃东西”。第2句中运用了平行
结构的修辞手法，该段将曲个结构相同的句子
并行排列，阐述了电影给我们带来的好处。第
3句中运用了设问的修辞手法，以问题开头(为
什么世界变得越来越小?)吸引读者继续读下去
以探求答案。
六、恰当使用警句格言
一篇好的作文在有了合理的结构和布局之外，如果
能有一定的文采，一定会锦上添花，而体现文采的
一个重要手段就是恰当地使用警句格言。
(1) As an old Chinese saying goes, traveling ten thousand
miles and reading ten thousand books is the top ideal
for people. Travel-does broaden our mind. It enables
us to appreciate beautiful scenery, value the culture
and customs of the country visited and learn its history.
(2) (2) Some people think that we should read selectively.
Just as a proverb says, books, like friends, should be
few and well chosen. That is to say, we should select
those books that are suited to our interests and needs
and pay little attention to other kinds of books.
(3) In my view, money, when justly obtained and
properly used, can bring us happiness and
blessings. However, if we try every possible
means, good or evil, to get money for nothing,
money means nothing but a source means. evil.
So I believe the proverb" Money is a good
servant but a bad master.“
[解析] 第1段是一篇文章的开头段，通过
“traveling ten thousand miles and reading ten
thousand books(行万里路，读万卷书)”这一人
人认同的格言引出“旅游开阔视野”的主题，
令人信服，且颇显文采。
第2段是一篇文章的中间段，主题句之后引用了
一句谚语“Books，like friends，should be few
and well chosen(书籍如朋友，应该少而精)”
，不仅达到了说明主题的作用，而且起到了锦
上添花的效果。
第3段是文章的结尾段，最后用一句谚语
“Money is a good servant but a bad master(金钱
是善仆，也是恶主)”收尾，充分说明了自己
对金钱的观点，极具说服力，起到了画龙点睛
的作用。
七、万能结构模板
(一) 漫画作文
结构模板1
(1)It is shown/depicted/described in the picture that 图
表 内 容 总 括 . ( 2 ) 进 一 步 阐 述 图 表 内 容 . ( 3 ) As is
symbolically revealed in the pictures, 折射生活中的意
义. (4)We can say that/We may draw/safely come to a
conclusion that/We can see clearly that 对寓意进一步
引申和归纳. (描述图表段)
(5)There are many examples found to prove that 主题
句. (6)Take …as a typical example./The first example is
that 阐 述 例 子 一 ( 可 进 一 步 阐 述 ) . ( 7 ) The second
example is that/In addition/Here is a counterexample.
/Opposite case in point is that /On the contrary 第二个
例子(或举一反面例子). (8)Therefore, 段落总结句. (举
例说明段)
(9)In order to improve the situation/To sum up the
above argument/Confronted with such an issue/a
problem, we should find several solutions to
it/need to take some positive measures. (10)On the
one hand/For one thing 方法/建议一. (11)On the
other hand/For another, 方 法 / 建 议 二 .
(12)Therefore/Thus/Only in this way, can 总结句.
(个人观点段)
模板示例
Write an essay of 150 words based on the following
drawing. In your essay, you should
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) explain its intended meaning, and then
3) give your comments.
(1)It is shown in the picture that two crippled men
with one of their legs bound together and one
supporting the other are heading forward to see the
world. (2)They had left their crutches behind. (3)As is
symbolically revealed in the pictures, teamwork is
crucial to achieve a goal, or if any, two heads are
better than one. (4)We may draw a conclusion that
the co-work and joint efforts is very important for
success.
(5)There are many examples found to prove that
the importance of the co-work and joint efforts.
(6)The first example is that in the case of a natural
disaster, mutual help and support among people is of
great significance.
(7)Opposite case in point is that as our country is now
entering into a new stage, construction of a
harmonious society makes it a necessity to cultivate
the teamwork spirit and establish a supporting system
in which people are able to depend on each other.
(8)Therefore, concerted and joint efforts can work
wonders.
(9)To sum up the above argument, we should find
several solutions to it.(10)For one thing, our
government should lose no opportunities to publicize
the concept of mutual help and the importance of
depending on one another. (11) For another, we
individuals should be under no circumstances
overwhelmed and consumed by setbacks and failures.
(12) Only in this way should we stand firmly up to
these challenges.
结构模板2
(1)From the picture (graph, chart, table, pie, bar),
we know that 图表内容总概括．(2) On the one
hand, the left/first picture tells us that 情况一，图一
／ 表 一 的 内 容 . ( 3 ) On the other hand, (the
right/second) picture informs us that 情况二，图二
／表二的内容．(4)It can easily be seen that 揭示图
画／表寓意．(描述图表段)
(5)There are many reasons to explain/explaining
the effect/phenomenon/ case/ instance. (6)The most
contributing one is/The main reason is no other than
理由一. (7)What's more, 理由二．(8)理由三 also
play a role in this case. (说明原因段)
(9)Considering all these reasons/this
situation/Confronted with such a problem. I think
we need to take some positive measures. (10) On
the one hand, 方法／建议一. (11)On the other
hand, it is necessary for us to 方法／建议二．
Thus/Only in this way, can 总结自己的观点／建
议／态度．(个人观点段)
模板示例
Study the following photos carefully and write an
essay of 150 words in which you should
1. describe the photos briefly,
2. interpret the social phenomenon reflected by
them, and
(1)From the picture, we know that more and
more young people are showing their admiration in
an excessive way. (2)On the one hand, the left
picture tells us that the young man writes the word
"BECKHAM" on his face. (3)On the other hand,
the right picture informs us that the other young
man is spending RMB300 on his hair in a Beckhamstyle. (4)It can easily be seen that blind idolatry is
not uncommon today.
(5)There are many reasons explaining the
phenomenon. (6)The main reason is no other than
that the fanatical feelings of many youth towards
superstars are expressed in unguided ways.
(7)What's more, some
young people are seeking for vanity by blind
worshipping. (8)The fact that the mass
media is misleading the young people also
plays a role in tiffs case.
(9)Considering all these reasons, I think
we need to take some positive measures.
(10)On the one hand, our government ought
to ban the false media hype about idols.
(11)On the other hand, it is necessary for us
to channel young people's enthusiasm for
heroes in a more positive and productive
way. (12) Only in this way can we help our
young guys out of the crazy blindness.
结构模板3
(1)From the picture ( graph, chart, table, pie, bar) ,
we know that图表内容总概括．(2)On the one hand,
the left/first picture tells us that情况一，图一／表一
的内容．(3)On the other hand, (the right/second )
picture informs us that情况二，图二／表二的内容
．(4) It can easily be seen that揭示寓意．(描述图表
段)
(5)Judging from the pictures, we can clearly infer
that the drawer' s intention is主题句(视作文提纲内
容而
定)．(6)扩展句：第一个层For one thing/First
of all/Firstly... (7) 扩 展 句 ： 第 二 个 For
another/Besides/Moreover/In
addition/Secondly... (8) 段落总结句Thus/As
a result/Therefore/Finally... (说明目的段)
( 9 ) As far as I am concerned/In my
opinion,
the
proper
attitude
towards/suggestion for主题is that我的观点
／ 态 度 ／ 建 议 . ( 1 0 ) We should take the
following effective measures. (11)For one
thing方法一. (12)For another, 方法二．
(个人观点段)
(二) 现象解释型
结构模板1
(1)From the chart/graph/table/picture, we clearly
learn that 总述社会现象/事实, which has aroused
great/common concern. (2)What impresses us most is
图 表 中 重 点 数 据 . ( 3 ) There are many reasons
accounting for 现象或变化.
(4)First of all/To begin with, 原因一. (5)what is
more/Moreover, 原因二. (6)进一步说明原因二.
(7)In
addition/Besides, 原因三. (8)Therefore/As
a result, 总结原因导致的结果.
(9)As to me/As far as I am concerned,
我的观点. (10)For one thing/On the one
hand, 影 响 一 / 问 题 一 . ( 1 1 ) For
another/On the other hand, 影响二/问题
二. Thus/In brief/To conclude, 总结观点.
结构模板2
(1)As is shown/described/depicted in the
cartoon/picture, 图表内容概括．(2)In the first
picture, 描述图／表一内容(如果是一个图表，则左
或上半部分)．(3) As is shown in the second
drawing/following pictures, 描述图／表二内容(如
果是二个图表，则或右或下半部分)．(4)It is safe
to draw the conclusion that揭示寓意(或主题句，回
应主题但不是主题句的重复)．(描述图表段)
(5)There are many reasons responsible for this
phenomenon/case/instance and the following are the
typical
ones. (6)The first reason is that 理由一．(7)The
second reason is that理由二．(8)The third mason
is that/A case in point is that/The typical example
is that 理由三．(说明原因段)
(9)In order to improve the situation/To sum
up the above argument/Confronted with such an
issue/a problem, we should find several solutions
to it/need to take sox positive measures. (10)On the
one hand/For one thing we should方法／建议一．
(11)On the other hand/For another, 方法／建议二
．(12)Therefore/Thus/Only in this way, can总结句
． (个人观点段)
模板示例
Study
the
following
pictures
carefullyand write an essay of about
150 words.
Your essay should cover all the
information provided and meet the
requirement below:
1. Interpret the following pictures.
2. Give your reasons to this
phenomenon.
(1)As is shown in the picture, the situation of
college students employment is worsening, as it is
hard for them to be accepted by an employer upon
graduation. (2) In the two bar pictures we can see
that the number of both college graduates and post
graduates increased from 1990 to 2001. (3)As is
shown in the following pictures, nearly 50,000, or
10% of college graduates in the city become jobless
in the year 2001. (4)It is safe to draw the conclusion
that college students, once the "God favored few",
are now in their hard times.
(5)There are many reasons responsible for this
phenomenon and the following are the typical
ones. (6)The first reason is that the city's economic
structure is changing so fast that many college
graduates are not ready for the challenge. (7) The
second reason is that type of economy has been
changed to the knowledge economy that features high and
new technologies and modern management. The requirement
to graduates is more and more high. (8)The third reason is
that many universities failed to change their education plans
to meet the society's needs, so that they will not be able to
produce students fully prepared. As a result, it is not hard to
see that many students cannot find a job that matches their
majors.
(9)In order to improve the situation, we should find
several solutions to it. (10) For one thing, the unemployment
rate will continue to fall as more and more graduates choose
to further their education. (11)For another, college graduates
should be encouraged to take the post which may not matches
their majors and keep learning in the process of practice. (12)
Only in this way, can college students find job opportunities
in the society.
(三) 对比选择型
结构模板1
(1)When it comes to 事物/问题, there is no
complete agreement among people. (2)Some
people take it for granted that 一 种 观 点 .
(3)However, others maintain that 另一种观点.
(4)Those people who hold the former opinion
believe 观点一理由一. (5)In a addition, 观点一理
由二. (6)therefore 总结观点一.
(7)However, still others advocate the latter
opinion because they hold 观点二理由一.
(8)Besides, they argue that 观点二理由二.
(9)So, 总结观点二.
(10)Weighing up these two arguments,
我的看法. (11)For one thing, 个人看法的依
据一. (12)for another, 个人看法的依据二.
( 1 3 ) Taking above-mentioned factors into
consideration, we/ I may reasonably
conclude that 重申观点.
结构模板2
(1)Different people have different views on 看法
/问题. (2)Some prefer 一种看法/观点. (3)Others
tend to 另一种看法/观点. (4)As to me, I agree to
the first/second opinion.
(5)Of course, 我不赞同观点的合理性. (6)For
example, 支 持 其 合 理 性 的 例 子 . ( 7 ) But in my
opinion, 我不赞同观点的不足. (8)The following
reasons can account for my argument.
(9)Firstly, 支 持 观 点 的 理 由 一 . ( 1 0 ) A good
example to illustrate is支持理由一的例子. (11)In
addition/Moreover/What’s more, 支持观点的理由二.
(12)To conclude/From the foregoing, 重申观点.
结构模板3
(1)When asked about/When it comes to 事物/问题
, different people will offer different opinions.
(2)Some people take it for granted that 观点一 .
(3)In their opinion,
观点一的理由一. (4)Besides,
观点一的理由二 .
( 5 ) However, others hold 观 点 二 . ( 6 ) They
maintain 观点二理由一. (7)And 观点二理由二.
(8)Weighing up these two arguments, 我的观点.
(9)For one thing/On the one hand, 理由一. (10)For
another/On the other hand, 理由二. (11)For instance,
as stated above, 总结全文.
(四) 观点论证型
结构模板1
(1)It is well known that 论点. (2)The truth is deep
and profound./The truth of it is self-evident. (3) 正确
性表现. (4)总结论点.
(5)Many remarkable factors/reasons contribute to
this argument. (6)First of all, 论据一. (7)What’s
more/Moreover, 论据二. (8)For example, 支持论据
二的事例. In addition/Besides, 论据三.
(10)All mentioned above tell us that 重申观点.
(11)Therefore, there is no denying that 正确态度或
做法. (12)In short, 总结全文.
结构模板2
(1)论点, which has been generally accepted. (2)
论点含义. (3)The truth of it is deep and profound.
(4)There are numerous examples supporting this
argument. /Many remarkable examples contribute to
this argument. (5)A case in point is 例证一. (6)This
is close to suggest例证一的道理. (7)For another
example, 例证二. (8)Moreover, 例证三.
(9)judging from the evidence offered, we might
safely draw the conclusion that重申观点. But one
thing we have to notice is 需要注意的问题. (11)In
short, 总结全文.
(五) 问题解决型
结构模板1
(1)Nowadays, it is generally accepted that 总述问
题. (2)表现一. (3)表现二.
(4)There are many reasons accounting for 该问题
./Special attention should be paid to the fact that该问
题 is bringing great damage. (5)On the one hand/for
one thing, 原因一/危害一. (6)On the other hand/For
another, 原因二/危害二. (7)Therefore, it is high time
that 解决该问题.
(8)Many a way can be adopted to解决该问题.
/Many a factor plays an important role in解决该问题.
( 9 ) Firstly/First of all, 方 法 一 / 因 素 一 .
( 1 0 ) Secondly/In addition, 方 法 二 / 因 素 二 .
( 1 1 ) Thirdly/Besides/Moreover, 方 法 三 / 因 素 三 .
(12)Only through these ways/Only in this way 该问
题才能够解决.
结构模板2
(1)Recently, there has been a discussion about总述
该 问 题 . / Nowadays, it has become a common
phenomenon 总 述 该 问 题 . ( 2 ) 危 害 一 / 原 因 一 .
Additionally , 危害二/原因二 . (4)Therefore, it is
high time that解决该问题.
(5)The following ways can be adopted to解决该
问题. /Some effective measures have been taken to解
决该问题. /Many a factor plays an important role in
解决该问题. (6)Firstly/First of all, 方法一/因素一.
( 7 ) Secondly/In addition, 方 法 二 / 因 素 二 .
( 8 ) Thirdly/Besides/Moreover, 方 法 三 / 因 素 三 .
(9)Only through these ways/Only in this way该问题
才能够解决.
(10)There is no doubt that解决该问题的意义.
(11)As for me, 我的建议或看法. (12) 总结观点.
2010高考英语阅读理解
高分策略
一、干扰项九大特点
1. 张冠李戴
例1. Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult
patient can request death – probably by a deadly
injection or pill--to put an end to suffering. The
patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by
two doctors. After a "cooling off" period of
seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of
request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be
met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54-year-old Darwin
resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT
Rights of Terminally III law means he can get on
with living without the haunting fear of his
suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing
condition. "I'm not afraid of dying from
a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid
of was how I'd go, because I've watched
people die in the hospital fighting for
oxygen and clawing at their masks, " he
says.When Lloyd Nickson dies, he will
______ .
A. face his death with calm characteristic of
euthanasia
B. B. experience the suffering of a lung
cancer patient
C. have an intense fear of terrible suffering
D. undergo a cooling off period of seven days
例2. The researches suggest that capuchin monkeys(
卷 尾 猴 ) , like humans, are guided by social
emotions. In the wild, they are a cooperative,
group living species. Such cooperation is likely to
be stable only when each animal feels it is not
being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it
seems, are not the preserve of people alone.
Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these
feelings abundantly clear to other members of the
group. However, whether such a sense of fairness
evolved independently in capuchins and humans,
or whether it stems from the common ancestor
that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet,
an unanswered question.
What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. Monkeys can be trained to develop social
emotions.
B. Human indignation evolved from an uncertain
source.
C. Animals usually show their feelings openly as
humans do.
D. Cooperation among monkeys remains stable
only in the wild.
2. 偷梁换柱
例1. Friedman relies on a lean staff in Austin.
Several of his staff members have militaryintelligence backgrounds. He sees the firm’s
outsider status as the key to its success.
Straitford’s briefs don’t sound like the usual
Washington
back-and-forthing,
whereby
agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the
chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says
Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.
Straitford is most proud of its ________.
A. official status
B. nonconformist image
C. efficient staff
D. military background
例 2 . Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant
Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job
database on the Internet. He searched it with no
success but was attracted by the site’s “personal
search agent.” It’s an interactive feature that lets
visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and
salary, then E-mails them when a matching position
is posted in the database. Redmon chose the
keywords
legal,
intellectual
property,
and
Washington, D.C. Three weeks later, he got his first
notification of an opening. “I struck gold,” says
Redmon, who E-mailed his resume to the
employer and won a position as in-house counsel
for a company.
How did Redmon find his job?
A. By searching openings in a job
database.
B. By posting a matching position in a
database.
C. By using a special service of a
database.
D. By E-mailing his resume to a
database.
3. 断章取义
When I decided to quit my full time employment it never
occurred to me that I might become a part of a new
international trend. A lateral move that hurt my pride and
blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my
relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a
disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming
“I wanted to spend more time with my family”.
Which of the following is true according to paragraph 1?
A. Full-time employment is a new international trend.
B. The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job.
C. “A lateral move” means stepping out of full-time employment.
D. The writer was only too eager to spend more time
with her family.
4. 以偏概全
We live a society in which the medicinal and social
use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin
to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable,
coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for
the nerves. When do these socially acceptable and
apparently constructive uses of a substance become
misuses? First of all, most substances taken in excess
will produce negative effects such as poisoning or
intense perceptual distortions. Repeated use of a
substance can also lead to physical addiction or
substance dependence. Dependence is marked first by
an increased tolerance, with more and more of the
substance required to produce the desired effect, and
then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal
symptoms when the substance is discontinued.
Physical dependence on certain
substances results from ________.
A. uncontrolled consumption of them
over long periods of time
B. exclusive use of them for social
purposes
C. quantitative application of them to the
treatment of diseases
D. careless employment of them for
unpleasant symptoms
5. 曲解原意
Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The
American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic
Services in the World War II and later laid the roots
for the CIA was fascinated with information.
Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to
hand in the “great game” of espionage -- spying as a
“profession.” These days the Net, which has already
re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books
and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan’s vocation
as well.
The emergence of the Net has ________.
A. received support from fans like Donovan
B. remolded the intelligence services
C. restored many common pastimes
D.
revived spying as a profession
6. 添油加醋
例1. Moreover, demographers see the continuing shift
south and west as joined by a related but newer
phenomenon: More and more, Americans apparently
are looking not just for places with more jobs but
with fewer people, too. Some instances -■Regionally, the Rocky Mountain states reported the
most rapid growth rate -- 37.1 percent since 1970 in a
vast area with only 5 percent of the US population.
■Among states, Nevada and Arizona grew fastest of
all: 63.5 and 53.1 percent respectively. Except for
Florida and Texas, the top 10 in rate of growth is
composed of Western states with 7.5 million
people -- about 9 per square mile.
We can see from the available statistics
that ________.
A. California was once the most thinly
populated area in the whole US
B. the top 10 states in growth rate of
population were all located in the West
C. cities with better climates benefited
unanimously from migration
D. Arizona ranked second of all states in
its growth rate of population
例2. It’s a rough world out there. Step outside and you
could break a leg slipping on your doormat. Light up
the stove and you could burn down the house.
Luckily, if the doormat or stove failed to warn of
coming disaster, a successful lawsuit might
compensate you for your troubles. Or so the thinking
has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began
holding more companies liable for their customers’
misfortunes.
Feeling threatened, companies responded by writing
ever-longer warning labels, trying to anticipate
every possible accident. Today, stepladders carry
labels several inches long that warn, among other
things, that you might -- surprise! -- fall off. The label
on a child’s Batman cape cautions that the toy “does
not enable user to fly.”
Manufacturers as mentioned in the
passage tend to ________.
A. satisfy customers by writing long
warnings on products
B. become honest in describing the
inadequacies of their products
C. make the best use of labels to avoid
legal liability
D. feel obliged to view customers’ safety
as their first concern
7. 颠倒是非
例1. A report consistently brought back by visitors to
the US is how friendly, courteous, and helpful most
Americans were to them. To be fair, this observation
is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and
should best be considered North American. There are,
of course, exceptions. Small minded officials, rude
waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly
unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so
frequently that it deserves comment.
For a long period of time and in many parts of the
country, a traveler was a welcome break in an
otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness
were common problems of the families who generally
lived distant from one another. Strangers and
travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and
brought news of the outside world.
In the eyes of visitors from the outside
world, ________.
A. rude taxi drivers are rarely seen in
the US
B. B. small minded officials deserve a
serious comment
C. Canadians are not so friendly as their
neighbors
D. most Americans are ready to offer
help
例2. As is true of any developed society, in America a
complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and
conventions underlies all social interrelationships.
And, of course, speaking a language does not
necessarily mean that someone understands social
and cultural patterns. Visitors who fail to “translate”
cultural meanings properly often draw wrong
conclusions. For example, when an American uses
the word “friend,” the cultural implications of the
word may be quite different from those it has in the
visitor’s language and culture. It takes more than a
brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between
courteous convention and individual interest. Yet,
being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value
highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.
It could be inferred from the last
paragraph that ________.
A. culture exercises an influence over
social interrelationship
B. courteous convention and individual
interest are interrelated
C. various virtues manifest themselves
exclusively among friends
D. social interrelationships equal the
complex set of cultural conventions
8. 混淆视听
例 1 . Few creations of big technology capture the
imagination like giant dams. Perhaps it is
humankind’s long suffering at the mercy of flood and
drought that makes the ideal of forcing the waters to
do our bidding so fascinating. But to be fascinated is
also, sometimes, to be blind. Several giant dam
projects threaten to do more harm than good.
The lesson from dams is that big is not always beautiful.
It doesn’t help that building a big, powerful dam has
become a symbol of achievement for nations and
people striving to assert themselves. Egypt’s
leadership in the Arab world was cemented by the
Aswan High Dam. Turkey’s bid for First World status
includes the giant Ataturk Dam.
In paragraph 5, “the powerless”
probably refers to ________.
A. areas short of electricity
B. dams without power stations
C. poor countries around India
D. common people in the Narmada Dam
area
9. 无中生有
American no longer expect public figures, whether in
speech or in writing, to command the English
language with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to
such command themselves. In his latest book, Doing
Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and
Music and Why We Should, Like, Care, John
McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed
liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of
1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline
of formal English.
…
Russians have a deep love for their own language and
carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their
heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate
speech that would seem old-fashioned to most
English-speakers. Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that
formal language is not strictly necessary, and
proposes no radical education reforms -- he is really
grieving over the loss of something beautiful more
than useful. We now take our English “on paper
plates instead of china.” A shame, perhaps, but
probably an inevitable one.
According to McWhorter, the decline of formal English
________.
A. is inevitable in radical education reforms
B. is but all too natural in language development
C. has caused the controversy over the counter-culture
D. brought about changes in public attitudes in the
1960s
二、高分解题四大原则
原则一、异曲同工原则
例1. It’s a rough world out there. Step outside and
you could break a leg slipping on your doormat.
Light up the stove and you could burn down the
house. Luckily, if the doormat or stove failed to
warn of coming disaster, a successful lawsuit
might compensate you for your troubles. Or so the
thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when
juries began holding more companies liable for
their customers’ misfortunes.
What were things like in 1980s when
accidents happened?
A. Customers might be relieved of their
disasters through lawsuits.
B. Injured customers could expect protection
from the legal system.
C. Companies would avoid being sued by
providing new warnings.
D. Juries tended to find fault with the
compensations companies promised.
例2. If you intend using humor in your talk to make
people smile, you must know how to identify
shared experiences and problems. Your humor
must be relevant to the audience and should help to
show them that you are one of them or that you
understand their situation and are in sympathy with
their point of view. Depending on whom you are
addressing, the problems will be different. If you
are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to
the disorganized methods of their secretaries;
alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you
may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.
To make your humor work, you should ________.
A. take advantage of different kinds of audience
B. make fun of the disorganized people
C. address different problems to different people
D. show sympathy for your listeners
原则二、顺应主旨原则
例1. There is another way to commit evolutionary
suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children. Few
people are as fertile as in the past. Except in some
religious communities, very few women have 15
children. Nowadays the number of births, like the age
of death, has become average. Most of us have
roughly the same number of offspring. Again,
differences between people and the opportunity
for natural selection to take advantage of it have
diminished. India shows what is happening. The
country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and
poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. The grand
mediocrity of today -- everyone being the same in
survival and number of offspring -- means that
natural selection has lost 80% of its power in
upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes.
What does the example of India illustrate?
A. Wealthy people tend to have fewer children
than poor people.
B. Natural selection hardly works among the
rich and the poor.
C. The middle class population is 80% smaller
than that of the tribes.
D. India is one of the countries with a very
high birth rate.
例2. Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet.
The American spymaster who built the Office of
Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid
the roots for the CIA was fascinated with
information. Donovan believed in using whatever
tools came to hand in the “great game” of espionage -spying as a “profession.” These days the Net, which
has already re-made such everyday pastimes as
buying books and sending mail, is reshaping
Donovan’s vocation as well.
Donovan’s story is mentioned in the text to ________.
A. introduce the topic of online spying
B.
show how he fought for the U.S.
C. give an episode of the information war
D.
honor his unique services to the CIA
原则三、求新思变原则
Moreover, demographers see the continuing shift
south and west as joined by a related but newer
phenomenon: More and more, Americans
apparently are looking not just for places with
more jobs but with fewer people, too. Some
instances -■Regionally, the Rocky Mountain states reported the
most rapid growth rate -- 37.1 percent since 1970 in a
vast area with only 5 percent of the US population.
■Among states, Nevada and Arizona grew fastest of
all: 63.5 and 53.1 percent respectively. Except for
Florida and Texas, the top 10 in rate of growth is
composed of Western states with 7.5 million people - about 9 per square mile.
The flight from overcrowdedness affects the migration
from snow belt to more bearable climates.
Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more
the American search for spacious living than in
the Far West. There, California added 3.7 million to
its population in the 1970s, more than any other state.
The census distinguished itself from previous studies on
population movement in that ________.
A. it stresses the climatic influence on population
distribution
B. it highlights the contribution of continuous waves of
immigrants
C. it reveals the Americans’ new pursuit of spacious
living
D. it elaborates the delayed effects of yesterday’s “baby
boom”
原则四、中庸之道原则
Another major shift in the model for Internet commerce
concerns the technology available for marketing.
Until recently, Internet marketing activities have
focused on strategies to “pull” customers into sites. In
the past year, however, software companies have
developed tools that allow companies to “push”
information directly out to consumers, transmitting
marketing messages directly to targeted customers.
Most notably, the Pointcast Network uses a screen
saver to deliver a continually updated stream of news
and advertisements to subscribers’ computer
monitors. Subscribers can customize the information
they want to receive and proceed directly to a
company’s Web site. Companies such as Virtual
Vineyards are already starting to use
similar technologies to push messages to customers about
special sales, product offerings, or other events. But push
technology has earned the contempt of many Web users.
Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the
information flowing onto the screen comes there by specific
request. Once commercial promotion begins to fill the
screen uninvited, the distinction between the Web and
television fades. That’s a prospect that horrifies Net
purists.
In the view of Net purists, ________.
A. there should be no marketing messages in online culture
B. money making should be given priority to on the Web
C. the Web should be able to function as the television set
D. there should be no online commercial information without
requests
三、高分解题技巧
技巧一、回归定位法
Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one
industry -- William Shakespeare -- but there are two
distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches.
There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (ASC),
which presents superb productions of the plays at the
Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And
there are the townsfolk who largely live off the
tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at
Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace
and the other sights.
The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre
adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike
the RSC’s actors, them with their long hair and beards
and sandals and noisiness. It’s all deliciously
ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who
earns their living, was himself an actor (with a
beard) and did his share of noise-making.
From the first two Paragraphs, we learn that
________.
A. the townsfolk deny the RSC’s contribution to
the town’s revenue
B. the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on
and off stage
C. the two branches of the RSC are not on good
terms
D. the townsfolk earn little from tourism
技巧二、主旨推断法
When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it
is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming
at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their
principles may seem today, it is possible that in years
to come they may be regarded as normal. With regard
to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather
difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be -- even
admitting that the theory on which it is based may be
right -- it can hardly be classed as Literature.
…
This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of
Futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as
Literature. All the same, no thinking man can refuse
to accept their first proposition: that a great change in
our emotional life calls for a change of expression.
The whole question is really this: have we
essentially changed?
62. The author believes that Futurist poetry
is ________.
A. based on reasonable principles
B. new and acceptable to ordinary people
C. indicative of basic change in human nature
D. more of a transient phenomenon than
literature
技巧三、选项定位法
It is also less than most forecasters had
predicted. In late 1994 the panel of
economists which The Economist polls each
month said that America~ s inflation rate
would average 3.5% in 1995. In fact, it fell
to 2. 6% in August, and is expected to
average only about 3% for the year as a
whole. In Britain and Japan inflation is
running half a percentage point below the
rate predicted at the end of last year. This is
no flash in the pan； over the past couple of
years, inflation has been consistently lower
than expected in Britain and America.
The sentence "This is no flash in the
pan" (last sentence, Paragraph 3)
means that ________.
A. the low inflation rate will last for
some time
B. the inflation rate will soon rise
C. the inflation will disappear quickly
D. there is no inflation at present
技巧四、转折词定位法
Another major shift in the model for Internet commerce
concerns the technology available for marketing.
Until recently, Internet marketing activities have
focused on strategies to "pull" customers into
sites. In the past year, however, software
companies have developed tools that allow
companies to "push" information directly out to
consumers, transmitting marketing messages
directly to targeted customers. Most notably, the
Pointcast Network uses a screen saver to deliver a
continually updated stream of news and
advertisements to subscribers' computer monitors.
Subscribers can customize the information they want
to receive and proceed directly to a company's Web
site. Companies such as Virtual Vineyards are already
starting to use similar technologies to push messages
to customers about special sales, product
offerings, or other events. But push technology has
earned the contempt of many Web users. Online
culture thinks highly of the notion that the
information flowing onto the screen comes there
by specific request. Once commercial promotion
begins to fill the screen uninvited, the distinction
between the Web and television fades. That's a
prospect that horrifies Net purists.
Speaking of the online technology available for
marketing, the author implies that ________.
A. the technology is popular with many Web users
B. businesses have faith in the reliability of online
transactions
C. there is a radical change in strategy
技巧五、常识排除法
例1. 一篇有关幽默的文章有一个理解题是：
To achieve the desired result, humorous stories
should be delivered ________.
A. in well-worded language B. as awkwardly as
possible
C. in exaggerated statements D. as casually as
possible
例2. Which of the following can be a disadvantage of
search agents?
A. Lack of counseling. B. Limited number of visits.
C. Lower efficiency.
D. Fewer successful
matches.
四、考场三忌
一忌、忌主观臆断
Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar
Japan whose productivity and social harmony are
the envy of the United States and Europe. But
increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the
traditional work moral values. Ten years ago young
people were hard- working and saw their jobs as their
primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely
fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don't
know where they should go next.
In the westerners' eyes, the postwar Japan was
________.
A. under aimless development B. a positive example
C. a rival to the West
D. on the decline
二忌、忌妄加推断
NBAC members also indicated that they will appeal to
privately funded researchers and clinics not to try to clone
humans by body cell nuclear transfer. But they were
divided on whether to go further by calling for a federal
law that would impose a complete ban on human cloning.
Shapiro and most members favored an appeal for such
legislation, but in a phone interview, he said this issue was
still "up in the air."
It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ________.
A. some NBAC members hesitate to ban human cloning
completely
B. a law banning human cloning is to be passed in no time
C. privately funded researchers will respond positively to
NBAC's appeal
D. the issue of human cloning will soon be settled
三忌、见树不见林
To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished
countries will have to get over their outdated anticolonial prejudices with respect to foreign
investment. Countries that still think foreign
investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might
well study the history of infrastructure (the basic
structural foundations of a society) in the United
States. When the United States built its industrial
infrastructure, it didn’t have the capital to do so. And
that is why America’s Second Wave infrastructure -including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on -were built with foreign investment. The English, the
Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in
Britain’s former colony. They financed them.
Immigrant Americans built them. Guess who owns
them now? The Americans. I believe the same thing would be
true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter.
The more foreign capital you have helping you build your
Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic
infrastructure, the better off you’re going to be. That
doesn’t mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting
foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does mean
recognizing how important they can be in building the
energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full
advantage of the Internet.
The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify
the policy of ________.
A. providing financial support overseas B. preventing foreign
capital’s control
C. building industrial infrastructure
D. accepting foreign
investment