Words for Production
1. introductory adj. 序論的，引導的；
入門的，初步的
This book includes an introductory chapter
(章) that explains the goals of the research.
For students who are interested in the
human mind and human behavior, an
introductory course in psychology can be a
good choice.
1. introductory adj. 1) 序論的，引導的
2) 入門的，初步的
3) (新產品)特價的
1. The speaker made an introductory
remark before giving her speech.
(開場白，前言)
2. In the introductory class, the
swimming coach will teach the kids
how to hold their breath underwater.
3. By the end of July, customers can buy
this new flavor of ice cream at an
introductory price. (試銷價)
以“-tion”結尾的名詞，字尾改成“ory”，可形
成表「屬於…的，與…有關的」之形容詞，例：
satisfaction → satisfactory 良好的
explanation → explanatory 解釋的
preparation → preparatory 準備的
congratulation → congratulatory 祝賀的
2. essay n. [C] a short piece of writing
by a student on a specific subject
(學生寫的)短文，文章
For homework, each of us has to
write an essay on George Bernard
Shaw.
2. essay n. [C] 1) (學生寫的)短文，文章
2) 論說文，小品文
1-1. The students were asked to write an
essay about the life of a famous poet.
1-2. The professor told us to write an
essay on the role of Winston Churchill
in WWII.
2-1. The reporter wrote a critical essay on
the influence of GM food on people’s
lives.
2-2. After reading some essays on the
customs of the Inuit, I had a general
picture about their daily lives.
Words for Production mess
n.
一團亂
3. mass n. sing. (the ～) most of the people in
a group, a society, or a country; n. [C] (usu.
sing.) a large quantity of something 大多數
(的人)；大量，許多
The idea of raising fuel prices is strongly
opposed by the mass of the people in the
country.
the majority
There is a mass of information about
healthy diet in this magazine. You will
learn a lot after you read it.
3. mass n. 1) sing. (the ～) 大多數(的人)
2) [C] (usu. sing.) 大量，許多
3) [C] 一塊，團
4) [C] (pl.) (the masses) 群眾，平民百姓
1. For the mass of people, having a high
salary is the main priority when it comes
to getting a job.
2. A mass of tourists swarms into the scenic
spot on holidays.
3. There was a mass of books, files, and
papers on Mr. O’Conner’s desk.
mass n. 3) [C] 一塊，團
4) [C] (pl.) (the masses) 群眾，平民百姓
4. Look at the dark masses of clouds in
the sky. It is going to rain apparently.
5. To win an election, a candidate must
drum up the support of the masses
first.
mass adj. 大眾的，大量的
Mass production of cars has lowered the
price. (大量生產)
Mass education is of critical importance
to a country’s development. (民眾教育)
mass transit 大眾運輸
the mass media 大眾傳播媒體
mass murderer 謀殺多人的兇手
4. desperation n. [U] the feeling of having
no hope 絕望，走投無路
In desperation, the man jumped out
of the window to escape from the
burning apartment.
4. desperation n. [U] 絕望，走投無路
Jason had no choice but to turn to crime
out of sheer desperation.
(完全絕望之下)
In desperation, the poor man sold his
family heirloom at a low price to pay off
his debt.
(走投無路)
desperate adj. 絕望的
Having waited outside the emergency
room for hours, the patient’s family are
getting desperate.
desperate adj. 1) 絕望的
2) (決定或行動)孤注一擲的
1-1 With the rescue time running out,
families of the mudslide victims are
becoming increasingly desperate.
1-2 With the patient’s condition worsening,
his desperate family are discussing his
funeral.
2 The hostage had made a desperate
attempt/effort to escape.
desperate adj. 3) (情況)危急的
4) 極想要…的，很渴望…的
3-1. The material girl decided to abandon
her boyfriend when he was financially
desperate.
3-2. More often than not, orphans are in
desperate need of love and care.
4-1. The worker was desperate for a
holiday after ten days of work.
(非常想要…)
4-2. I am desperate to share the good
news with everyone. (極想…)
desperately adv. 1) 絕望地，拼命地
2) 極度地 (= extremely)
1.The starving beggar looked around
desperately for something to eat.
2.Aiden’s job is desperately important
to him because he has a big family
to support.
Words for Production
5. valuable adj. (時間)寶貴的；很有用的，
很重要的；貴重的，很值錢的
If we plan out the meeting, valuable time
can be saved.
Ms. Fuller has gained a lot of valuable
experience and learned several useful
lessons from her job.
The rich man locked all his valuable jewelry
in a safety deposit box (保險箱) in the bank.
5. valuable adj. 1) (時間)寶貴的
2) 很有用的，很重要的
1-1. The businessman tries to work efficiently
so as to save some valuable time.
1-2. In order not to ruin your valuable vacation,
you should make detailed plans in advance.
2-1. My advice proved valuable because it
prevented Evelyn from making a fatal
mistake.
(證明是有用的)
2-2. The experiences of the older generation
are usually valuable to the young.
5. valuable adj. 3) 貴重的，很值錢的
(↔ worthless, valueless)
3-1. The rich lady wore a valuable piece of
jewelry whose cost roughly equaled the
price of a Mercedes.
3-2. The millionaire donated his valuable
collection of paintings to the municipal
museum.
costly用來修飾豪華的、高貴的物品，通常
有暗示奢侈的意思；
expensive用來修飾某物品價格過高，甚至
超出了實際的價值；
precious常用於修飾感情方面，表示無法用
金錢計算的人或物。
priceless和invaluable都是用來表示「極為
珍貴的，無法用任何方式來估計其價值
的」。
valuables n. pl. 貴重物品
 You had better put your valuables in a safe
so that a thief would have difficulty taking
them away.
 Mr. Wang’s house was broken in and all
the valuables inside were stolen.
value vt. 1) 重視 2) 估價
1-1. The liberal ruler values his people’s
opinions very much.
1-2. Kelly values her teacher’s advice and
always follows it.
2. The broker valued the luxurious house at
ten million dollars. (將…估價為…)
value n. [U] 1) 價值 2) 重要性
1) The value of the antique vase is
going up gradually.
2) This research was of great value to
doctors working with this disease.
(很重要)
market value 市值
street value 黑市價格
face value
郵票、鈔票等的面額
value指的是某人願意為某物所付出的
金錢；
price指的是購買某物或享用某服務所
需支付的金額；
cost指的是從事某事或為了達成某事
所要付出的代價，並不侷限於金錢方
面；
expense指的則是花在某物上的費用。
Let’s read!
Words for Production
6. procrastination n. [U] 拖延，延宕
the act of delaying something that should
have already been done, usually because
someone doesn’t want to do it
Procrastination is the main reason why
Simon never finishes his assignments on
time.
6. procrastination n. [U] 拖延，延宕
Procrastination makes people do
yesterday’s work today, and today’s
work tomorrow.
與時間管理相關的字詞:
punctuality 準時
feasibility 可行性
self-discipline 自律能力
ahead of schedule (進度)提前
on/behind schedule 進度如期/落後
procrastinate vi. 拖延，延宕(=put off)
we are
1.When faced with important tasks, we
should take immediate action rather than
procrastinate.
he is
2. Mostly, Jack procrastinates when faced
with something he doesn’t want to do,
such as going to a dentist.
procrastinator n. [C] (做事)拖延的人
1.Don’t be such a procrastinator.
Begin your English essay now.
2. Ed is the last person to be called
a procrastinator; he always gets
things done right away.
Words for Production
7. extreme adj. 極大的，極度的
very great in degree
Please handle this box with extreme
care. There are wine glasses in it.
7. extreme adj. 1) 極大的，極度的 2) 罕見的，
極特殊的 3) 偏激的 (↔ moderate)
The floor being wet, you should walk with
extreme care.
When Ian fell off the tree, he first felt
extreme pain in his head and then fainted.
Absence from the meeting is only allowed
in extreme circumstances.
(在極其特殊的情況下)
 Bill is an irrational person who always gives
extreme opinions.
extreme n. [C]極端，極度
Rose eats vegetables only. At the other
extreme, her brother can’t live without
meat.
extreme sports 極限運動
(如雪地滑板、高空彈跳)
extreme athlete 從事極限運動的運動員
extreme n. [C] 極端，極度
In Africa, one can witness extremes of
great wealth and great poverty.
Luke has found a middle path between
the extremes of success and failure.
To make a lot of money in a short time,
the businessman went to extremes .
(採取極端的手段或行動)
 Extremes meet. (物極必反)
in the extreme (fml.) 極度，非常
The weatherman strongly advised
people to wear winter coats because it
was cold in the extreme outside.
go to the opposite extreme 走向另一個極端
(= go from one extreme to the other)
 Sally used to be positive, but now she has
gone to the opposite extreme.
range between two extremes 呈現兩種極端
 The public’s views on abortion ranged
between two extremes.
extremely adv. 非常地，極端地
1.My dad found it extremely difficult to
dance a tango because of the complex
dance steps.
2.I felt extremely guilty about lying to my
parents.
8. proportion n. [C] 部分；比例
1. A large proportion of the students in this
school like to wear school uniforms, while
the rest do not.
2. There are sixty men and thirty women
working in the office. The proportion of
males to females is two to one.
8. proportion n. 1) [C] 部分 2) [U] 比例
1. A large proportion of the students enroll
in college after graduation. Few of them
go to work.
2. Dora was selected as the carnival queen
because her features were perfectly
in proportion. (勻稱)
8. proportion n. 2) [U] 比例
The payment is in proportion to/with the
work done, not in proportion to the time
spent. (與…成比例)
out of proportion with/to 與…不相稱
The dog’s big head is out of proportion
with/to its tiny body.
Words for Production
9. panic n. [U][C]恐慌，驚慌
The residents of the town were in a
state of panic when the mudslide
occurred.
When Jane gets into a panic, she
forgets what she wants to say.
9. panic n. [U][C] (usu. sing.) 恐慌，驚慌
 All the customers felt panic when the
fire alarm at the supermarket went off.
 When the fire broke out, everyone ran
out of the building in a panic.
(驚慌之下)
 Paul got into a panic in the house on
fire and forgot to call the fire department.
(十分驚慌)
panic attack 恐慌症
panic buying/selling 瘋狂搶購/拍賣
fear用來強調極端害怕，以致不願面對
所懼怕的人或情形；
fright指突然的驚嚇，通常是暫時性的；
alarm指突然察覺到危險逼近而感到驚慌；
panic形容歇斯底里的恐懼，通常是壓抑
的情緒或莫名的恐慌；
terror表示可能導致驚慌的恐怖；
horror則是指伴隨著恐懼而來的反感或
厭惡。
panic vi. 驚慌失措
(panicked, panicked, panicking)
Don’t panic during an earthquake. If
you are indoors, keep calm and stay
away from windows.
panic vi. 驚慌失措
 The mother started to panic when she
saw her son’s arm bleed.
 People in the movie theater panicked
when someone shouted “Fire!”
panicky adj. 受驚嚇的，恐慌的
(= hysterical)
 Don’t get panicky! Everything is under
control.
Words for Production
10. irrational adj. 不理性的，不講理的
not using clear thinking or reason
I know this sounds ridiculous, but I
have an irrational fear of dogs.
10. irrational adj. 不理性的，不講理的
(= unreasonable ↔ rational)
My grandmother has never traveled abroad
because she has an irrational fear of taking
planes.
(沒來由的恐懼)
 I can’t believe that Felix made such an
irrational decision. He should have looked
before he leaped.
字首“ir”有「非、不」的意思:
regular → irregular 不規則的
relevant → irrelevant 不相關的
resistible → irresistible 不可抵抗的
responsible → irresponsible 不負責任的
rational adj.
(行為、思想等)基於理性的，合理的
The doctor’s explanation for my
headaches seemed to be rational,
so I chose to take his advice.
rational adj.
1) (行為、思想等)基於理性的，合理的
2) (人)理性的，講理的 (= reasonable)
1. There must be a perfectly rational
explanation for what happened.
2. A rational person always thinks
carefully before making any decisions.
Words for Production
11. tick vi. (鐘或錶)滴答作響
(of a clock or a watch) to make a
short, light sound every second
It was so quiet in the room that I
could hear my clock ticking.
11. tick vi. (鐘或錶)滴答作響 (= tick away)
Gabriel couldn’t fall asleep because the
old clock ticked loudly.
tick away/by/past (時間)流逝，過去
Isaiah had to get to the train station by
noon, and the minutes were ticking
away/by/past.
tick sb off 斥責、責備某人 (= tell sb off)
The teacher ticked the students off when
she found them nodding off in class again.
what makes sb tick 使某人這麼做的原因
Jane insists on taking a shower three times
a day. I think I will never understand what
makes her tick.
Let’s read!
Words for Production
12. furthermore adv.此外，再者
(fml.) in addition to something that
has just been mentioned
The apartment was too big for
Gladys. Furthermore, she couldn’t
afford the rent.
12. furthermore adv. (fml.)
此外，再者 (= moreover)
The house is too small for my
family ; furthermore, it is far from
downtown.
Words for Production
13. pit n. [C]大洞，深坑
a large, deep hole in the ground
Watch out for the pit in the forest.
If you fall into it, you won’t be able
to climb out.
Words for Production
14. trap vt. (trapped, trapped, trapping)
to be unable to escape from an unpleasant
situation; to prevent someone from escaping
from a dangerous place 使無力改變，使陷
入困境；使困於(危險環境)
1. Mr. Fleming felt trapped in his job. He
thought it was boring, but he needed the
pay to support his family.
2. In Taiwan, when there are people trapped
in the fire, we call 119.
14. trap vt. 1) 使無力改變，使陷入困境
2) 使困於(危險環境)
3)以陷阱捕捉 4) 使陷入圈套
1)-1. Some single parents feel trapped in the
role of father or mother.
1)-2. If Lucy keeps lying, she’ll be trapped in
her lies and end up losing all her friends.
2) The two climbers were trapped in the
mountain owing to the heavy snow.
3) The hunters tried to trap animals in the
woods.
4) The old lady was trapped into giving all
her money to the con artist.
trap n. [C] (難以逃脫的)困境; 陷阱
Today, more and more graduates are
caught in the unemployment trap.
It’s time the government did something
about this.
trap n. [C] 1) (難以逃脫的)困境 2) 圈套，陷
阱
1)  Marriage seems to be a trap to Rebecca.
She can no longer do whatever she likes.
 Many recent graduates have fallen into
the trap of being well educated but
underpaid. (落入陷阱)
2) A beautiful woman set a trap for Thomas,
trying to cheat him out of his fortune.
(設下陷阱)
rat trap 捕鼠器
speed trap 超速監視區
death trap 危險車輛，危險建築
fire trap 火災時難以逃生的建築物
tourist trap 旅遊陷阱，敲遊客竹槓的地方
Let’s read!
Words for Production
15. rob vt. (robbed, robbed, robbing) 剝奪，使
喪失(某人應得或所需之物)；搶劫，盜取
The car accident made the little girl an
orphan and robbed her of a happy childhood.
On his way home from work, the unfortunate
man was robbed of his car, cell phone, and
money.
15. rob vt. 1) 剝奪，使喪失(某人應得或所需
之物) (= deprive) 2) 搶劫，盜取
1)  The kidnapper robbed the victim of his
freedom, and of his dignity as well.
 Jack’s consuming passion for Lora had
robbed him of his reason. (使某人喪失…)
2)  That man was accused of robbing a bank
and injuring several bank clerks.
 The masked man robbed the lady of her
money and then ran away. (搶奪)
rob後方可接「人」或「地方」，
如rob a man或rob a bank，但是不
可搭配「錢」或「物品」作受詞；
若要表示「搶某人的錢」則需以
rob sb of sth表示，其他類似的用
法還有deprive sb of sth、rid sb/sth
of sth、strip sb/sth of sth等。
robber n. [C]
搶劫犯，強盜
The robbers rushed into the store
and forced the clerk to give them all
the cash she had.
robbery n. [C]
搶劫，竊盜案
The couple stated that although they
had committed three armed robberies,
they hadn’t hurt anybody.
字尾“ery”或“ry”可置於字詞後方，
以形成抽象名詞
rival → rivalry 敵對
brave → bravery 勇敢
mock → mockery 嘲弄
slave → slavery 奴隸制度
Words for Production
16. deadline n. [C] 截止日期，最後期限
a time or date by which something
must be done
The deadline for the essay is
October 6. Please turn it in by then.
16. deadline n. [C] 截止日期，最後期限
Henry can’t meet the deadline. He is
unable to complete the assignment on
time. (在期限內完成)
(↔ miss the deadline)
Words for Production
17. grasp vt.理解；抓緊
to understand something, especially
something difficult; to take hold of
someone or something tightly
Luke didn’t grasp the meaning of the poem,
but after he did some research on it, he was
able to understand it.
The police officer grasped the thief by the
arm and wouldn’t let go.
grasp at sth
試圖利用(機會等)
The businessman grasped at every
chance which may help him make a big
profit.
各種動詞搭配身體部位的用法，使用此類
動詞時，需注意其所搭配的介係詞，例：
take/catch/hold/seize/grasp + sb + by . . .
kiss/hit/pat/tap + sb + on . . .
slap + sb + across . . .
 Ian seized Helen by the wrist, asking her for
forgiveness.
 The manager patted Sean on the shoulder
to encourage him.
 The mother flew into a rage and slapped
her lying daughter across the face.
grasp n. sing. 1) 理解，領會 (= understanding)
2) 緊抓，緊握 (= grip)
1)  After my science teacher’s logical
explanation, I had a good grasp of what
causes a tsunami. (能理解…，對…有好的理
解力)
 The complicated philosophical issue was
beyond the grasp of a four-year-old child.
(超乎…的理解能力)
2) Little Wyatt’s mother asked him to take a
tight grasp on her hand because there were
too many people in the department store.
(緊抓)
Words for Production
18. promptness n. [U]準時
the state of being at the arranged
time
The delivery company promises
promptness to its customers:
Packages sent in the morning will be
received by the addressee in the
afternoon.
18. promptness n. [U] 準時
(1)The efficient secretary always
completes her business assignments
with promptness.
(準時地)
(2) Known for its promptness, the
company claims that it delivers
all packages without any delays.
prompt adj.(指人)準時的；迅速的，立即的
The ceremony will start at exactly six
o’clock in the evening. Please be prompt.
The rescue team took prompt action
and successfully saved the man from
drowning in the lake.
prompt adj. 1) (指人)準時的 (= punctual)
2) 迅速的，立即的 (= immediate)
1) Ted has never been late for school. He is
always prompt.
2) Miss Lin gave her student a prompt reply
to his question.
prompt adv. (infml.) 準時地 (【美】sharp)
Andy arrived at 12 o’clock prompt.
(…點整)
Words for Production
19. doom vt.命定，注定(死亡、失敗等)
to make certain that someone or
something will die, fail, suffer, etc.
All humans are doomed to die.
No one can escape death.
doom n. [U] 劫數，毀滅
According to some scientists, the
earth will soon meet its doom because
of the rise in temperature. (毀滅)
prophet of doom 末日預言者
(= doom merchant, doomsayer)
Many prophets of doom have mentioned
that the year 2012 would be the end of
the world.
doom and gloom 悲觀情緒，前景黯淡
(= gloom and doom)
 In spite of no more evidence, there is
not doom and gloom for solving the case.
Words for Production
20. prison n. 難以脫身的處境；監獄，牢房
To the young woman, the village has
become a prison. She wishes to leave
it and see the outside world.
The man was sent to prison for
robbing a bank.
be in prison 坐牢
prison officer/warder 獄卒
be released from prison 出獄
prison camp 戰俘營
be released/escape from prison
出獄/逃獄
be sent/put to prison 入獄
(= go to prison/jail)
prisoner n. [C]
囚犯，犯人
The prisoner regretted her life of
crime. She promised that she would
never commit another crime if she
had a chance to get out of prison.
political prisoner 政治犯
Let’s read!
Words for Recognition
Henry David Thoreau
n.
an American writer and
thinker, whose thoughts
greatly influenced Mahatma
Gandhi, Martin Luther King, Jr., and other
political figures 梭羅 (1817-1862)
Idioms and Phrases
1. put something off
to delay doing something
拖延，延宕
We have midterm exams this week, so
let’s put the class picnic off until next
weekend.
1. put something off 拖延，延宕
(= postpone, delay)
 Since it is raining heavily, the referee has
decided to put off the baseball game until
tomorrow.
put sb off 1) 使疏遠，使反感
2) 打擾，使分神
1)  Although the girl is attractive, her bad
manners always put others off.
2)  The mother asked her little boy not to put
off his sister while she was studying.
Idioms and Phrases
2. a matter of something
(of seconds, hours, days, etc.) a short
period of time 一小段時間
The Mexican restaurant is just around
the corner. You can reach it on foot in a
matter of minutes.
2. a matter of something 一小段時間
 The crossword puzzle was so easy that it
was solved in a matter of seconds.
a matter of life and death 攸關生死的事
(as) a matter of course 通常，照例
 Phoebe treated her younger sister to dinner as
a matter of course.
a matter of time 時間的問題，早晚的事
 Don’t worry. You will get a promotion sooner
or later. It’s just a matter of time.
Idioms and Phrases
3. run out
to use up something
用盡，耗盡
I’d better hurry up and finish the meal
because I’m running out of time.
3. run out 1) 用盡，耗盡
2) 過期，到期 (= expire)
1)  After spending a lot of money remodeling his
office, the businessman realized that he was
running out of money.
 The young mother ran out of patience and
yelled at her naughty child.
2)  My visa will run out next month, so I have to
apply for a new one.
run out of sth 用光(某物)，耗盡(某物)
 We need to refill the gas tank before we run out
of gas.
run out on sb (在某人有難時)離開，遺棄
 Jamie ran out on her husband when he was
broke.
Idioms and Phrases
4. sum (something) up
to state briefly the main point(s) of
something again 總結，簡而言之
In the essay, the student gave several
examples to illustrate her points and
then summed up her ideas in the
concluding paragraph.
4. sum (something) up 總結，簡而言之
(= summarize)
 The chairman summed up what we had
agreed at the end of the discussion.
 After giving full details about the plan, the
president summed up all the arguments in a
few words.
sum n. [C] 1) 金額，款項 2) 總和，總數
1)  The couple spent huge sums of money
on the new house. (巨額的)
2)  The sum of 6 and 5 is 11.
Idioms and Phrases
5. leave something to be desired
to be unacceptable or unsatisfactory
有待改進
To the audience’s great disappointment,
the troupe’s performance tonight left
something to be desired.
5. leave something to be desired 有待改進
(↔ leave nothing to be desired)
 My brother has just learned painting. It’s not
surprising that his paintings leave something
to be desired.
 The service in the hotel leaves something to
be desired. No wonder the number of its
guests decreases day by day.
片語leave something to be desired中的
something亦可用a lot、much代換，例：
 The trainee’s performance left
something/a lot/much to be desired.
Idioms and Phrases
6. get down to something
to start to do something seriously
開始認真做(某事)
Jason fooled around all day, and it was
not until 10 p.m. that he finally got
down to his chemistry assignment.
6. get down to something 開始認真做(某事)
 Vincent finally got down to thinking
about his future after he obtained his
master’s degree.
 It’s time to stop fooling around and get
down to your work!
get sb down 使某人沮喪、傷心 (= depress sb)
 Kaden refused the girl’s invitation, which
really got her down.
get sth down 1) 吞下某物 (= swallow sth)
2) 記錄，寫下某物
(= note/take/write sth down)
1) If you have a splitting headache, get this
pill down. It will ease your pain in seconds.
2)  The journalist got down every word that
the politician said during the interview.
Idioms and Phrases
7. take up something
to fill or use a particular amount of
time or space
佔據(空間或時間)
The sofa took up too much space in the
living room, so my mother replaced it
with a smaller one.
7. take up something
1) 佔據(空間或時間) (= occupy)
2) 開始養成…的習慣，開始從事
3) 接受(建議或挑戰)
4) 繼續講、做某事 (= pick sth up)
1)  The large Christmas tree took up a lot of
space in the living room.
2)  Jim took up keeping a diary when he was in
senior high school.
3)  The boss took up the advice and decided to
recruit more designers.
4)  The lecturer took up the class after a short
break.
Idioms and Phrases
8. for (so) long
for a long time
很長一段時間
I haven’t seen Betty for so long that I
doubt if she can still recognize me.
8. for (so) long 很長一段時間
 I have been waiting here for my
friend for so long that I fell asleep.
Idioms and Phrases
9. catch up on something
to do something that someone should have
done already; to find out what has happened,
especially when someone is not around 補做
(該做而未做的事)；瞭解(不在時發生的事)
After Mr. Wheeler got back from his vacation,
he had a lot of paperwork to catch up on at
the office.
Rachael turned on the TV to catch up on the
news after she returned home from Germany.
9. catch up on something
1) 補做(該做而未做的事)
2) 瞭解(不在時發生的事)
1)  Since Edward went to bed late last
night, he needed to catch up on sleep
this morning.
2)  After the separated couple finally got
together, they had much to catch up on.
Idioms and Phrases
10. on top of something
in control of something; in addition to
something 控制，掌握；除了…之外
It takes time to learn how to stay on top
of things, especially when you are not
familiar with the work.
Nikki got up late and missed the school
bus this morning. On top of that, she
forgot the library books that were due
today.
10. on top of something 1) 控制，掌握
2) 除了…之外 (= in addition to)
1)  The supervisor worked diligently
to be on top of everything.
2)  The girl lost her way and on top of
that, she didn’t have her cell phone
with her.
 Bruce writes for the newspaper on
top of his regular job.
Idioms and Phrases
11. have yet to do something
to have not yet done something that
should have been done
還沒、尚未(做早該完成的事)
The jury has yet to announce the
winner of the competition, so now all
that the contestants can do is wait.
11. have yet to do something
還沒、尚未(做早該完成的事)
 Kitty has yet to finish her homework,
so she is not allowed to watch TV.
 The actor has been nominated three
times for the Academy Awards but
has yet to win one.
I. Quotes about time
1. Time is free, but it’s priceless. You can’t own
it, but you can use it. You can’t keep it, but
you can spend it. Once you’ve lost it, you
can never get it back.
—Harvey MacKay
2. Time is more valuable than money. You can
get more money, but you cannot get more
time.
—Jim Rohn
I. Quotes about time
3. You may delay, but time will not.
—Benjamin Franklin
4. We say we waste time, but that is
impossible. We waste ourselves.
—Alice Bloch
5. Time and tide wait for no man.
—Mark Twain
 Never leave that till tomorrow which you can
do today.
─Benjamin Franklin (今日事，今日畢。)
 Time is the coin of your life. It is the only coin
you have, and only you can determine how it
will be spent. Be careful lest you let other
people spend it for you. ─Carl Sandburg
(時間是你人生的硬幣。這是你唯一的硬幣，
也只有你能決定要怎麼花用它。你必須小
心， 否則別人便會幫你花掉。)
 We must use time as a tool, not as a crutch.
─John F. Kennedy
(我們必須把時間當工具用，而非當支柱。)
(→ 我們應該學會善用時間，而不是依賴
它。)
 Men talk of killing time, while time quietly
kills them.
─Dion Boucicault
(人們談論著消磨時間，時間卻悄悄地消磨
他們的生命。)
 Time is the school in which we learn; time is the
fire in which we burn. ─Delmore Schwartz
(時間是學校，我們在裡面學習；時間是火焰，
我們在其中燃燒。)
 You must have been warned against letting the
golden hours slip by; but some of them are
golden only because we let them slip by.
─James M. Barrie
(你一定被警告過不要讓黃金時光溜走；但一
些時刻之所以美好就是因為我們讓它溜走
了。)
 Better three hours too soon than a minute too
late. ─William Shakespeare
(早到三小時比遲到一分鐘好。)
 Those who make the worst use of their time are
the first to complain of its shortness. ─Jean de
La Bruyère
(最不善於利用時間的人，最先抱怨時光短
暫。)
II. The suffix “-ward(s)”
The suffix “-ward(s)” can be used to form
an adjective or adverb. It means “moving in
or in the direction of something.”
downward 向下 earthward 向地面
sunward 向陽
backward 向後的
windward 迎風的 homeward 在歸途上的
字尾“ward”可用以構成形容詞或副詞，此
類字尾的字詞常表示「朝…的方向」，英式
英語習慣拼作“wards”，例：
 in → inward(s) 向內的(地)
 left → leftward(s) 向左的(地)
 sky → skyward(s) 朝天的(地)
 east → eastward(s) 向東的(地)
 land → landward(s) 向陸的(地)
 river → riverward(s) 向河的(地)