Bulgarian history
and culture
Madara Horseman

Represents a medieval stone relief on the northwestern slope of the
Madara Plateau, 1.5 km. east of the village of Madara (Shoumen region).
Cut at a height of 23 m. from the base of a cliff. In the scale is depicted a
horseman underway right a jumping dog that follows him, and pierced the
lion fallen under the front legs of the horse.The Composition symbolizes
the victory over the enemy. The image reminds triumphant scenes in relief
sculpture of the Iranian East and ancient artistic traditions. Details
determine dating and support the thesis of the origin of proto relief. It is
assumed that depicts Khan Tervel as the winner. Madara Horseman is
listed as a UNESCO World Heritage.
Kazanlashka grobnica

In the corridor are painted battle scenes, the camera is a
unique scene of the funeral feast, and the symbolic
transmission of the deceased Thracian ruler, accompanied
by three racing chariots. The frescoes of the main frieze in
the vault room is entered between two belt with ornaments.
Displayed a unique scene of glorification deceased and his
wife, sitting at a funeral feast, accompanied by servants,
musicians, guards and coachmen. Images are an important
source for the study of life, lifestyle, clothing, armor and
appearance of the Thracians. This is the best preserved in
Bulgaria monument of Thracian art and one of the few
remaining today, masterpieces of ancient zhivopis.For
Kazanlak tomb was constructed special protective building
with an air conditioning, which provides conditions for the
preservation of the frescoes. Near the original was built
replica, open for visits.
Golqmata kosmatka

Kosmatka mound was discovered by the team of Dr. Georgi
Kitov a few years ago. There is the first tomb, which
archaeologists are sure that a Thracian ruler - Bronze head
open, according to them is Seuthes III. The Tomb mound
Ostrusha was also typical cult temple, which in the IV
century ruler was buried with his horse. Although it is open
earlier than Kosmatka, the road to it is still in poor
condition. It is unique in the ceiling with the solar disk in
the middle and with images of mythological paintings .They
suggest the Greek influence in the Thracian culture.
Another became famous hill in the area is a saint, which
opened the famous gold mask of the Thracian king Teres.
Perperikon

Perperikon (Perperikon) is a great megalithic
sanctuary, which forms one of the oldest and
most historically significant archaeological
complexes opened in the Bulgarian land. Quantity
and type of evidence was found proving that this
place was located in the famous ancient temple
of Dionysus. Perperikon is where it was believed
to have been exposed relics of Orpheus, or part
thereof. The whole archaeological complex
Perperikon consists of four main parts of the
Stone Age.
Nessebar (old town)

In 71 BC, Messembria (Nessebar) falls under the authority
of the Roman Empire, but remained relatively independent,
such as the right to mint its own coins. After the collapse of
the Roman Empire, Byzantine fortress town of considerable
importance, while not being conquered by Khan Krum in
812 d after 2 weeks of siege. In 1956. town was proclaimed
an architectural and archaeological reserve. The remains of
the ancient city wall with a gate dating from III-IV century,
the churches from V-VI century and later, from the
medieval period (X-XIV century), which are fine works of
medieval Bulgarian and Byzantine architecture and about
60 houses, giving a unique appearance and atmosphere of
the city. The ancient part of Nessebar. Nessebar is a cultural
monument by the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage.
Tsarevec

Hill located in Veliko Tarnovo and its castle was the main
stronghold of the former Bulgarian capital. Today there are
remnants of the old fortress, which have been restored and
preserved. The old fort was built on the ruins of ancient
settlements, the first of which was built in the 4th
millennium BC. In the early Middle Ages this was the
biggest city in the province of Lower Moesia. On these
ancient ruins was built in IX century and the Bulgarian
fortress. Today you can see the ruins of the citadel of the
ancient city, which were inhabited by the king's palace
throne room, the Patriarchate and the Patriarch's residence.
Because of the greatness and beauty of the fort, on its
ruins is organized architectural museum reserve Tsarevets,
where knowledgeable guides can you walk and tell you
details of the great history of the hill and the city.
Baba Vida

It is believed that the foundation stone of Baba Vida
fortress were laid in the late 10th century, they lie on one
of the towers of the ancient Bono, who was the chief
Roman observatory. The fortress served to protect the local
ruler and the entire town of Vidin in almost all Ages.
Finalized construction of the Baba Vida Fortress acquired
during the 14 century, when major reconstruction and
reinforcement of the building makes Vidin Tzar Ivan
Sratsimir (1352 to 1397 on). He became Baba Vida ruler in
his main residence. The fortress covers an area of 9, 5
acres with a moat. He has two surrounding walls, which
were located 11 defensive towers (one of them is XVIIv.).
The castle was build on a few occasions when the city was
under the management of Austrian and Turkish empires
and the Bulgarian kingdom.
The Palace in Balchik

During the Balkan War Romania invaded Bulgaria on June
28, 1913 and Dobrudja and Bulgarian army occupied
territories to the line-Tutrakan Balchik. Queen of Romania Victoria Alexandrina Maria de Edinburgh like many
conquered Bulgarian lands for interesting rocks Balchik,
mild climate and warm sea water. Along the Romanian
aristocracy in Balchik buy places many Romanian
intellectuals, including renowned artist Chichiliya Kutsesku
Stork. Thus, "Palace" has become a significant cultural
center in the Black Sea. On September 7, 1940 the
Bulgarian foreign policy managed by contract to return
Craiova Balchik and all over Southern Dobrudja to Bulgaria.
Then the palace is well preserved and permanently
restored, and after 80 years become a tourist center.
Plovdiv Ancient Theatre

The ancient theater was built the Roman emperor Trajan
during the II century Teatatat is built in a natural saddle
between Djambaz Tepe and Taxim Tepe and was one of the
most important public buildings of Trimontium, remarkable
for its architectural and splendor. Divided into two grade for
fourteen rows of seats separated by a horizontal path
(diazoma), the ancient theater could accommodate over
5,000 spectators. The stage was decorated with friezes,
cornices and statues. Was discovered during archaeological
excavations conducted in 1968-79 year from the
Archaeological Museum - Plovdiv. The amphitheater teatron
survived 20 of 28 lines. Included within the architectural
reserve Old Plovdiv, the theater entered its ensemble as the
most emblematic monument of continuous cultural and
historical continuity, carried out on three hills over the
centuries.
Shipka monument

Shipka during the Russian-Turkish War (1877-1878) is playing one
of the most decisive battles which determined the victorious
outcome of the war, brought Bulgarian from five centuries of
Ottoman rule. Together with Russian troops in the fighting were
involved and 6000 Bulgarians. At the very top stands the
Monument of Freedom. It was built with voluntary contributions of
the Bulgarian people, designed by architect Atanas Donkozh
Alexander Andreev and sculpture. Inaugurated in 1934 The
monument is 31.5 meters high, it leads to 894 steps. Above the
main entrance proudly stands a bronze lion. The other 3 sides are
inscribed the names of Shipka, Stara Zagora and Sheinovo battlefields. On the ground floor of the monument, a marble
sarcophagus held the bones of the fallen heroes in battle. In the
remaining 7 floors exposed exposure, which tells of the heroism of
Russian soldiers and Bulgarian volunteers during the five-month
defense of Shipka. It includes a rich collection of orders and
medals, photographs and documentary material weapons. There
is a copy of the Samara flag.