DO NOW

IN YOUR OWN WORDS DEFINE THE WORD
HISTORY. WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO YOU? WHAT
IS HISTORY USED FOR?
DO NOW


IN YOUR OWN WORDS DEFINE THE WORD
HISTORY. WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO YOU?
WHAT DO YOU HOPE TO LEARN FROM THIS
WORLD HISTORY CLASS?
DO NOW


WHAT IS PREHISTORY? HOW DO WE KNOW
AND UNDERSTAND WHAT WENT ON DURING
PREHISTORY?
THINK ABOUT THE ACTIVITY THAT WE DID THIS
WEEK.
Scientific Method
Ask a question
 Do background research
 Construct a hypothesis by doing an
experiment
 Analyze your own data and draw a
conclusion
 Communicate your results

CHAPTER 1: THE FIRST HUMANS

Historians rely mostly on documents, or written
records, to create their pictures of the past.
However, no written records exist for the prehistory
of humankind. In fact, prehistory means the period
before writing was developed.
Chapter 1: The First Humans

The story of early humans depends on
archaeological and, more recently, biological
information. Archaeologists and anthropologists use
this information to create theories about our early
past. What are archaeologists and anthropologists,
and what kinds of information do they provide?
Section 1: Early Humans

1. prehistory


2. archaeology


3. artifacts

4. anthropology


1. the period before written
records
2. the study of past societies
through an analysis of what
people have left behind
3. tools, pottery, paintings,
weapons, buildings etc.
4. study of human life and
culture by using artifacts and
fossils
Archaeologists dig up and examine artifacts while anthropologists examine the
artifacts and fossils to determine how people lived their lives. By examining
artifacts such as pottery tools, and weapons, for example, these scientists learn
about the social and military structures of a society. By analyzing bones, skins, and
plant seeds, they are able to piece together the diet and activities of early people.

5. fossils


6. radiocarbon dating

5. bones, skins, and plant
seeds
6. tracing the amount of C14 left in a deceased
being (determining age of
artifacts up to 50,000 yrs
old)
The earliest humanlike creatures lived in Africa as long as three to four
million yrs ago were called australopithecines or “southern-ape” whom
flourished in eastern and southern Africa. They were the first hominids.




7. australopithecines (3-4
Million yrs ago)
8. hominids
9. homo erectus (1.5 Million
yrs ago)
10. homo sapiens (250,000
yrs ago)




7. earliest humanlike
creatures; hominids
8. humans and other
creatures that walk upright
9. “upright human being”
created more varied tools;
able to use fire
10. “wise human being”
Migration of Neanderthals
A Brief History of Neanderthals
Two distinct subgroups, Neanderthals and Homo sapiens sapiens
both developed from Homo sapiens.


11. Neanderthals
(100,000-30,000 B.C.E)
12. Homo sapiens sapiens
(150,000-200,000 yrs
ago)


11. used stone tools and
were the first to bury their
dead found in the Neander
Valley in Germany
12. “wise wise human
being” modern humans;
replace the Neanderthals
Spread of Homo sapiens sapiens
Early Stages of Human
Development
Australopithecines (3-4 Million yrs ago)
Homo erectus (1.5 Million yrs ago)
Homo sapiens (250,000 yrs ago)
Neanderthals (100,000-30,000 B.C.E) Homo sapiens sapiens (150,000200,000 yrs ago)
DO NOW


WHAT IS PREHISTORY? HOW DO WE KNOW
AND UNDERSTAND WHAT WENT ON DURING
PREHISTORY?
THINK ABOUT THE ACTIVITY THAT WE DID THIS
WEEK.
DO NOW


READ PAGES 20-21 UNDER THE SECTION TITLED
DATING ARTIFACTS AND FOSSILS.
HOW DO ARCHAEOLOGISTS AND
ANTHROPOLOGISTS DETERMINE THE AGES OF
FOSSILS AND ARTIFACTS?
DO NOW



LOOK AT THE PALELOLITHIC CAVE PAINTING AT
THE TOP OF PAGE 25 OF YOUR TEXTBOOKS.
TO MAKE THESE PAINTINGS, PALEOLOTHIC
ARTISTS USED STONE LAMPS IN WHICH THEY
BURNED ANIMAL FAT TO ILLUMINATE THE CAVE
WALLS AND COMBINED POWDERED MINERAL
ORES WITH ANIMAL FAT TO CREATE RED, YELLOW,
AND BLACK PIGMENTS.
WHAT DO YOU BELIEVE WAS THE PUROSE OF
THESE PAINTINGS? EXPLAIN YOUR ANSWERS.
DO NOW



LOOK AT THE PALELOLITHIC CAVE PAINTING AT
THE TOP OF PAGE 5 OF YOUR TEXTBOOKS.
TO MAKE THESE PAINTINGS, PALEOLOTHIC
ARTISTS USED STONE LAMPS IN WHICH THEY
BURNED ANIMAL FAT TO ILLUMINATE THE CAVE
WALLS AND COMBINED POWDERED MINERAL
ORES WITH ANIMAL FAT TO CREATE RED, YELLOW,
AND BLACK PIGMENTS.
WHAT DO YOU BELIEVE WAS THE PUROSE OF
THESE PAINTINGS? EXPLAIN YOUR ANSWERS.
The CE/BCE designation uses the year-numbering system introduced by the 6thcentury Christian monk Dionysius Exiguus, who started the Anno Domini
designation, intending the beginning of the life of Jesus to be the reference date.
Neither notation includes a year zero, and the two notations (CE/BCE and AD/BC)
are numerically equivalent; thus "2013 CE" corresponds to "AD 2013" and "399
BCE" corresponds to "399 BC". The CE/BCE notation has been adopted by
numerous authors and publishers wishing to be neutral or sensitive to nonChristians because it does not explicitly make use of religious titles for Jesus, such
as "Christ" and Domin- ("Lord"), which are used in the BC/AD notation, nor does it
give implicit expression to the Christian creed that Jesus was the Christ

13. B.C.E (B.C.)


14. C.E. (A.D.)

13. Before Common Era
or Current Era
14. Common Era or
Current Era
The Paleolithic Way of Life

For hundreds of thousands of years, humans
relied on hunting and gathering for their daily
food. Paleolithic peoples, had a close
relationship with the world around them. They
came to know what animals to hunt and what
plants to eat. They gathered wild nuts, berries,
fruits, wild grains, and green plants. Around the
world, they hunted and ate various animals,
including buffalo, horses, bison, and reindeer. In
coastal areas, fish provided a rich source of food.
One of the basic features of the human species is the ability to make tools. The
earliest tools were made of stone. The term Paleolithic is used to designate the early
period of human history (approximately 2,500,000 to 10, 000 B.C.) in which humans
used simple stone tools.


15. Paleolithic Age  15. “Old Stone” Age (period of human
(2,500,000 to 10, history in which humans used simple stone
tools)
000 B.C.E)
16. acquiring food



17. nomads

16. hunting and gathering with use of spear,
bow and arrow, harpoons and fishhooks
(buffalo, bison, horses, and deer) (nuts and
berries)
17. people who move from place to place
following animal migration and vegetation
cycles
The Paleolithic Way of Life

Archaeologists and anthropologists have
speculated that nomads live in small groups of
twenty to thirty. Hunting depended on careful
observation of animal behavior patterns and
demanded group efforts for any real chance of
success. Groups of people in search of food,
moved beyond their old hunting grounds at a rate
of only two to three miles per generation. This
was enough; however, to populate the world over
tens of thousands of years.
Spread of Homo sapiens sapiens
DO NOW



DISTINGUISH THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
PREHISTORY AND HISTORY.
WHAT MUST SCIENTISTS DO INORDER TO PIECE
TOGETHER WHAT HAPPENED DURING THE
PREHISTORIC AGES?
WHAT ARE THESE SCIENTISTS CALLED?
It is probable that both men and women were responsible for finding food—the
chief work of Paleolithic peoples. Because women bore and raised children,
they were likely to have stayed close to their camps while men would hunt (which
might take place far from camp.

18. men acquiring food


19. women acquiring food

20. shelter


18. by hunting large animals away
from camp
19. staying close to their camp
gathering nuts and berries
20. caves; overtime creating simple
structures of wood poles/animal
bones and animal hides
As early hominids moved from the tropics into colder regions, they needed
to adjust to new, often harsh conditions. Perhaps most important to their
ability to adapt was the use of fire. Archaeologists have discovered the
piled remains of ashes in caves that prove that Paleolithic people used
fire systematically as long ago as 500,000 yrs. At a Homo erectus site in
northern China, archaeologists have discovered hearths, ashes, charcoal,
and charred bones.
 21. social equality
 21. probably existed b/t men and women
because both were providers of food

22. use of fire

22. gave warmth; protection; was used for
hunting; to cook (made the food longer
lasting; better tasting; and easier to chew
and digest)
DO NOW


A group of you are trapped on a secluded island
and have no way off and no means of food. What
roles would you give men and what roles would you
give women when it comes to survival such as
retrieving food?
Distinguish between the roles of Paleolithic men and
women in finding food. Explain why finding food
was the principal work of Paleolithic peoples.
DO NOW


ALTHOUGH DURING THE PREHISTORIC AGE THERE
WERE NO WRITTEN RECORDS, PRETEND AS IF
YOU ARE LIVING DURING THE PREHISTORIC AGES
AND WRITE A ONE PARAGRAPH JOURNAL ABOUT
YOUR LIFE DURING THIS DIFFICULT PERIOD.
WHAT ARE YOUR DAILY DUTIES? HOW DIFFICULT
IS IT TO ACQUIRE FOOD?
Having fire to create a source of heat was especially important when Ice Age
conditions descended on the Paleolithic world. The most recent Ice Age began
about 100,000 B.C.E. and ended in about 8000 B.C.E. During this time, sheets
of thick ice covered large parts of Europe, Asia, and North America.

23. Ice Age (100,000  23. 100,000 yrs ago earth began to cool;
B.C.E.-10,000 B.C.E.)
water froze into huge ice sheets (glaciers)
The most recent Ice Age

Ice Age conditions posed a serious threat to human
life, and the ability to adapt was crucial to human
survival. The use of fire, for example, reminds us
that early humans sometimes adapted not by
changing themselves to better fit their environment
but by changing the environment.
The importance of art to human life is evident in one basic fact: art
existed even in pre-history among the hunters and gatherers of the
Paleolithic Age. Cave paintings discovered in France contained more than
three hundred paintings of lions, oxen, owls, panthers, and other animals.

24. Creating art
(25,000-12,000
B.C.E)



24. cave paintings of
lions, owls, oxen, panthers
and other animals
By crushing mineral ores and
combining them with animal
fat, they could paint in red,
yellow and black
Paintings were possibly
developed for a magical or
religious purpose to ensure a
successful hunt
DO NOW


Distinguish between the roles of
Paleolithic men and women in finding
food. Explain why finding food was the
principal work of Paleolithic peoples.
Look in your notes!!!!!!
Creating art Lascaux, France Cave
Paintings


http://www.lascaux.culture.fr/#/en/02_00.xml
http://edsitement.neh.gov/lesson-plan/cave-artdiscovering-prehistoric-humans-throughpictures#sect-activities (Activity dealing with
Lascaux, France Cave Paintings)
Think about where you have seen pictures that communicate specific information to
people, such as directions. Look at the pictures below. What are these pictures
communicating? think about why these pictures work well . How can you give
information or tell a story without using words? What story might a picture tell?
Section 2: The Neolithic Revolution and
the Rise of Civilization



1. Neolithic Revolution
(8000 -4000 B.C.E)

2. Neolithic

3. systematic
agriculture

1. the agricultural revolution that
caused a shift from the hunting of
animals and the gathering of
food to the keeping of animals
and growing food
2. “new stone”
3. growing of food on a regular
basis
The growing of crops on a regular basis gave rise to more permanent
settlements. Historians refer to these settlements as Neolithic farming villages.
Neolithic villages appeared in Europe, India, Egypt, China, and Mesoamerica.

4. domestication

4. adaptation for human use
(ex: dogs, cows, pigs, sheep)
provided a steady source of
meat, milk, and wool
Neolithic Farming Villages

The growing of crops on a regular basis gave rise
to more permanent settlements. Historians refer to
these settlements as Neolithic farming villages.
Neolithic villages appeared in Europe, India, Egypt,
China, and Mesoamerica. The oldest and biggest
ones, however, were located in Southwest Asia. For
example, Jericho, in Palestine near the Dead Sea,
was in existence by 8000 B.C.E.
Catal Huyuk, located in modern-day Turkey, was an even larger community. Its walls
enclosed 32 acres, and its population probably reached 6,000 inhabitants during its
high point from 6700 to 5700 B.C.E. People in Catal Huyuk lived in simple mudbrick
houses built so close to one another that there were few streets. To get to their homes,
people had to walk along the rooftops and then enter through holes in the roofs.

5. Neolithic Farming
Villages

5. permanent
settlements/communities
(ex: Jericho & Catal Huyuk)
is located in Palestine near
the Dead Sea
DO NOW


WHAT IS THE PALEOLITHIC AGE AND THE
NEOLITHIC AGE?
DISTINGUISH THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE
PALEOLITHIC AGE AND THE NEOLITHIC AGE AS
FAR AS HOW PEOPLE ACQUIRED THEIR FOOD.
DO NOW

WHAT IS DOMESTICATION AND HOW WAS IT
VITAL TO THE NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION??????
The oldest and biggest Neolithic farming villages were located in
Southwest Asia such as Jericho in Palestine near the Dead Sea
and Catal Huyuk located in modern day Turkey.

6. Catal Huyuk



7. acquiring food

6. farming village; lived in
simple mud brick houses
The houses were so close
together that people had
to walk along the rooftops
and then enter through
holes in the roofs
7. people grew their own
food and kept it in
storerooms; domesticated
animals and hunted
Archaeological digs in Catal Huyuk

Archaeologists have found 12 products that were
grown in this community, including fruits, nuts, and
three kinds of wheat. People grew their own food
and kept it in storerooms within their homes.
Domesticated animals, especially cattle, yielded
meat, milk, and hides. Hunting scenes on the walls
of the ruins of Catal Huyuk indicate that the people
also hunted.
Diagram of Catal Huyuk
As a result of this food production, people often had more food than they
needed right away. In turn, food surpluses made it possible for people to
do things other than farming. Some people became artisans.

8. artisans



9. religion
8. skilled workers who made
products such as weapons and
jewelry that were traded with
neighboring people
9. special buildings with shrines
containing figures of gods and
goddesses female statues were
created often displaying the act of
giving birth or nursing a child. These
“earth mothers” may well have been
connected with goddess figures.
Consequences of the Neolithic Age
(8,000 B.C.E.-4,000 B.C.E.)

Systematic agriculture

Domestication of animals

Building permanent settlements

Growth of population

Urbanization

roles of men and women alter

Trade develops (exchange of ideas)

Division of labor emerges

Government develops along with military

Interaction with other communities through trade

Cultural diffusion/exchange of technology

Development of culture
DO NOW


EXPLAIN THE NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION. WHAT
DOES THE NEOLITHIC (AGRICULTRAL REVOLUTION)
LEAD TO WHEN IT COMES TO DISCUSSING
SOCIETIES. EXPLAIN WHY….
LOOK IN YOUR NOTES!!!
Artisans: Skilled workers made products such as
weapons and jewelry that were traded with
neighboring people
Fish Hook
Neolithic Pot
Clay Figure
Consequences of the Neolithic
Revolution

The Neolithic agricultural revolution had far-reaching
consequences. The dramatic changes that took place
during this period led to further changes, affecting
the way that people would live for thousands of
years. For example, once people began settling in
villages or towns, they saw the need to build houses
for protection and other structures for the storage of
goods. The organized communities stored food and
other material goods, which encouraged the
development of trade. The trading of goods caused
people to begin specializing in certain crafts, and a
division of labor developed.
The Neolithic agricultural revolution had far-reaching consequences. The
dramatic changes that took place during this period led to further
changes, affecting the way that people would live for thousands of years.
As men took on more and more of the responsibility for obtaining food
and protecting the settlement, they came to play a more dominant role, a
basic pattern that would remain until our own times.
 10. Consequences of
 10. organized communities, stored
Neolithic Revolution
food and other material goods, began
to trade, created labor division


11. men

12. women

11. became more active in farming
and herding animals
12. stayed at home caring for children
and weaving cloth, turning milk into
cheese and performing other tasks
that required much labor in one place
The end of the Neolithic Age and the
Beginning of the Bronze Age

Between 4000 and 3000 B.C.E. new
developments began to affect Neolithic towns
in some areas. The use of metals marked a
new level of control over the environment.
Even before 4000 B.C.E. craftspeople had
discovered that by heating metal-bearing
rocks, they could turn metal into liquid. The
liquid metal could then be cast in molds to
make tools and weapons. Copper was the
first to be used.
Between 4000 and 3000 B.C. new developments began to affect Neolithic towns in
some areas. The use of metals marked a new level of control over the environment.
Even before 4000 B.C. craftspeople had discovered that by heating metal-bearing
rocks, they could turn metal into liquid. The liquid metal could then be cast in molds to
make tools and weapons. Copper was the first to be used.


13. copper

13. was the first metal to be used by heating
up metal-bearing rocks
14. Bronze Age
 14. craftspeople discovered that by mixing
(3,000-1200 B.C.E.) copper and tin bronze would be created
wide spread use of Bronze from 3000 to
1200 B.C.E;
The Emergence of Civilization

The Neolithic Age set the stage for major changes
to come. As the villagers master the art of farming,
they gradually began to develop more complex
and wealthier societies. These societies began to
build armies and walled cities. By the beginning of
the Bronze Age, large numbers of people were
concentrated in the river valleys of Mesopotamia,
Egypt, India, and China. This would lead to a whole
new patter for human life.
In general terms, the culture of a people is the way of life that they follow. As we
have seen, early human beings formed small groups that developed a simple
culture that enabled them to survive. As human societies grew and became more
complex, a new form of human existence—called civilization—came into being.

15. culture


16. civilization


15. the way of life that people
follow
16. highly organized society which
is a complex culture in which large
number of human beings share a
number of common elements
Historians have identified the basic
characteristics of a civilization. Six of the most
important characteristics are: cities,
government, religion, social structure, writing,
and art
By the beginning of the Bronze Age, large numbers of people were concentrated in the
river valleys of Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, and China. This would lead to a whole new
pattern of life.
6 Most Important Characteristics of a Civilization






1. the rise of cities-developed near river valleys
2. the growth of governments-organized and regulate
human activity
3. the role of religion-explains natural occurrences & own
existence
4. social structure-class system (economic power)
5. The use of writing-record keeping, creative expression
6. Artistic Activity-tools, weapons, buildings, jewelry
DO NOW
WHAT WAS THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG
ARTISTIC ACTIVITIES, RELIGION, AND
GOVERNMENT DURING THE RISE OF
CIVILIZATION??????? (look on page 30 &
31)
DO NOW
Create a diagram like the one below to
show how changes during the Neolithic
Revolution led to the emergence of
civilization. Look in Chapter 1 Section 2
of your textbooks on pages 27-31.
Civilization
DO NOW

LIST THE SIX BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A
CIVILIZATION AND GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF EACH
CHARACTERISTIC!!!!!
QUIZ ESSAYS
(1) One effect of the Neolithic Revolution,
which began around 10,000 B.C.E., was an
increase in human populations. Explain why this
increase happened. Support your answer with
at least two examples. In your response,
include a brief description of the Neolithic
Revolution.
 (2) List the six basic characteristics of a
civilization. Try to explain each of them
thoroughly
