Can We Trust the Bible?
圣经可信吗？
Christianity…
基督教……
All about a person – Jesus Christ
都是关于这个人-耶稣基督
 Not:
而不是：

• A philosophical system (like Buddhism)
一种哲学体系（佛教）
• A code of morals (like Islam)
一种道德观念（伊斯兰教）
• A set of rituals
一套宗教仪式

We know Jesus from the Bible
我们从圣经认识耶稣
世界主要宗教
Bible has 2 Parts:
圣经有两部分：


Old Testament = Jewish Bible
(Tanakh)
旧约=犹太经卷
New Testament = Jesus as the
fulfilment of the Jewish Bible
新约=耶稣应验犹太经卷
The Jewish Bible 犹太经卷
3 Parts:三部分：
• Law 律法书
• Prophets 先知书
• Writings 智慧书
Written in Hebrew and Aramaic
用希伯来和亚拉姆语写成
= The Christian “Old Testament”
(with a different order of
the books)
基督教的“旧约”
（书卷排序不同）
Major Versions of
the “Old Testament”
“旧约”主要版本






Septuagint (LXX) (3rd – 2ndC BC) 希腊文译本
Codex Sinaiticus (AD 4thC) 西奈山抄本
Codex Vaticanus (AD 4thC) 梵蒂冈抄本
Codex Alexandrinus (AD 5thC) 亚历山大抄本
Latin Vulgate (AD 4thC) 拉丁文圣经
Leningrad Codex (AD 11thC) 列宁格勒抄本
= Masoretic Text (MT)  BHS
=马所拉抄本BHS
Codex Sinaiticus 西奈山抄本
Image from http://www.britannica.com
Dead Sea Scrolls 死海古卷

Discovered in caves near Khirbet Qumran.
在库姆兰附近的洞穴发现

800-900 Manuscripts dated from 200 B.C. to A.D 70.
800-900手稿可追溯到公元前200年到公元70年

75% are “sectarian” (non-Biblical scrolls).
75%是当代的文献（与圣经无关的卷轴）

The remaining 25% contain every OT book, except Esther and
possibly Nehemiah (short books).
剩下的25%包含了旧约的每一卷书，除了以斯帖记和尼希米记

Nehemiah is quoted in Qumran documents.
尼希米记在库姆兰文献中有引用

Many manuscripts are only fragments.
很多原稿都是残片
The Psalms Scroll
Merneptah Stele 麦伦普塔赫石碑

A black granite stone, found at Thebes
in 1896, dated to 1209/08 B.C.
黑色花岗岩石碑，1896年在底比斯发现，可
追溯到公元前1209/08年

The stone is 3.18 m high and 1.63 m
wide.
石碑高3.18米，宽1.63米

It primarily commemorates the victory
of Ancient Egyptian king Merneptah in
a military campaign, but its final two
lines refer to an earlier campaign in
Canaan in which Merneptah states that
he defeated Ashkelon, Gezer, Yanoam
and Israel, amongst others.
主要纪念古埃及王麦伦普塔赫的军事胜利，但
最后两行提到先前在迦南的一次战役，打败
过亚实基伦、基色、雅罗安、以色列等

It is presently in the Egyptian Museum
in Cairo.
现陈列在开罗埃及博物馆
Shalmaneser III (859-825 B.C.)
Tribute from Jehu in 841 B.C.
1 Kings 16 列王纪上 16章
23 In the thirty-first year of Asa king of Judah,
Omri became king of Israel, and he reigned twelve
years, six of them in Tirzah. 24 He bought the hill
of Samaria from Shemer for two talents of silver
and built a city on the hill, calling it Samaria, after
Shemer, the name of the former owner of the hill.
(NIV)
23 犹大王亚撒三十一年，暗利登基作以色列王共十二年，
在得撒作王六年。 24暗利用二他连得银子，向撒玛买了撒
马利亚山，在山上造城，就按着山的原主撒玛的名，给所
造的城起名叫撒马利亚。
1 Kings 16 列王纪上 16章
25 But Omri did evil in the eyes of the LORD and sinned
more than all those before him. 26 He followed completely
the ways of Jeroboam son of Nebat, committing the same
sin Jeroboam had caused Israel to commit, so that they
aroused the anger of the LORD, the God of Israel, by their
worthless idols. (NIV)
25 暗利行耶和华眼中看为恶的事，比他以前的列王作恶更甚。26 因
他行了尼八的儿子耶罗波安所行的，犯他使以色列人陷在罪里的那罪，
以虚无的神惹耶和华以色列 神的怒气。
27 As for the other events of Omri’s reign, what he did and
the things he achieved, are they not written in the book of
the annals of the kings of Israel? 28 Omri rested with his
ancestors and was buried in Samaria. And Ahab his son
succeeded him as king. (NIV)
27 暗利其余的事和他所显出的勇力，都写在以色列诸王记上。 28 暗
利与他列祖同睡，葬在撒马利亚。他儿子亚哈接续他作王。
Kurkh Monolith 库尔德石碑

A monolith, discovered in 1868, dated
to 853 B.C.
石碑发现于1868年，可追溯到公元前853年

The stone is 220 cm high.
石碑高2.2米

It covers the first six years of the reign
of the Assyrian king Shalmaneser III
(859-842 B.C.), dealing with his
military campaigns.
记录了亚述王撒缦以色三世（公元前859-842
年）前六年的统治，记载了他的军事胜利

At the end of the monolith is an
account of the battle of Qarqar where
Shalmaneser fought against an alliance
of 12 kings, one of whom was “Ahab of
Israel”.
石碑末尾记载了撒缦以色与亚兰联军的战役，
这只联军共有12个王，其中一个是“北国以
色列王亚哈”


A black basalt stone, bearing an inscription
by the 9th century B.C. Moabite King Mesha,
discovered in 1868.
The Mesha Stele
(Moabite Stone)
黑色玄武岩石碑，记载公元前9世纪摩押王米沙的事
迹，1868年被发现
米沙石碑（摩押石）
The stone is 124 cm high and 71 cm wide
and deep, and rounded at the top.
石碑高1.24米，宽深都是0.71米，圆顶

It was set up by Mesha as a record and
memorial of his victories in his revolt against
Israel.
纪念以色列王亚哈死后米沙王叛变战胜并接管以色
列。



It is refers to ancient Israel (the "House of
Omri"). It bears what is generally thought to
be the earliest extra-biblical reference to the
name Yahweh, whose temple goods were
plundered by Mesha and brought before his
own god Kemosh.
Some scholars reconstruct a possible
reference in line 31 to the “House of David”.
It is currently in the Louvre (www.louvre.fr)
(巴黎卢浮宫网址）
•
•
•
•
•
The events, names, and places
mentioned in the Mesha Stele
correspond to those mentioned in the
Bible.
For example, Mesha is recorded as the
King of Moab in 2 Kings 3:4: “Now
Mesha king of Moab was a sheep
breeder, and he had to deliver to the
king of Israel 100,000 lambs and the
wool of 100,000 rams.”
Kemosh is mentioned in numerous
places in the Bible as the national god
of Moab (1 Kings 11:33, Numbers
21:29, etc.).
The reign of Omri, King of Israel, is
chronicled in 1 Kings 16, and the
inscription records many places and
territories (Nebo, Gad, etc.) that also
appear in the Bible.
Finally, 2 Kings 3 recounts a revolt by
Mesha against Israel, to which Israel
responded by allying with Judah and
Edom to suppress the revolt.
The Mesha Stele
(Moabite Stone)
米沙石碑（摩押石）








A black limestone Obelisk, discovered in
1846 in excavations of Kalhu, the ancient
Assyrian capital.
黑色石灰岩方尖碑，1846 年发掘与古亚述首都卡
拉赫
The stone is 198 cm high and 45 cm wide.
方尖碑高1.98米宽0.45米
It was set up in 825 B.C. to glorify the
achievements of King Shalmaneser III and
his chief minister, listing their military
campaigns of 31 years and the tribute that
they extracted from their neighbours.
公元前825年建立，赞扬撒缦以色三世和主要官员
功绩，列举31年间军事胜利和收取到的邻国的贡物
There are five scenes, each occupies four
panels around the face.
上面描绘五个场景，每个都环绕碑的四面
The caption of the second scene (in
Assyrian cuneiform) reads:
第二个场景的说明文字（亚述楔形文字）
“The tribute of Jehu, son of Omri: I received
from him silver, gold, a golden bowl, a
golden vase with pointed bottom, golden
tumblers, golden buckets, tin, a staff for a
king [and] spears.”
意思是亚述王撒缦以色三世收取以色列王耶户的贡
物，包括金和银，还有一个金碗一个金瓶等
(www.britishmuseum.org)
大英博物馆网址
The Black Obelisk of
Shalmaneser III
撒缦以色三世的黑色方尖碑
The New Testament 新约
3 Parts:三部分
• Gospels 福音书
• Acts 使徒行传
• Letters 书信
Written in Greek 希腊文写成
= The Fulfillment of the
“Old Testament”
=“旧约” 的应验
Timeline of the New Testament
新约时间轴
作者
凯撒
柏拉图
亚里士多德
荷马
新约
写作时间
最早版本
时间跨度 版本数量
P52
The oldest fragment of
the New Testament,
dating from AD 125.
This contains parts of
John 18.
新约最古老残片，可追溯到
公元12年。这里包括部分
约翰福音18章内容
JOSEPHUS (A.D. 93) 约瑟夫斯
He [Ananus] assembled a council of judges, and brought
before it the brother of Jesus, the so-called Christ, whose
name was James, together with some others, and having
accused them as law-breakers, he delivered them over to
be stoned.
Antiquities XX 9:1
于是他（ 亚纳诺斯）下令召集审判议会，将自称是基督的耶稣之弟雅各等人
提审，判他们违法之罪，定他们以乱石击毙之死刑。
《犹太古事记》二十章 9：1
Compare:对比
“Isn’t this the carpenter’s son? Isn’t his mother’s name
Mary, aren’t his brothers James, Joseph, Simon and
Judas?”
Matt 13:55
“这不是木匠的儿子吗？他母亲不是叫马利亚吗？他弟兄们不是叫雅各、约
西、西门、犹大吗？”
马太福音13：55
TACITUS (A.D. 112)塔西佗
Christus, from whom the name [Christians] had its origin,
suffered the extreme penalty during the reign of Tiberius at
the hands of one of our procurators, Pontius Pilate [in]
Judaea. The deadly superstition, thus checked for the
moment, broke out afresh not only in Judaea, the first
source of the evil, but also in the City [of Rome], where all
things hideous and shameful from every part of the world
meet and become popular.
Annals of Imperial Rome XV.44
（基督徒）他们的创始人基督，在提贝里乌斯当政时期便被皇帝的代理官彭
提乌斯·彼拉图斯处死了。这种有害的迷信虽一时受到抑制，但是不仅在犹太、
即这一灾害的发源地，而且在首都本城（罗马，世界上所有可怕的或可耻的
事情都集中在这里，并且十分猖獗）再度流行起来。
《编年史》 （王以铸、崔妙因 译本） 十五章44
Compare:对比
Wanting to satisfy the crowd, Pilate released Barabbas to
them. He had Jesus flogged, and handed him over to be
crucified.
Mark 15:15
彼拉多要叫众人喜悦，就释放巴拉巴给他们，将耶稣鞭打了，交给人钉十字
架。--马可福音15：15
SEUTONIUS 绥托纽阿
As the Jews were making constant disturbances at the
instigation of Chrestus [another spelling of Christus], he
[Claudius] expelled them from Rome.
Life of Claudius 25.4
因为犹太人经常为基督徒之事起哄，因此他（革老丢）下命将他们全部驱出
罗马。
《罗马皇帝革老丢之生平》25.4
Compare:对比：
There [Paul] met a Jew named Aquila, a native of Pontus,
who had recently come from Italy with his wife Priscilla,
because Claudius had ordered all the Jews to leave Rome.
Acts 18:2
遇见一个犹太人，名叫亚居拉，他生在本都；因为革老丢命犹太人都离开罗
马，新近带着妻百基拉从意大利来。保罗就投奔了他们。
使徒行传 18:2
John 20:30-31
约翰福音20:30-31
Jesus performed many other signs in the
presence of his disciples, which are not recorded
in this book. 31 But these are written that you
may believe that Jesus is the Messiah, the Son of
God, and that by believing you may have life in
his name. (NIV)
30
耶稣在门徒面前另外行了许多神迹，没有记在这书上。
31 但记这些事，要叫你们信耶稣是基督，是神的儿子，并
且叫你们信了他，就可以因他的名得生命。
30
Luke 1:1-4
路加福音1:1-4
1 Many have undertaken to draw up an account of the
things that have been fulfilled among us, 2 just as they
were handed down to us by those who from the first were
eyewitnesses and servants of the word. 3 With this in
mind, since I myself have carefully investigated
everything from the beginning, I too decided to write an
orderly account for you, most excellent Theophilus, 4 so
that you may know the certainty of the things you have
been taught. (NIV)
1-2 提阿非罗大人哪，有好些人提笔作书，述说在我们中间所成就
的事，是照传道的人从起初亲眼看见又传给我们的。 3 这些事我既
从起头都详细考察了，就定意要按着次序写给你， 4 使你知道所学
之道都是确实的。
A Summary of the Bible 圣经小结
Creation 受造物
Humanity 人
Israel 以色列
Adam
Abraham/
Isaac/Jacob
David
亚伯拉罕、
Kings
王
Ruling and rescuing a 以撒、雅各
大卫
whole new
people
for himself
Jesus
耶稣
亚当
Christian Jews 犹太基督徒
Christian Gentiles 外邦人基督徒
New Creation
Copyright © 2001 Lionel Windsor
新天新地
God chose
made a special part of
But one
king
came,
Jesus,
humanity,
that
creation,
Israel
From the dynasty of David
神选了一部分特别的人，以色列
神创造了创世中特别的部分
From
the
of Israel
God
chose
anation
King
from
Israel
God
made
the universe.
Israel
is
Humanity.
represented
by
its
BUT
Humanity
rebelled
Born
as
a
human
The神为以色列选了一位王
Kings
(and
Israel)
神创造宇宙
fathers,
Abraham,
Isaac
and
人类 all(Jews)
He
calls
Israelites
to
against
God.
但是有一位王来到，他就是耶稣
The
original
King
was
David
rebelled
against
God.
“TheThe
heavens
and the
earth”
first
Jacob
man,
Adam,
follow
him
但是人类离弃神
God’s
plan
from
before
the
是大卫的子孙，出自以色列国
And
he最开始的王是大卫
therefore
rose
from
王（和全以色列）离弃神
or humanity.
represents
以色列代表它的祖先，亚伯拉罕、
他呼唤以色列人（犹太人）跟从他
We
sinned.
beginning
of
time
was
道成肉身
Thedead
King
was
to
rule
Israel
the
to
rule
and
God
punished
them
and
sent
“Creation”
第一个人，亚当
以撒、雅各
When
this
task
isIsrael
complete,
我们犯了罪
神的计划从一切之先已经开始了
He
died
on
aexile.
cross,
(and
therefore
all
humanity
all
humanity
them
into
“天地”或“受造物”
Israel
was
to
rule
humanity
代表人类
heofwill
return.
and
Gentiles
(non-Jews)
to
God
punished
us
by
death
To
glorify
his
Son,
taking
the
punishment
we
and
creation),
under
God.
他从死里复活，治理以色列和全
神惩罚他们，流放他们
(and
Humanity
therefore
was
creation),
to
当这项工作完成，他就会回来
But Israel
rebelled
follow
him.against
死是我们的惩罚
Jesus
Christ
deserve,
王本应按照神的旨意，治理以色列
人类
under
rule
God.
He
will
renew
God. creation,
也呼唤外邦人（非犹太人）跟从他
and
all 死在十字架上，
of creation
suffered.
要荣耀他的儿子
，因而治理全人类及受造物
creation,
under
God.
which
he
will
rule
over
with
以色列本按照神的旨意，应治理人
但是以色列背叛神
并且所有受造物也受苦
耶稣基督
为我们担了应受的惩罚
This involved
rescuing
Israel
人类要按照神的旨意
类（也包括受造物）
his people
rescuing
Israelrescuing
and all of
opposition.
Thisfrom
involved
治理这地
更新天地，他将治理他的百姓
humanity
from
its
rebellion
这包括拯救以色列脱离逼迫
humanity
This
from
involved
itsthose
rebellion
And
he will
judge
who
against
God.
and
restoring
taking
ittotohim.
God.
do not
belongcare
将以色列和人类从离弃神的罪中拯
of creation.
这包括拯救人类脱离离弃神的境地
并且审判那些不属神的
救
，与神重修和好的关系
这包括要管理万物
Can You Trust the Bible?
圣经可信吗？