Matter
Matter
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PA Standards
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3.2.12.C: Inquiry and Design
3.4.10.A: Physical Science,
Chemistry, and Physics
3.4.12.A: Physical Science,
Chemistry, and Physics
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Apply the elements of
scientific inquiry to solve
multi-step problems.
Explain concepts about
the structure and
properties of matter.
Apply concepts about
the structure and
properties of matter.
Section 1 Objectives:
What is Matter?
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Explain the relationship between matter, atoms, and
elements.
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Distinguish between elements and compounds.
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Describe molecules, and explain how they are
formed.
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Interpret and write some common chemical formulas.
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Categorize materials as pure substances or mixtures.
Explain the relationship between
matter, atoms, and elements.
Thought Questions
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Substances:
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Sugar
Charcoal
Hydrogen
Oxygen
How are these four substances related?
How is sugar like the substances that form it?
Can we mix these substances to form sugar? Why or why not?
What is one way we can classify matter?
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Element, Compound, Mixture
What is Matter?
 Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
 Which of the following are matter?
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Air
Light
Water
Sound
 Element a substance that cannot be separated or broken down
into simpler substances by chemical means
 Atom the smallest unit of an element that maintains the
properties of that element
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“You are what you eat.”
Elements in the Human Body
Distinguish between
elements and compounds.
Composition of Matter
Element
Compound a substance made of atoms of
two or more different elements that are
chemically combined
Composition of Matter
Compounds have unique properties.
• Every compound is different from the elements it
contains.
When elements combine to form a specific
compound, they always combine in the same
proportions.
Activity
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“Mystery Mixture” Lab
Set up Lab
Describe molecules, and
explain how they are
formed.
Composition of Matter, continued
Molecules are the smallest unit of a substance
that keeps all of the physical and chemical
properties of that substance
A molecule acts as a single unit.
• Atoms can join together to make millions of
molecules.
Molecule
Interpret and write some
common chemical formulas.
Composition of Matter
Chemical formula a combination of chemical
symbols and numbers to represent a substance.
Chemical formulas represent compounds and
molecules.
• A chemical formula shows how many atoms of each
element are in a unit of a substance.
Composition of Matter
• What is the chemical formula for glucose?
• C6H12O6
Categorize materials as pure
substances or mixtures.
Activity
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“Mystery Mixture” Lab
Observation 1
Pure Substances and Mixtures
Mixtures are formed by mixing pure
substances.
Pure substance a sample of matter, either a
single element or a single compound, that has
definite chemical and physical properties
Mixture a combination of two or more
substances that are not chemically combined
Pure Substances and Mixtures
Mixtures are classified by how thoroughly the substances mix.
 Heterogeneous mixture substances aren’t mixed uniformly and
are not evenly distributed
 Homogeneous mixture substances are evenly distributed, and
the mixture is the same throughout
 Miscible substances that can be mixed
 Immiscible substances that cannot be mixed
Pure Substances and Mixtures
Pure Substances and Mixtures
Gases can mix with gases.
• Air is a mixture of gases.
Gases can mix with liquids.
Activity
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“Mystery Mixture” Lab
Observation 2
Analysis/Conclusion
Thought Questions
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Classify each of the following as an element or compound:
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Sulfur, S8
Methane, CH4
Carbon Monoxide, CO
Cobalt, Co
David says, “Pure honey has nothing else added.” Susan says,
“The honey is not really pure. It is a mixture of many
substances.” Who is right? Explain your answer.
While in the library working on a Physical Science research
project you get a coffee. Is the coffee a pure substance or a
mixture? Now you add cream and sugar. Is the coffee a pure
substance or a mixture? Explain.