Chem150 - Survey of Biochemistry
Introduction
Introduction
• The chemistry we will focus on this semester
• Organic Chemistry
• The chemistry of carbon
• Functional groups
• Biochemistry
• The chemistry of living systems
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Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction
Organic Chemistry
3
Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction
Organic Chemistry
• Hydrocarbons represent the starting point
• Contain only carbon and hydrogen
• Groups include Alkanes, alkenes and alkynes
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
H
Butane
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Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction
Organic Chemistry
• Organic molecule are organized into
functional groups
• Many contain elements other than carbon and
hydrogen
•
•
•
•
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Oxygen
Nitrogen
Sulfur
Halogens (F, Cl, Br, & I)
Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction
Organic Chemistry
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Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction
Organic Chemistry
• Functional Groups
• Hydroxyl groups (alcohols)
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
O
Hydroxyl
Group
H
1-Butanol
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Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction
Organic Chemistry
• Functional Groups
• Amino groups (amines)
H
Amino
Group
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
C
N
H
H
H
H
H
H
1-Butylamine
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Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction
Organic Chemistry
• Functional Groups
• Carbonyl groups (aldehydes and ketones)
H
H
H
H
O
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
Aldehyde
Group
H
Butanal
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Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction
Organic Chemistry
• Functional Groups
• Carboxyl groups (carboxylic acids)
Carboxyl
Group
H
H
H
H
O
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
O
H
Butanoic acid
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Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction
Organic Chemistry
• Functional Groups
• Functional group affect the physical and
chemical properties of organic molecules.
Butane (alkane)
Butanal (aldehyde)
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Butanol (alcohol)
Butanoic acid (carboxylic acid)
Butylamine (amine)
water
Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction
Organic Chemistry
• Functional Groups
• chemical structure affects drug or hormonereceptor interactions
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Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction
Organic Chemistry
• Functional Groups
• Is this even possible?
Or this?
http://www.ftc.gov/opa/2004/04/040429canspam.shtm
Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire
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Introduction
THC and “designer” drugs: is there a case
against “Spice” or K2?
Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction
THC and “designer” drugs
D 9 tetrahydrocannabinol
Anandamide
JWH-018 ?
Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction
ORGANIC MOLECULE IN THE NEWS: Bisphenol A
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Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction
Nalgene polycarbonates
What chemical questions would you want
to have answered to decide ?
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Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction
PHARMACOPHORE IN THE NEWS: Bisphenol A
http://e.hormone.tulane.edu
/learning/estrogens.html
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Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction
Biochemistry
• Biological molecules
• Amino acids and Proteins
• Carbohydrates and Polysaccharides
• Nucleotides and Nucleic acids
• Lipids (Fats, oils)
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Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction
Biochemistry
• Biological molecules
• Amino acids and Proteins
Amino
Group
H
H
H
O
N
C
C
H
C
H
O
Carboxylic Acid
Group
H
H
Alanine
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Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction
Biochemistry
• Biological molecules
• Carbohydrates and Polysaccharides
H OH
H O
HO
HO
H
H
H
OH
OH
Glucose
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Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction
Biochemistry
• Biological molecules
• Lipids (Fats, oils)
H2
C
H3 C
H2
C
C
H2
H2
C
C
H2
H2
C
C
H2
H2
C
C
H2
H2
C
C
H2
H2
C
C
H2
H2
C
C
H2
C
O
CH2
O
CH
O
CH2
O
H2
C
H3 C
H2
C
C
H2
H2
C
C
H2
H2
C
C
H2
H2
C
C
H2
H2
C
C
H2
H2
C
C
H2
H2
C
C
H2
C
O
H2
C
H3 C
H2
C
C
H2
H2
C
C
H2
H2
C
C
H2
H2
C
C
H2
H2
C
C
H2
H2
C
C
H2
H2
C
C
H2
C
O
Triglyceride
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Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction
Biochemistry
• Biological Macromolecules
• Proteins, Polysaccharides and Nucleic Acids
• Metabolism
• Taking things apart
• Putting things together
• Obtaining and using energy
• Regulation of processes.
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Chem150, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction