Lesson 6.2
Introduction to
inorganic materials
chemistry
content
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words
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Expressions and Technical Terms
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Text
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appendix
Words
无机化学材料
ceramics [si`ræmiks] n. 制陶术, 制陶业
glassy [`gla:si] adj. 象玻璃的
recognition [͵re kəg`niʃən] n. 赞誉, 承认, 重视, 公认, 赏识
subdiscipline [sʌb`disiplin] n. (学科的)分支,分科
multicomponent [mʌltikə`pəunənt] 多成分的, 多组分的
superconductor [͵sju:pəkən`dʌktə] 超导(电)体
monolithic [͵mɔnə`liѲik] n. 单片电路, 单块集成电路
其他
carbide [`ka:baid] n. [化]碳化物
boride [`bɔraid] n. [化]硼化物
nitride [`naitraid] n. [化]氮化物
sulfide [`sʌlfai] n.[化]硫化物
selenide [slinaid] n. [化]硒化物,硒醚
telluride [teljuraid] n. [化]碲化物
combination [͵kɔmbi`neiʃən] n.化合, 化合物
Expressions and Technical Terms
对应职业岗位
规格
epitaxial film 取向附生膜
lead zirconate titanate锆钛酸铅
chemical sense [生理]化学感觉
adhesion [əd`hi:ʒən] n. 吸附
abrasion [ə`breiʒən] n.磨损
methodology [͵meѲə`dɔlədʒi] n. 方法学, 方法
论
resultant materials 合成材料
text
Existed in both inorganic chemistry and
ceramics. Inorganic materials chemistry applies the
expertise developed over the years in inorganic
chemistry to developing ceramic and glassy
materials with improved properties and relative ease
of processing.无机材料化学所包括的技术领域历来都存
在于无机化学和制陶业。随着工艺的改进和处理过程的简
化，无机材料化学应用在无机化学中多年来发展成熟的技
术，来发展制陶和玻璃材料。
text
Growing acceptance in recent years of the
importance of chemistry to materials preparation
and processing has resulted in the recognition of
materials chemistry as a distinct subdiscipline of
chemistry.最近几年，材料化学作为化学学科的分支，其
材料加工和处理的重要性被越来越多的人所接受。
Materials chemistry, in general, can be defined
as the chemical science, which deals with the
preparation, processing, and analysis of solid-state
materials.材料化学，一般可以被界定为化学学科，其中
涉及制备、处理和固体材料的分析。
text
Inorganic materials chemistry, in
particular, relates to the preparation,
processing, and properties of inorganic
materials, such as metal carbides, borides,
nitrides, oxides, sulfides, selenides,
tellurides, and their combinations.无机材料
化学，特别是涉及到制备，加工和性能的无机
材料，例如作为金属碳化物，硼化物，氮化物，
氧化物，硫化物，硒化物，碲化物及他们的化
合。
text
In contrast to conventional ceramic and glass
processing which require high temperatures and/or
high pressures, inorganic materials chemistry
involves preparation and processing of inorganic
materials under relatively milder temperature and
pressure conditions.和传统的需要高温、高压的陶
瓷和玻璃制造工艺相比无机材料化学包括在相对温
和的温度和压力条件下制备和处理的无机材料。
text
The chemical route to ceramic materials not
only can provide a milder route to ceramic
and glassy materials, but also an opportunity
to prepare unusual forms of existing
materials such as, for example, epitaxial
films, transparent films of otherwise opaque
material, stable colloidal suspensions,
submicron powders, microporous
membranes.制陶材料的化学路线不仅可以为制陶材料
和玻璃材料，提供一个较适合的路线，而且为不同形式的
现有材料提供了一个机会。比如，取向附生膜，另外不透
明材料的透明膜，胶状悬浮态，亚微型的粉末，多微孔的
膜状物。
text
Inorganic materials chemistry can also provide
the opportunity to prepare novel multicomponent
systems that are otherwise difficult to prepare by
conventional techniques.无机材料化学也可以用传统技
术很难制备的多组分系统提供一个机会。
Multicomponent systems such as Y, Ba and Cu
oxide superconductors, for example, can be
prepared in various forms, including films and
powders prepared using novel chemical routes such
as sol-gel and colloidal processing.多组分系统比如Y，
Ba和Cu的氧化物，超导体可以通过不同的方式制得，例
如用溶胶一凝胶法和胶质的处理，等新的化学路线，可以
制得膜或粉末等不同的形态。

text
Also, some materials, such as crystalline lead
zirconate titanate, Pb(Zr, Ti)O3, which could
previously be prepared only in a monolithic form or
as single crystals can now be fabricated, using
chemical processing techniques, as polycrystalline
films having properties similar to single crystals.另
外，一些材料，如锆钛酸铅，Pb(Zr,Ti)O3,这可能原先准
备只在一个单片或作为现在可以仿造的单晶，使用化学处
理技术，作为多晶薄膜具有类似单晶的特性。
text
Another important aspect of materials chemistry
research is the study of the interaction between
materials and their environment.另一个重要方面是材
料化学研究的研究材料之间的相互作用及其环境。
Types of interactions may include corrosion,
adhesion, oxidation, mechanical or chemical
abrasion, thermal shock, chemical sensing, and
thin-film deposition.互动类型可包括腐蚀，附着力，氧
化，机械磨损，热冲击，化学传感，以及薄膜沉积。
text
A complete understanding of such topics requires
expertise in surface science, analytical chemistry,
chemical kinetics, thermodynamics, and modeling of
chemical processes.完全理解这些内容需要具备表面科
学，分析化学，化学动力学，化学热力学，化学处理模拟
等方面的知识
text
A common focus of such studies is the
application of chemical methodologies to provide
both an understanding on the molecular level, as
well as improved control over the properties of
the resultant materials and the interaction of
these materials with the environment.一个这类研究
共同关注的方法是应用化学方法来提供一个分子水平
上的认识，并改善材料的控制性能和由此产生的这些
材料与环境的相互作用。
text
The preparation and characterization of novel
materials are currently the most popular research
topics among the many areas of research in
materials chemistry.新型材料的制备和表征表明目前材
料化学的研究在许多研究课题的领域中是最热门的
text
Topics of interest include the development of
precursors for glass, ceramic, metal, and semiconductor
materials, wet chemical processing, gas phase film
deposition and powder preparation, molecular, micro-,
and macroscopic characterization of the resultant solid
state materials.课题主要包括玻璃前体的制备，陶瓷制品，
金属和半导体材料，湿法化学工艺，气相膜沉积和粉末制
备，合成固体材料的分子，微观和宏观性质表征等。
text
The processing aspects of materials chemistry
present the greatest opportunity for research and may
deal with a variety of individual techniques, such as solgel processing, surface science, metal organic
decomposition (MOD), metal organic chemical vapor
deposition (MOCVD), colloidal processing, nanoscale
materials synthesis, among others.目前材料化学加工方
面的研究最有可能并可能涉及各种个人技术，如溶胶凝胶
加工，表面科学，金属有机分解（国防部），有机金属化
学气相沉积，胶体处理，纳米材料的合成等等。
附录
appendix
附录
appendix