A Brief Insight
By
Leigh Westmore
New Psychoactive Substances
 Legal Highs
 Designer Drugs (70’s)
 Synthetic drugs “mimic known drugs”
 Possible long term physiological health implications.
Chemical have little or no known human and/or
animal research.
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Types of Substances
 Solids in the form of pills (pellets if legal), Powders,
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capsules. Synthetic Technologically made. –
Ethylphenidate and Methiopropramine
Gas – Nitrous oxide (Laughing gas)
Liquid – Amyl Nitrate
Herbal from plants seeds such as Kratom, Salvia, Fly
Agaric, San Pedro cactus)
Animal – cane toad “Bufotenin” similar to 5-meo-dmt
Electronic- Brainwave Entrainment. Hemispheric
Synchronization (binaural beats)
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HISTORY
Alexander Shuglin
2cx
Dox
3cx
Tryptamines
Search For the new Ecstacy
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OFFICIAL
DEVELOPMENT
David E. Nichols
NBOMe
Ralf Heim PHd
2-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-[(2methoxyphenyl)methyl]ethanamine
NBOMe-2ci class a june
NBF
NBOH
NBMD
can degrade?
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John W.
Huffman
JWH – Spice & k2
“It bothers me that people
are so stupid as to use
this stuff”
"I figured once it got started in Germany
it was going to spread. As JWH-018 is
more potent and easy to make,
Huffman believes it is a more widely
used synthetic cannabinoid of the JWH
series.
450 synthetic cannabinoids
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Alexandros Makriyannis – AM
series (MAM – Methyl group)
MAM-2201 Black Mamba
Hebrew University – HU series
Cannaboid Receptor Drug by
Pfizer – CP Series
AB-FUBINACA
AB-PINACA
PF-03550096
THJ-2201 Cannabinoid legal
atm..
Big Medical Research ongoing
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MOLECULE COMPARISON
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CATHINONES
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When are they actually legal?
 They are not controlled under the 1971 Misuse of
Drugs Act
 They are not licensed – Alcohol, Nicotine not a
legal high
 Not covered by the medicines act –
trimethylxanthine (Zanadoo)
 Research “pellet” or chemical
 Term is Misleading “68 deaths”??
 PMMA/PMA and or GBL – Easier synth.
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Current Legislation
 TCDO. Temporary Class Drug Order
 Temporary 12 month ban Making it illegal to sell or
produce
 Recent additions are the NBOMEs, MXE,
BENZOFURANS.
 MXE ceased to be covered by the temporary
prohibition on 26 February 2013, when it became
classified as a Class B drug
 Huge amount of pre-ban purchases.
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WHAT IS AVAILABLE?
 Research chemical
collector item.
 BROMODOL
4-(4-bromophenyl)-4(dimethylamino)-1-(2phenylethyl)cyclohexanol
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SMARTSHOP
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SMARTSHOP
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SMARTSHOP
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SILKROAD
DRUG TSUNAMI
 It is really beginning to feel like, especially in the UK,
Pandora's box wasn't opened, the lid was ripped off,
and this time, even hope escaped.
 Newly Emerging compounds emerging every week
 Analogues of analogues
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EMCDDA
 The EMCDDA is increasingly active in monitoring new
psychoactive substances which may pose health and
social risks to our societies.
 A new psychoactive substance is defined as 'a new
narcotic or psychotropic drug, in pure form or in
preparation, that is not controlled by the United
Nations drug conventions, but which may pose a public
health threat comparable to that posed by substances
listed in these conventions'.
 Early warning system on NPS – Risk assessments on all
NPS.
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WEDINOS
 USERS can send in
samples for confidential
analysis.
 Can safely ascertain
compound and do
subsequent research
websites such as erowid.
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Future legislation
 “We conclude that there is currently and epidemic of
psychoactive substances and it is highly likely that new
psychoactive substances will to continue to increase in the
future unless immediate action is taken…”
 ACPO parliamentary report 2013
 Home Office crime prevention minister, Norman Baker,
said he "strongly disputes"' the EU claim that 20% of legal
highs have "legitimate commercial and industrial uses". –
UK want opt out Emcdda
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The future
 “ The brain….uses about 500, maybe more, different
indigenous materials. It is very likely that any one of
these will have 10 to 1000 different analogues so there is
no shortage of material to explore…. “
Dr Zee
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Question and Answer
 All
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