Classification of
Matter
Atoms,Elements, Compounds,
Mixtures
Lesson Objective
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Atoms
Elements
Molecules
Compounds
Mixtures
What is matter?
Matter is anything that takes up space!!!!
Matter is everything around you. Matter is anything made of atoms and
molecules. Matter is anything that has a mass. There are the states of matter.
The Atom
Atoms
• ATOM-An atom is the smallest unit that
maintains the characteristics of an element
• Makes up everything in the universe
• Think one of the math blocks
The Atom
Nucleus
Protons
Proton
A positively
charged subatomic particle
(+). Atomic
Mass=1 amu
Elements, Compounds
and Mixtures
Introducing Little Miss
“Element”
Hi! I am Little Miss “Element”
I am PURE SUBSTANCE
I cannot be broken down into
any simpler substance by means
of a chemical reaction*
*Chemical process refers to
chemical reaction or heat
Elements
Definition of an element:
An element is a pure substance (entirely
one type of atom) which cannot be split up
into two or more simpler substances by
chemical means.
Sugar is not an element as it can be
broken down into carbon and water.
Elements
Contain only 1 type of atom
Element 1
Element 2
Elements
Note that an element:
• Consists of only one kind of atom,
• Cannot be broken down into a simpler
type of matter by either physical or
chemical means
• Can exist as either atoms (e.g. argon) or
molecules (e.g., nitrogen).
Examples of elements
Elements are made up of tiny particles
Elements can be further classified into two
groups:
Is the smallest particle
of an element and has
the same chemical properties
of the element
Hi, I am from the
“Noble gas” family
and I work alone
Is made up of two or more
atoms that are chemically
bonded together
(note: these atoms are of the
SAME element!!)
We
same
same!!
These are elements!
Atoms of same element
Cu
copper
element
Na
sodium
element
He
Molecules of same element
H
H
Hydrogen
gas element
helium
element
O
O
ozone
O
Atoms
An element is made of tiny particles
called atoms.
The atoms of an element is different
from that of another element.
ElementsAtoms
Consists of
only one kind
of atom
Microscopic view of
the atoms of the
element argon (gas
phase).
What is an atom?
Examples of models of atoms:
H
Hydrogen
atom
Na
Sodium
atom
Cl
Chlorine
atom
Molecules
Very few elements exists as
atoms besides elements such
For example, hydrogen
is H2.
as helium and neon.
Most elements exist as
molecules.
Ozone is O3.
ElementsMolecules
Consists of
only one kind
of atom
Microscopic view of
the molecules of the
element nitrogen (gas
phase).
Examples of molecules
(elements)
O
H
H
O
O
O
S
O
S
S
S
S
S
N
N
S
S
Chemical Symbols of Elements
Chemists use symbols to represent elements.
For example, O represents oxygen while Fe
represents iron.
Element
Symbol
Element
Symbol
Calcium
Ca
Mercury
Hg
Carbon
C
Neon
Ne
Hydrogen
H
Silicon
Si
Iron
Fe
Sodium
Na
Introducing Little Miss
“Compounds”
Harlow! Hehee!!!
*giggles*
I am also a PURE SUBSTANCE
I am made up of a fixed number
of two or more elements
chemically combined.
Compounds
Note that a compound:
• can be broken down into a simpler type of
matter (elements) by chemical means (but
not by physical means),
• has properties that are different from its
component elements
What is a compound?
A compound is a substance which is made up of two or
more elements chemically combined together.
- Chemical reactions taking place.
Qn: Is this a compound?
It only contains one type
Cu
of element.
Qn: Is this a compound? Qn: Is this a compound?
H
H
It only contains one type
of element.
O
O
It is not chemically
H
combined.
H
O
Compounds
When two or more elements are joined
together using energy (e.g. Heat)
Element 1
Element 2
Compound
Compounds
Microscopic view of
the molecules of the
compound water (gas
phase). Oxygen
atoms are red and
hydrogen atoms are
white.
Introducing Little Mr. “Mixture”
Burp!!!! I am messy!
I am formed when two or more substances
joined together physically (without chemical
bonds)
I have the same properties as all the
substances
I am his best
friend!
AIR
Mixtures
Definition of a mixture:
A mixture is not a pure substance as it
contains a mixture of atoms of
molecules which are not chemically
combined together.
Mixtures
Note that a mixture:
• consists of two or more different
elements and/or compounds NOT
chemically combined.
• can be separated into its components by
physical means
Mixtures
Microscopic view of
a gaseous mixture
containing two
elements (argon and
nitrogen) and a
compound (water).
Mixtures
• Examples of
mixtures include
salt and pepper.
Little Mr “Mixture”
A Mixture can be:
• element + element
• element + compound
• compound + compound
He is a “boo-boo!”
He can be separated to its
substances by physical methods
Mixtures
Elements can be mixed NOT JOINED to
make a mixture
Mixture 1
Mixtures
Can be separated to get the elements
Mixture 1
Element 1
Element 2
A mixture of 2 elements
A mixture of two
elements, e.g. neon
(Ne) and hydrogen (H2)
A mixture of 1 element and
1 compound
A mixture of one
element and one
compound, e.g.
hydrogen (H2) and
ammonia (NH3)
A mixture of 2 compounds
A mixture of two
compounds, e.g.
water vapour (H2O)
and carbon dioxide
(CO2)
Conclusion
An element is a pure substance which cannot be
split up into two or more simpler substances
by chemical means.
A compound consist of a fixed number of
different kinds of atoms chemically combined
together.
A mixture is not a pure substance as it contains
a mixture of atoms of molecules which are not
chemically combined together.
Differences between
mixtures and compounds
Laugh what? I
know I am a
little “bushy and
hairy” than
you…
Mr Messy
*giggles
*
HeE
stupid…
Little Miss Compound
Comparison between
mixtures and compounds
Separation
/breakdown
Properties
(chemical /
physical)
Mixture
Compound
Components can be
separated by physical
methods
Same properties as its
components
Elements in a compound
Cannot be separated by
physical methods
Properties are unique and
different from its elements
Elements Compounds Mixture
Contain
only 1 type
of atom
Contain 1
or more
atoms
JOINED
Contain 1
or more
atoms
NOT
JOINED
Challenge Time
• Is mineral water an element, mixture or
compound?
Challenge Time
• Are YOU an element, mixture or
compound?
The End……