Rapid Oil Consumption Measurement Industriegebiet Ost Am Hölzel 11 D-76829 Landau Germany +49.6341.991.0 www.apl-landau.de A new instrument for optimisation of lube oil formulation and reduction of oil related emissions 3rd International Conference LUBRICANTS RUSSIA - 2007 - APL AUTOMOBIL – PRÜFTECHNIK LANDAU GMBH Oil Consumption – Oil Emission oil sump balance oil consumption crack products & PM oil emission oil sump volume = lubeoil + fuel + water + ... leakages fuel deposits in engine lubrication TC Blow-by valve lubrication lubrication pistonpiston ring-cylinder reverse bBlow-by flinging off scraping evaporation lubeoil in exhaust gas combustion deposits, water unburnt HCs from lubeoil fresh oil Mechanism Evaporation Temperatures 0 - 720° Crank Angle Log (T) piston evaporation combustion chamber above piston top ring 2nd ring oilfilm liner water oil evaporation oilfilm cooling water cylinder liner Oil Consumption Measurement Methods without tracer groups of HC- molecules, unchanged fuels + lubes selective ion calculation in mass spectra with tracer radioactive not radioactive Tritium Brom SO2 Chlor Pyren conventional gravimetric volumetric drain / weigh method level measurement Composition of Fuels & Lubes Hydrocarbons carbon hydrogen Diesel fuel overlap Lubeoil distance Gasoline 0 5 10 15 20 25 Carbon Atoms [-] 30 35 40 Measuring Method Mass Segments for Oil Emission ring-shaped hydrocarbons xylene benzene toluene ambient air substances aliphatic hydrocarbons CO2 Ar O2 H2O Intensity N2 Gasoline < 160 m/z Oil emission measuring range > 170 m/z Diesel fuel < 290 m/z 0 50 100 150 Oemr > 300 m/z 350 300 250 Mass(m) / Charge(z) [Atomic mass units] 200 Rapid Oil Emission Measurement Principle sampling in exhaust system ion source vacuum pump hexapol quadrupoles pre vacuum Frequency < 250 Hz mass spectrometer detector high vacuum Stationary Comparison of Oils Oil related oil consumption differences Comparison of Oils C, D & E 50 •measurement •flushing •measurement •flushing •measurement •flushing 45 Oil Consumption [g/h] 4-cyl 2 litres gasoline engine 40 35 Oil Oil Oil Oil Oil Oil 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 2000 4000 Engine Speed [rpm] 6000 C WoT D WoT E WoT C 50% WoT D 50% WoT E 50% WoT Comparison of Oils over Time Comparison of Oils A & B 120 + simulation + calculation 100 80 60 delta eot •rapid oil emission •radio nuclid wear increasing level delta fresh combination of online methods: WoT Oil Consumption [%] running in 40 20 running in constant low level 0 0 50 100 150 200 Running Time [h] 250 300 Oil A Oil B Comparison of Oil Emission Maps 300 h 20 h OIL A OIL B Comparison of Oil Emission Maps vs Time Influence of Motoring / Intake Vacuum Dynamic Behaviour 100 modified by motoring 90 oil emission [g/h] 80 70 60 50 40 30 fired: 20Nm load motored: throttle closed 20 10 0 0 100 200 300 400 time [s] 500 600 700 Dynamic Comparison of Oils 5000 250 4000 200 3000 150 2000 100 1000 50 0 0 0 10 20 30 -1000 Time [min] 40 50 60 -50 Torque [Nm] 300 fired 6000 motored 4-cyl 2 litres gasoline engine Engine Speed [rpm] Test Cycle Dynamic Comparison of Oils C, D & E Test Results 4-cyl 2 litres gasoline engine WOT oil consumptions D<E<C peak oil consumptions D<C<E Oil Consumption [g/h] 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 10 20 30 Time [min] 40 50 Oil C 60 Oil D Oil E Peak oil consumption up to 500 g/h Summary & Conclusions 1. A new rapid oil consumption measurement technique allows measurements up to 250 Hz 2. This enables the "fine tuning" of lube oils like no other method 3. For some OEMs the traditional oil quality specifications, together with their on top inhouse requirements are no longer sufficient 4. Oil quality and formulation modifications can quickly be compared without influence of changes in the engine 5. In combination with online wear measurement this is the quickest development tool for the moment 6. Simulation techniques and calculations can additionally support the lube oil development