Need to add in info
on subshells and
electron
configuration, noble
gas configuration
THURSDAY, MAY 31ST (NB PG 43)
Obj: Answer MCAS questions related to
Alchemy
Lang. Obj: use correct terms for atoms
and the PT
HW: make up work!
Announcements:
– Make-up work deadline is Wednesday, June
13th, 2:00pm
– Chemistry MCAS is June 5th and 6th
– AP Chemistry forms back ASAP!
– Mr. Banks is afterschool today after 3 and
Monday (no other days next week!)
CHEMCATALYST (NB PG 43)
Answer MCAS questions 1-10 on notebook page
43 (skip the open response)
• note that there are ‘hints’ for some problems
ANSWER KEY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
C
A
A
B
A
B
B
8. D
9. B
10. C
11.
WHAT WAS DIFFICULT ABOUT THIS?
1. There were a few concepts that we didn’t cover:
1.Question 4: releasing heat
2.Question 5: percent by mass
3.Question 8: oxidation-reduction
4.Question 9: buffer solutions
5.Question 11: freezing point
“…BUT I’M NOT TAKING THE CHEMISTRY MCAS,
WHY DO I HAVE TO REVIEW FOR IT?”
Yes, but everyone is taking the City Test, and…
• The City Test, your final exam, is based on the MCAS
• Some questions on the City Test are exactly the same as MCAS
• They cover the same content
TODAY’S AGENDA
1. Answer Practice Questions 1-10 (10 min)
2. Q& A and Answer key (10 min)
3. Alchemy Review (15 min)
4. Selected MCAS Q’s practice (15 min)
5. Answer key, Q&A (5 min)
6. Closing Q (5 min)
ALCHEMY REVIEW
Quick…define matter
NOTES (NB PG 23)
Matter is anything that has
mass and volume (takes up
space)
Energy is the ability to do work
or make reactions happen.
What is the difference
between mass and
volume?
MASS AND VOLUME
• Mass is a measure of the amount of substance.
Mass can be measured using an electronic or
triple beam balance.
• Volume is the amount of space occupied by an
object. The volume of a liquid can be measured
in a graduated cylinder.
• Objects with similar volumes can have different
masses, and vice versa.
What is the difference between
and intensive property and an
extensive property?
NOTES (NB PG 31)
m
d x V
Extensive property: A characteristic that is specific to the amount of matter.
(ex: size, shape)
Intensive property: A characteristic that does not depend on the size or the
amount of matter. (ex: density)
Density: defined as the mass per unit volume (units are usually g/ml = “grams
per milliliter”). It is a measure of how much ‘stuff’ is packed into a certain
space, where higher density means more stuff packed in
What is the difference between
a pure substance and a
mixture?
PURE SUBSTANCES VS. MIXTURES
Pure Substances
are made of one
kind of ‘unit’ that
is chemically
bonded together
Matter
Pure Substances
elements
Mixtures are
made of many
kinds of ‘units’
not chemically
bonded together
compounds
made up of atoms
mixture
homogeneous
heterogeneous
made up of atoms
Can you break down elements
under ordinary lab conditions?
ELEMENTS AND MATTER
1. An element is a unique form of matter that serves
as a building material for more complex matter.
a) elements cannot be broken apart into two different
substances.
b) elements are not destroyed when combined under
ordinary lab conditions
2. No matter what was done to the copper, in the end
it was back to copper powder.

3.
We can account for all the substances that combined with the copper, thus nothing
was ‘created out of nothing’.
Law of conservation of mass/matter: The law states that
mass/matter cannot be gained or lost in a chemical
reaction–matter cannot be created or destroyed.
How is the Periodic
Table organized?
PERIODIC TABLE
Mendeleyev organized the periodic
table based on the atomic weight
and properties of the elements.
Mendeleyev’s arrangement of the
elements helped to predict the
existence of undiscovered elements.
What is the difference between a
group and period in the periodic
table?
GROUPS AND PERIODS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Periodic: occurring or appearing at regular intervals or in
regular cycles*
Group: a column in the PT
Period: a row in the PT
Elements in the same group tend to have properties that are:

Exactly the same, or

Change in a regular & predicable way
Atomic Weight: the average mass of an atom/element
http://encarta.msn.com
Where are the metals
located in the PT?
The non-metals?
EXAMPLE:
How did Ernest Rutherford’s
gold foil experiment change
the model of the atom?
Major changes from
the previous model:
Experiment 2 Summary
J.J. Thomson
Experiment 1 Summary
Majo
the pr
Experiment 3 Summary
Ernest Rutherford
John Dalton
1. Observed that
elements combine in
whole number ratios
to form compounds
2. Matter is not
created or destroyed
in chemical reactions
3. Elements are
made of tiny,
indivisible particles
called atoms
1. most of atom
is a positive
‘pudding’
2. Has tiny
particles with a
negative charge
Led
to
Le
d
to
1911:
Nuclear Model
1803: “Solid
Sphere model”
1. Po
is de
and
of th
2. E
circl
nucl
and
nega
1897: “Plum
Pudding” model
Le
d
to
Major changes from
the previous model:
Experiment 5 Summary
Ernest Rutherford
Experiment 4 Summary
Neils Bohr
Major changes from
the previous model:
Led to
1918: Proton Model
1913: Solar
System model
L
ed
to
Experiment 7 Summary
James Chadwick
Major changes from
the previous model:
Major changes from
the previous model:
Experiment 6 Summary
Werner Heisenberg
Note: this model should show
only protons in the nucleus
Led to
L
(N
w
co
How many protons, neutrons, and
electrons are there in one atom of
Beryllium-9?
Where is most of its mass located?
Handout #64
Atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
Label:
Protons
neutrons
electrons
Nucleus
Beryllium Atom
element
(hint:
see back
of pg 56)
Fluorine
Atom
chemical atomic
# of
# of
symbol number protons electrons
Carbon Atom
# of
mass
neutrons number
atomic
weight
(P+N)
beryllium
5
fluorine
10
6
9
9.012
12
chlorine
18
lead
126
35.45
How many protons and neutrons are
there in the following isotope?
6
3
Li
ISOTOPE NOTES (PG 65)
1. Atoms of the same element that have different
numbers of neutrons are called isotopes
•
•
•
same number of protons in the nucleus, just a
different number of neutrons
similar chemical properties
because they have different masses they MOVE at
different rate: Heavier isotopes move slower
Mass #
(P + N)
Atomic
number
(P)
a
b
Li
6
3
Li
What particle is ‘ejected’ in
alpha decay?
FUSION is the joining of nuclei, FISSION is the splitting apart of a nucleus
How many valence and core
electrons are there in an oxygen
atom?
VALENCE AND CORE ELECTRONS
How to determine the arrangement of an element’s
electrons from the element’s position in the periodic
table :
1. Atomic number tells you the total number of electrons
2. The period (row #) tells you the number of shells
3. The group number (column #) tells you the number of
valence electrons
4.
Shells:
1. 2e- max
2. 8e- max
3. 8e- max
WHY does lithium
form a +1 ion?
NOBLE GAS ENVY
1. Atoms tend to lose or gain
electrons to attain the
electron arrangement of the
nearest noble gas.
2. When electrons are
removed from or added to
an atom, the rest of the
atom stays the same.
1. Protons/neutrons/nucleus
DOES NOT change
3. The charge on an ion is
noted with a superscript.
O-2
What types of elements form
ionic compounds?
DISCUSSION NOTES (NB PG 91)
1. Metal and nonmetal elements combine to form
ionic compounds.
2. The electron arrangements of the cations and
anions resemble the arrangements of a noble gas
atom.
3. The rule of zero charge can be used to determine
the chemical formulas of ionic compounds.
 Rule of zero charge: In an ionic compound, the
positive charges on the metal cations and the
negative charges on the nonmetal anions sum
to 0. (PG term)
4. Valence electrons in ionic compound generally
totals 8 or a multiple of 8 (16, 24, 32…)
What type of bonding does
water (H2O) have?
What 3 things can you do to increase
the rate (speed) at which a sugar
cube dissolves in water?
CLASS WRITES THE NOTES (NB PG 105)
WHAT DID WE LEARN ABOUT HOW TO INCREASE THE RATE OF
DISSOLVING A CUBE OF SUGAR?
PRACTICE, PART 2
CLOSING QUESTION
ANSWER KEY
2. C
8. C
18. D
31. C
32. B
THURSDAY, MAY 31ST (NB PG 43)
Obj: Answer MCAS questions related to
Alchemy
Lang. Obj: use correct terms for atoms
and the PT
HW: make up work!
Announcements:
– Make-up work deadline is Wednesday, June
13th, 2:00pm
– Chemistry MCAS is June 5th and 6th
– AP Chemistry forms back ASAP!
– Mr. Banks is afterschool today after 3 and
Monday (no other days next week!)
THURSDAY, MAY 31ST (NB PG 43)
Obj: Answer MCAS questions related to
Alchemy
Lang. Obj: use correct terms for atoms
and the PT
HW: make up work!
Announcements:
– Make-up work deadline is Wednesday, June
13th, 2:00pm
– Chemistry MCAS is June 5th and 6th
– AP Chemistry forms back ASAP!
– Mr. Banks is afterschool today after 3 and
Monday (no other days next week!)
THURSDAY, MAY 31ST (NB PG 43)
Obj: Answer MCAS questions related to
Alchemy
Lang. Obj: use correct terms for atoms
and the PT
HW: make up work!
Announcements:
– Make-up work deadline is Wednesday, June
13th, 2:00pm
– Chemistry MCAS is June 5th and 6th
– AP Chemistry forms back ASAP!
– Mr. Banks is afterschool today after 3 and
Monday (no other days next week!)
THURSDAY, MAY 31ST (NB PG 43)
Obj: Answer MCAS questions related to
Alchemy
Lang. Obj: use correct terms for atoms
and the PT
HW: make up work!
Announcements:
– Make-up work deadline is Wednesday, June
13th, 2:00pm
– Chemistry MCAS is June 5th and 6th
– AP Chemistry forms back ASAP!
– Mr. Banks is afterschool today after 3 and
Monday (no other days next week!)
THURSDAY, MAY 31ST (NB PG 43)
Obj: Answer MCAS questions related to
Alchemy
Lang. Obj: use correct terms for atoms
and the PT
HW: make up work!
Announcements:
– Make-up work deadline is Wednesday, June
13th, 2:00pm
– Chemistry MCAS is June 5th and 6th
– AP Chemistry forms back ASAP!
– Mr. Banks is afterschool today after 3 and
Monday (no other days next week!)
THURSDAY, MAY 31ST (NB PG 43)
Obj: Answer MCAS questions related to
Alchemy
Lang. Obj: use correct terms for atoms
and the PT
HW: make up work!
Announcements:
– Make-up work deadline is Wednesday, June
13th, 2:00pm
– Chemistry MCAS is June 5th and 6th
– AP Chemistry forms back ASAP!
– Mr. Banks is afterschool today after 3 and
Monday (no other days next week!)
THURSDAY, MAY 31ST (NB PG 43)
Obj: Answer MCAS questions related to
Alchemy
Lang. Obj: use correct terms for atoms
and the PT
HW: make up work!
Announcements:
– Make-up work deadline is Wednesday, June
13th, 2:00pm
– Chemistry MCAS is June 5th and 6th
– AP Chemistry forms back ASAP!
– Mr. Banks is afterschool today after 3 and
Monday (no other days next week!)
THURSDAY, MAY 31ST (NB PG 43)
Obj: Answer MCAS questions related to
Alchemy
Lang. Obj: use correct terms for atoms
and the PT
HW: make up work!
Announcements:
– Make-up work deadline is Wednesday, June
13th, 2:00pm
– Chemistry MCAS is June 5th and 6th
– AP Chemistry forms back ASAP!
– Mr. Banks is afterschool today after 3 and
Monday (no other days next week!)
THURSDAY, MAY 31ST (NB PG 43)
Obj: Answer MCAS questions related to
Alchemy
Lang. Obj: use correct terms for atoms
and the PT
HW: make up work!
Announcements:
– Make-up work deadline is Wednesday, June
13th, 2:00pm
– Chemistry MCAS is June 5th and 6th
– AP Chemistry forms back ASAP!
– Mr. Banks is afterschool today after 3 and
Monday (no other days next week!)