8.1 Cellular Respiration
October 5, 2012
8.1.1 State that oxidation involves the loss of electrons
from an element, whereas reduction involves the gain
of electrons and that oxidation frequently involves
gaining oxygen or losing hydrogen, whereas reduction
frequently involves losing oxygen or gaining hydrogen.
• Oxidation Involves the Loss of electrons from
an element, whereas Reduction Involves the
Gain of electrons
• Oxidation frequently involves gaining oxygen
or losing hydrogen, whereas reduction
frequently involves losing oxygen or gaining
hydrogen.
Oxidation - Reduction
Oxidation
Reduction
Oxidation is Loss of electrons
Reduction is Gain of electrons
Results in Gain in Oxygen
Results in Gain in Hydrogen
Results in C-O bonds
Results in C-H bonds
Results in lower potential energy
Results in increased potential energy
8.1.3 Draw and label a diagram showing the
structure of a mitochondrion as seen in electron
A
micrographs
A: Matrix
B: Inner membrane
C: Intermembrane space
B
C
C
8.1.3 Draw and label a diagram showing the
structure of a mitochondrion as seen in
electron micrographs
8.1.3 Draw and label a diagram showing the
structure of a mitochondrion as seen in electron
micrographs
• Matrix:
– Watery substance that contains ribosomes and
many enzymes.
– These enzymes are vital for the link reaction and the
Krebs cycle.
• Inner membrane:
– The electron transport chain and ATP synthase are
found in this membrane.
– These are vital for oxidative phosphorylation.
8.1.3 Draw and label a diagram showing the
structure of a mitochondrion as seen in electron
micrographs
• Space between inner and outer membranes:
– Small volume into which protons are pumped into.
– Small volume  high concentration gradient can be
reached very quickly.
– This is vital for chemiosmosis.
• Outer membrane:
– Separates the contents of the mitochondrion from
the rest of the cell.
– Creates a good environment for cell respiration.
8.1.3 Draw and label a diagram showing the
structure of a mitochondrion as seen in electron
micrographs
• Cristae:
– Tubular projections of the inner membrane
– Increase the surface area for oxidative
phosphorylation.
• Mitochondrial DNA
– Encode mitochondrial enzymes.
• Ribosomes
– Translation of mitochondrial proteins.
8.1.6 Explain the relationship between the
structure of the mitochondrion and its function
A
A. Matrix
site for Krebs' cycle
link reaction
ATP synthesis
B. Inner Membrane
site of oxidative
phosphorylation
e– transport chain
increase surface area
ATP synthesis;
C. Inner Membrane Space
H+ / proton build up;
B
C
8.1.2 Outline the process of glycolysis, including
phosphorylation, lysis, oxidation and ATP
formation.
•
•
•
•
•
Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of cells.
2 ATP molecules are used.
4 ATP molecules are produced.
NET yield of two ATP molecules.
2 NAD+ are reduced into 2 NADH + 2 H+ during
glycolysis.
8.1.2 Outline the process of glycolysis, including
phosphorylation, lysis, oxidation and ATP
formation.
Step 1 - Glucose is phosphorylated.
Step 2 - Lysis of hexose (6C) biphosphate into
two triose (3C) phosphates
Step 3 - Each triose (3C) phosphate molecule is
oxidized.
Step 4 – Two pyruvate molecules (3C) are
formed by removing two phosphate groups from
each molecule.
Type of phosphorylation? Why?