2.2 The Periodic table and Chemical
Properties
Arrange the following shapes into a pattern of rows
and columns that is logical.
Dmitri Mendeleev + VIDEO
• Just like you, he searched for patterns
among elements
• He wrote important properties of each
known element on a card and he tried to
sort them out... many, many, many times
And just like you, he tried to arranged them
based on their properties into rows and
columns
Dmitri Mendeleev
According to which properties do
you think he tried to arrange the
elements?
Dmitri Mendeleev
•Firstly, based on atomic mass (in rows)
•Then he started another row when an element
with similar properties was found
1. Arrange them first based
on ATOMIC MASS into a
long row
2. Then find an element that
has very similar
properties as the very
first element
(terryfoxium)
3. Put that element below
terryfoxium, and repeat
the step 2 for the
element next to
terryfoxium
Complete
Think About It
2-2A Periodic Puzzle
Complete
Think About It
2-2A Periodic Puzzle
HINTS:
•There will be more than 3 but less than 7 columns
•Some elements might be missing
•atomic mass DOES NOT have to increase from left
to right (1 case)
•
•
•
All form compounds
with R with 1:1 ratio
All are conductors
B.Ps range around
1000˚C and
decreasing going
down the group
•
•
•
•
•
•
All form compounds
with R with 1:1 ratio
All are conductors
B.Ps range around
1000˚C and
decreasing going
down the group
All form compounds
with R with 1:2 ratio
All are conductors
B.Ps range around
300 - 400˚C and
decreasing going
down the group
•
•
•
All form compounds
with R with 1:2 ratio
All are conductors
B.Ps range around
300 - 400˚C and
decreasing going
down the group
•
•
•
•
•
•
All form compounds
with R with 1:1 ratio
All are conductors
B.Ps range around
1000˚C and
decreasing going
down the group
All form compounds
with L with 1:2 ratio
Each element can
forms a compound
with itself
B.Ps are increasing
going down the
group
•
•
•
All form compounds
with R with 1:2 ratio
All are conductors
B.Ps range around
300 - 400˚C and
decreasing going
down the group
•
•
•
•
•
•
All form compounds
with R with 1:1 ratio
All are conductors
B.Ps range around
1000˚C and
decreasing going
down the group
All form compounds
with L with 1:2 ratio
Each element can
forms a compound
with itself
B.Ps are increasing
going down the
group
•
•
•
•
Element missing
All form compounds
with T with 1:1 ratio
Mostly nonconductors
B.Ps are increasing
going down the
group
•
•
•
All form compounds
with R with 1:2 ratio
All are conductors
B.Ps range around
300 - 400˚C and
decreasing going
down the group
•
•
•
•
•
•
All form compounds
with R with 1:1 ratio
All are conductors
B.Ps range around
1000˚C and
decreasing going
down the group
All form compounds
with L with 1:2 ratio
Each element can
forms a compound
with itself
B.Ps are increasing
going down the
group
•
•
•
•
Element missing
All form compounds
with T with 1:1 ratio
Mostly nonconductors
B.Ps are increasing
going down the
group
•
•
•
All DO NOT form
compounds
ALL are nonconductors
B.Ps are ALL negative
increasing going
down the group
Dmitri Mendeleev
He found out (just like you) that
there is a horizontal and a
vertical pattern in arranging
the elements based on their
properties
Dmitri Mendeleev
He also predicted (just like you) the properties and
the placement of the elements STILL YET TO BE
DISCOVERED!
The Periodic Table
• a chart that organizes the elements according to their physical and
chemical properties.
• gives each element’s name, symbol, atomic number, atomic mass, and
ion charge(s)
Atomic Number
the number of protons in the nucleus or the number of
electrons (in a neutral atom)of each atom of an
element
What is the
ATOMIC NUMBER
of potassium?
What is the pattern of
ATOMIC NUMBERS in the Periodic Table?
INCREASING
Atomic Mass
• the average mass of an atom of an element
•Atomic mass ≈ # of protons + # of neutrons
•Always written as a decimal number and measured
in amu (atomic mass units)
What is the
ATOMIC MASS of
potassium?
What is the pattern of
ATOMIC MASSES in the Periodic Table?
INCREASING
Ion Charge
•an electric charge that forms on an atom when it
gains or loses electrons
What is the
ION CHARGE of
potassium?
Ion Charge
•an electric charge that forms on an atom when it
gains or loses electrons
Potassium
NEUTRAL ATOM
Potassium
ION
Ion Charge
1.
Did potassium lose or gain electron(s)?
2.
How many electron(s)?
Potassium
ATOM
Potassium
ION
Ion Charge
•
Some elements have a multiple ion charge.
•These elements can form ions in more than one
way.
QUICK CHECK
1. What is the atomic mass of this atom?
2. What is the atomic number of this
atom?
3. What is (are) the possible ion charge(s)
on this atom?
4. Did it gain or lose electrons? How many?
Workbook – page 28
The Periodic Table
The Chemical Elements
Make a table similar to this
State at Room
Temperature
METALS
NON –
METALS
METALLOIDS
Appearance
Conductivity
Malleability
and Ductility
Metals
Metals
State at Room
Temperature
All solid except…
Metals
State at Room
Temperature
Hg is liquid
at RT
Metals
State at Room
Temperature
Appearance
Lustre = soft glow
Shiny Lustre
Metals
State at Room
Temperature
Appearance
Conductivity
Good conductors of
heat and electricity
Metals
State at Room
Temperature
Appearance
Conductivity
Malleability
and Ductility
Both
Non - Metals
Non - Metals
State at Room
Temperature
Solids
Gases
Liquids (only Br)
Non - Metals
State at Room
Temperature
Appearance
Not very shiny
Non - Metals
State at Room
Temperature
Appearance
Conductivity
Poor conductors of
heat and electricity
Non - Metals
State at Room
Temperature
Appearance
Conductivity
Malleability
and Ductility
Brittle, not ductile
Metalloids
State at Room
Temperature
Solids
Metalloids
State at Room
Temperature
Appearance
Can be shiny or dull
Metalloids
State at Room
Temperature
Appearance
Conductivity
No conduction of heat
but may conduct
electricity
Metalloids
State at Room
Temperature
Appearance
Conductivity
Malleability
and Ductility
Brittle, not ductile
GROUPS or FAMILIES
1 – 18
PERIODS or ROWS (1 – 7)
SOME GROUPS OF THE
PERIODIC TABLE
THE ACTUAL THE PERIODIC TABLE
The Periodic Table
Where are the
following?
• Atomic number
INCREASING REACTIVITY
• Period
• Group/Family
• Metals
• Non-metals
• Transition metals
• Metalloids
• Alkali metals
• Alkaline earth metals
• Halogens
• Noble gases
Worksheet #1
Where are the
following?
• Atomic number
INCREASING REACTIVITY
• Period
• Group/Family
• Metals
• Non-metals
• Transition metals
• Metalloids
• Alkali metals
• Alkaline earth metals
• Halogens
• Noble gases
Building Spectroscope
What is it?
A spectroscope is a device that lets us find out what things are
made of. It works by taking light and splitting it up into its
component colors.
Building Spectroscope
Astronomers use powerful spectroscopes and computers to
study the composition of stars and planets millions of light
years away from Earth.
Building Spectroscope
This is what our spectroscope will look like....
Alkaline Earth Metals
State at Room
Temperature
Halogens
State at Room
Temperature
Noble Gases
State at Room
Temperature
Textbook:
58 - 59
Pages:
29 - 31
 Date:
Thursday, Dec 19