Nobelpris solceller och
hållbar energi
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863 pris
Inga pris till solceller
Varken solceller, eller andra hållbara energier:
vind, vatten
• Solcellsteknik - indirekt
• Kärnkraft
• Sökord: sustainable energy, sustainable power,
solar energy, solar power, solar cell
FYSIK
Albert Einstein 1921
”for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect”
Föreläsning i Wien 1921
Ljus träffar en metallisk yta, elektroner slungas ut.
Elektrisk ström bildas. E=hν.
Ljus = kvanta (Max Planck 1918).
Förklarade matematiskt hur det gick till.
Användningsområde: solceller, ljuskänsliga dioder.
Zhores Alferov, Herbert Kroemer, Jack Kilby 2000
" with one half jointly to Zhores I. Alferov and Herbert Kroemer "for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in highspeed- and opto-electronics" and the other half to Jack S. Kilby "for his part in the invention of the integrated circuit”.
Dagobertmacka av halvledare. Snabba transistorer. Microchip.
Användningsområden: radiosatellit, cd-spelare, laserpekare, ljusdioder för bilar….
Rymdstationen Mir ”heterostructure solar cells”, spår dyra solceller men billig elektricitet.
Kopplat pris: John Bardeen, William Shockley, Walter Brattain 1956
”for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect".
Andre Geim, Konstantin Novoselov 2010
”for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene”.
värme,
Egenskaper: Kol, 1 atom tjockt (stabilt!), leder elektricitet &
transparent, väger inget
Användningsområde (framtida): snabbare transistorer och
datorer, touchscreens, kompositmaterial (plast), solceller…
KEMI
FOTOSYNTES
Richard Willstätter 1915 föreslår att klorofyll spelar en aktiv roll i växter
"for his researches on plant pigments, especially chlorophyll”.
Hans Fischer 1930 löser kemiska strukturen hos klorofyll
”for his researches into the constitution of haemin and chlorophyll
and especially for his synthesis of haemin".
Melvin Calvin 1961 för hur koldioxid fixeras i växter
"for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants".
Johann Deisenhofer, Robert Huber, Hartmut Michel 1988
fotosyntesapparaten hos bakterier
"for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a
photosynthetic reaction centre".
Donald Cram, Jean-Marie Lehn, Charles
Pedersen 1987
"for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high
selectivity".
Molekyler som kan känna igen varandra och välja vem de ska bilda större molekylkomplex med.
Vissa metalliska övergående molekylkomplex är katalysatorer i fotokemiska processer (H2O blir
H). Spelar roll i energiproduktion.
Georg Olah 1994 effektivare sätt att utnyttja olja, återvinna koldioxid
"for his contribution to carbocation chemistry".
Paul Crutzen, Mario Molina Sherwood Rowland 1995
”for their work in atmospheric chemistry,
particularly concerning the formation
and decomposition of ozone".
Alan Heeger, Alan MacDiamid, Hideki Shirakawa 2000
”for the discovery and development of conductive polymers".
plast som leder elektricitet
’
Gerhard Ertl 2007 Ykemi
"for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces".
förnybara drivmedel (katalysatorytor), rena avgaser, studera nedbrytning av freon
FRED
Wangari Maathai 2004
"for her contribution to sustainable development, democracy and peace”.
IPCC, Al Gore 2007
"for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and
to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change" .
Säkerthetsfrågor:
IAEA, Mohamed el Baradei 2005
"for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that
nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way”.
Pugwash, Joseph Rotblat 1995
”for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and, in the longer
run, to eliminate such arms".
International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear Wars 1985
Linus Pauling 1962
EGNA ASSOCIATIONER
Nobelpristagare som engagerat sig i energifrågor efter att de fått priset
Pyotr Kapitza 1978
"for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics”.
”The choice of the theme for my Nobel lecture presents some difficulty forme. Usually the lecture
is connected with work recognized by the prize. In my case the prize was awarded for work in low
temperature physics, at temperatures of liquid helium, a few degrees above absolute zero. It so
happened that I left this field some 30 years ago… Personally I am now studying plasma
phenomena at those very high temperatures that are necessary for the thermonuclear reaction
to take place… It is also well recognized that at present the controlled thermonuclear reaction is
the process for producing energy that can effectively resolve the approaching global energy crisis,
resulting from the depletion of fossil fuels used now as our principal energy source.”
Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, William Phillips 1997
"for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light".
ATOMKRAFT
Otto Hahn 1944 "for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei".
Fysikpris med anknytning:
Chadwick 1935 (neutron),
Fermi 1938 (kärnreaktioner med långsamma neutroner).