Introduction to Global CPC Standards
&
Product Selection Best Practice
Presentation to:
Genesee Valley Chapter of the American Society of Safety Engineers
Agenda
• Global Market Place = Global Standards (?)
• The Global “Types” of Chemical Protective Clothing
• Certification of PPE
• European Chemical Protective Clothing Standards and Test Methods
• Selection and use of PPE, including chemical protective clothing
Manufacturer of limited life chemical protective clothing
Established:
1975
Markets:
Global distribution network covering over 50 countries
UK, Europe, Middle East, Asia, Africa,
Australasia and the Americas
Headquarters: Kingston upon Hull, UK
Production:
Microgard Xiamen Ltd (Xiamen, China)
Employees:
Hull (35*), Xiamen (700), Leverkusen (7)
*Figure includes a global sales team of 11
Ltd – Hull, UK
MICROGARD Limited Microgard
– Global Headquarters
Kingston Upon Hull, United Kingdom
MICROGARD Limited Microgard
– EuropeanLtd
DC– Hull, UK
Kingston Upon Hull, United Kingdom
MICROGARD Xiamen Limited
Xiamen, PRC
Global Market Place = Global Standards (?)
The Global “Types” of Chemical Protection
TYPE 1
TYPE 2
EN 943-1/2
ISO 16602
EN 943-1
ISO 16602
Gas-Tight
protection
against liquids,
gases & solid
particulates
non-gas-tight
protection
against liquids,
gases & solid
particulates
© Microgard Ltd 2011
TYPE 3
TYPE 4
EN 14605
ISO 16602
EN 14605
ISO 16602
Protection
against strong &
directional jets
of liquid
Protection
against
saturating spray
of liquids
TYPE 5
TYPE 6
EN ISO 13982-1
EN 13034
ISO 16602
Protection
against solid
particulates
Limited
protection
against liquid
spray
Major CPC Standards
European Norms
(EN)
International Standards
(ISO)
American
National Standards
(ANSI)
Japanese
Industrial Standards
(JIS)
EN 943-1: 2002
“Type 1”
ISO 16602: 2007
“Type 1”
ANSI 103: 2010
“Category 1”
JIS T 8115: 2010
“Type 1”
EN 943-1: 2002
“Type 2”
ISO 16602: 2007
“Type 2”
ANSI 103: 2010
“Category 2”
JIS T 8115: 2010
“Type 2”
EN 14605: 2005+A1: 2009
“Type 3”
ISO 16602: 2007
“Type 3”
ANSI 103: 2010
“Category 3”
JIS T 8115: 2010
“Type 3”
EN 14605: 2005+A1: 2009
“Type 4”
ISO 16602: 2007
“Type 4”
ANSI 103: 2010
“Category 4”
JIS T 8115: 2010
“Type 4”
EN ISO 13982-1: 2004
+A1: 2010
“Type 5”
ISO 13982-1: 2004
“Type 5”
ANSI 103: 2010
“Category 5”
JIS T 8115: 2010
“Type 5”
EN 13034: 2005+A1: 2009
“Type 6”
ISO 16602: 2007
“Type 6”
ANSI 103: 2010
“Category 6”
JIS T 8115: 2010
“Type 6”
Certification of PPE – CE Marking
Category I
(Simple Design)
Category II
Category III
(Complex Design)
Technical Documentation
EC Type-Examination
EC quality control
system for the final
product
Production quality
monitoring system
EC Declaration of Conformity
XXXX
Certification of PPE - Categories of PPE
Categories
Category I
Category II
Category III
Description
Definition
“Simple Design”
Minimal risk e.g. cleaning
materials of weak action and
easily reversible effects
• Self certification
• Self assessment of production
Intermediate risk e.g.
protection against
mechanical impact
• EC-Type Examination by a
notified body
• EC Declaration of Conformity
• Self assessment of production
Mortal risk e.g. worn or used
in situations where there is
a risk of mortal danger or
irreversible harm
• EC-Type Examination by a
notified body
• Notified body assessment of
production (Article 11A or 11B)
• EC Declaration of Conformity
“Neither simple or complex”
“Complex Design”
Requirements
Clothing for protection against hazardous substances are designated as Category III PPE
European PPE Testing
What is covered?
• Innocuousness. To ensure that no harmful, forbidden or restricted substance is used in
product construction, as well as checking for sharp edges or injurious surfaces.
• Ergonomics. Design, comfort, fit. Can the wearer carry out the required activity comfortably?
•Protective coverage. Adequate coverage to provide sufficient protection
• Protective qualities. Impact, abrasion, cut, chemical and thermal resistance
• Marking and instructions
–Manufacturers name and address
–Storage/ cleaning/ maintenance
–Protective performance level
–Suitable accessories/spare parts
–Relevant warnings
–Type approval Notified Body details
The European standard which covers the “general requirements” for protective clothing is EN 340: 2003
PPE Directive 89/686/EEC
Category III – Complex Design
EN340: 2003 Protective Clothing General Requirements
Article 11A or B
Manufacturer
Assessment & Certification
Article 10
Product EC-Type
Examination Certificate
Manufacturers EC
Declaration of
Conformity
XXXX
EN 943-1: 2002
EN 943-1: 2002
EN 14605: 2005
Type 1
Type 2
Type 3
EN 464
Leak Tightness
EN 943-1, Annex A
Inward Leakage Test
EN ISO 17491-3
Jet Spray Test
EN 943-1, Annex A
Inward Leakage Test
(Type 1b* & 1c)
EN 943-1: 2002
Test methods and
performance classification**
EN 14325: 2004
Test Methods and performance classification of chemical protective clothing
materials, seams, joins and assemblages
EN530
EN530
EN530
Abrasion Resistance
Abrasion Resistance
Abrasion Resistance
EN ISO 7854
EN ISO 7854
EN ISO 7854
Flex Cracking Resistance
Flex Cracking Resistance
Flex Cracking Resistance
EN ISO 9073-4
EN ISO 9073-4
EN ISO 9073-4
Trapezoidal Tear Resistance
Trapezoidal Tear Resistance
Trapezoidal Tear Resistance
EN ISO 13934-1
EN ISO 13934-1
EN ISO 13934-1
Tensile Strength
Tensile Strength
Tensile Strength
EN 863
EN 863
EN 863
Puncture Resistance
Puncture Resistance
Puncture Resistance
EN 374-3 / ISO 6529
EN 374-3 / ISO 6529
EN 374-3 / ISO 6529
Chemical permeation resistance
(Materials & Seams)
Chemical permeation resistance
(Materials & Seams)
Chemical permeation resistance
(Materials & Seams)
ISO 13935-2
ISO 13935-2
ISO 13935-2
Seam Strength
Seam Strength
Seam Strength
The European Model
PPE Directive 89/686/EEC
Category III – Complex Design
EN340: 2003 Protective Clothing General Requirements
Article 11A or B
Manufacturer
Assessment & Certification
EN 14605: 2005
EN ISO 13982-1: 2004
EN13034: 2005
Type 4
Type 5
Type 6
EN ISO 17491-4, Method B
Spray Test
EN ISO 13982-2
Inward Leakage Test
EN ISO 17491-4, Method A
Reduced Spray Test
EN14325: 2004
Test Methods and performance classification of chemical protective clothing materials, seams, joins and assemblages
EN530
Abrasion Resistance
Article 10
Product EC-Type
Examination Certificate
EN ISO 7854
Flex Cracking Resistance
EN ISO 9073-4
Trapezoidal Tear Resistance
Manufacturers EC
Declaration of
Conformity
EN530
EN530
Abrasion Resistance
Abrasion Resistance
EN ISO 7854
Flex Cracking Resistance
EN ISO 9073-4
Trapezoidal Tear Resistance
EN ISO 13934-1
EN ISO 13934-1
Tensile Strength
Tensile Strength
EN 863
EN 863
EN 863
Puncture Resistance
Puncture Resistance
Puncture Resistance
ISO 6530
EN 374-3 / ISO 6529
XXXX
Chemical penetration/repellence
Chemical permeation resistance
(Materials & Seams)
ISO 13935-2
Seam Strength
© Microgard Ltd 2008
EN ISO 9073-4
Trapezoidal Tear Resistance
ISO 13935-2
Seam Strength
The European Model
ISO 13935-2
Seam Strength
EN & ISO CPC Standards and Test Methods
Chemical Protective Clothing
- Whole suit test requirements, ergonomics
Movements to be performed prior to whole suit inward leakage testing
Suit hinders one or more movements = automatic failure!!
Any substantial rips, tears or other visible damage = automatic failure!!
Chemical Protective Clothing
- Whole suit test requirements, seam strength
Class
Seam Strength
(N)
6
>500
5
>300
4
>125
3
>75
2
>50
1
>30
Min.
Performance
Type 1, 2
Type 3, 4, 5, 6
Measures the force required to pull the seam apart
Unit: Newton
Each straight seam type on a garment tested
Classification based on the weakest seam type. Six performance classes
ISO 13935-2
EN 943 / ISO 16602 – TYPE 1 Gas tight protective clothing
– suits are intrinsically sealed against the environment
EN 464 / ISO/FDIS* 17491-1 – Pressure Test for Gas-Tight Suits
*“FDIS” indicates that this test method is under development
EN 943 – TYPE 2 Non-gas tight (positive pressure) protective clothing – suits
which retain a positive internal pressure to prevent ingress of dusts, liquids or vapours
EN 14605 – TYPE 3 Liquid tight protective clothing
- Suits which can protect against strong and directional jets of a liquid chemical.
Whole Suit Requirements
Type 3 Inward Leakage Test
Test Method: ISO 17491-3
Test liquid containing;
— Water at (20 +/- 2)°C
— Water-soluble dye e.g. methyl blue
— Surfactant e.g. genapol
Surface tension: (30 ± 5) × 10⁻3 N/m
Pressure at the nozzle: 1.5 bar (150 kPa)
Distance from nozzle to target: 1 meter
Target Areas: potential weak points (i.e. seams, zips)
Pass Criteria: <3 time calibration stain
ISO 16602 / EN 14605
EN14605 / ISO 16602 – TYPE 4 Spray tight protective clothing
- Suits which can protect against saturation of liquid chemicals where volume
of the liquid builds up on the suit, causing pools and rivulets
Whole Suit Requirements
Type 4 Inward Leakage Test
Test Method: ISO 17491-4, Method B
Test liquid containing;
— Water at (20 +/- 2)°C
— Water-soluble dye e.g. methyl blue
— Surfactant e.g. genapol
Surface tension: (30 ± 5) × 10⁻3 N/m
Pressure at the nozzle: 3.0 bar (300 kPa)
Distance from nozzle to target: 1.5 meter
Target Areas: whole suit (the full body)
Pass Criteria: <3 time calibration stain
ISO 16602 / EN 14605
Chemical Permeation
Process where on a molecular
level molecules of a hazard are
passing through a fabric
1. Absorption of molecules of
liquids onto contact surface
2. Diffusion of the absorbed
molecules through a material
3. De-sorption from the
opposite surface
Chemical Permeation Testing
Chemical Permeation Testing
Term
Definition
Permeation rate
The measurement of the amount of chemical (usually by mass per unit area) passing through the test
specimen in a given time.
Open loop
A test system where the detection medium is not of fixed volume and is continually replaced with
fresh material for the duration of the test.
Closed loop
A test system where the volume of detection medium is fixed and is re-circulated throughout
the test.
Breakthrough detection time
Minimum detectable
permeation rate
Normalized breakthrough
detection time
The time elapsed from start when the chemical is first detected. Depends on the sensitivity of the
system to the chemical under investigation. Defined as the sample time immediately preceding
detected breakthrough.
The lowest permeation rate determinable by the system in use.
Time elapsed when the measured permeation rate reaches a predetermined level (i.e. the
“normalized permeation rate”)
Normalized permeation rate
The permeation rate used for determining the normalized breakthrough detection time, i.e. 0.1
and/or 1.0 µg/cm2/min.
Steady state permeation rate
The point in the test when the permeation rate is no longer increasing or decreasing.
Cumulative permeation
The total amount of test chemical that has permeated over a specified time after initial contact.
Chemical Permeation Testing
Examples of Breakthrough Times
with different Permeation Rates
1.8
Permeation rate, ug/cm2.min
1.6
1.4
1.2
BT >480min
1
BT = 210min
0.8
BT = 165min
0.6
BT >480min
0.4
0.2
0
-0.2 0
100
200
300
Time, minutes
400
500
600
Chemical Penetration Testing
“Penetration is a process
whereby a liquid, gaseous or
solid substance penetrates a
fabric by passing through the
pores or holes”
Chemical Penetration Testing
ISO 13994 “Penetration under Pressure”
Determination of the resistance of
protective clothing materials to penetration
by liquids under pressure
Chemical Penetration Testing
EN ISO 6530 “Gutter Test”
Test method for the measurement
of indices of penetration,
absorption and repellency for
protective clothing materials
against liquid chemicals, mainly
chemicals of low volatility
Chemical Penetration Testing
EN 14786 “Atomiser test “
Determination of resistance to
penetration by sprayed liquid chemicals,
emulsions and dispersions (I.e. pesticides)
EN13034 / ISO 16602 – Type 6 Reduced spray protection
- Suits for protection against light spray and splashes of liquid chemicals
Whole Suit Requirements
Type 6 Inward Leakage Test
Test Method: ISO 17491-4, Method B
Test liquid containing;
— Water at (20 +/- 2)°C
— Water-soluble dye e.g. methyl blue
— Surfactant e.g. genapol
Surface tension: (52 ± 7.5) × 10⁻3 N/m
Pressure at the nozzle: 3.0 bar (300 kPa)
Distance from nozzle to target: 1.5 meter
Target Areas: whole suit (the full body)
Pass Criteria: <3 time calibration stain
EN 13034 / ISO 16602
EN ISO 13982-1 – Type 5 Protection against solid particulates
- Suits for protection against hazardous dusts and dry particles
Whole Suit Requirements
Type 5 Inward Leakage Test
Test Method: EN ISO 13982-2
Test substance: Sodium Chloride Aerosol
Particle size range: 0.06 to 2µm (0.6 average)
Key test parameters;
— 10 wearers (10 coveralls)
— Standing still, walking and squatting
— 3 probes inside suit (chest, waist, knee)
continually measuring the ratio of particle
concentration inside and outside the suit
Test Duration: 9 min standing, 9 min walking and 9 min squatting
Pass Criteria: 82 of 90 measurements ≤30%, 8 of 10 coveralls total inward
leakage (average) ≤15%
EN ISO 13982-1
Other European Norms relevant to CPC
EN 1073-1 Ventilated suits for protection from hazardous particulates,
including radioactive particulate contamination
EN 1073-2 Non-ventilated suits for protection against radioactive particulate
contamination
EN 14126 Protective clothing against infective agents
EN ISO 14116 Protective clothing with limited flame spread properties
EN 1149-1/EN 1149-5 Protective clothing with electrostatic properties
So what product do I choose…..???
The Use of Personal Protective Equipment
Questions to ask before considering PPE
1.
Can I get rid of the hazard altogether?
2.
If not, how can I control the risks so that harm is unlikely?
Controlling risks – options;
a)
Try a less risky option, e.g. use alternative chemicals
b)
Prevent access to the hazard, e.g. by guarding
c)
Organise work to reduce exposure to the hazards, e.g. automatic rather than manual
transfer of hazardous substances
d)
If after all of the above there is still residual risk, then PPE will need to be provided
RISK = (Probability of an accident occurring) x (expected loss in case of an accident)
The Use of Personal Protective Equipment
Assessing suitable PPE
Questions to ask when assessing PPE suitability
• Is it appropriate for the risks involved and the conditions at the place where
exposure to the risk may occur?
• Does it prevent or adequately control the risks involved without increasing the
overall level of risk?
• Can it be adjusted to fit the wearer correctly?
• Has the state of health of those who will be wearing it been taken into account?
• What are the needs of the job and the demands it places on the wearer?
• If more than one item of PPE is being worn, are they compatible?
The Use of Personal Protective Equipment
Directive 89/656/EEC
ARTICLE 3
• Identify & evaluate the risks
• Use where the risks cannot
be avoided or limited
technically
• Only use PPE products as a
final protection alternative
ARTICLE 4
• Ensure the PPE conforms
with EU Regulations
• Inform the user of the risk
involved and train them
about the right use of
the PPE
• Supply PPE free of charge
that is :
- fit for purpose and of
appropriate size and comfort
• Define the conditions of
use, especially the period
the PPE is worn
These are the obligations of the employer!
ARTICLE 5
• Assess whether the item(s)
of PPE conform with EU
Regulations
• Analyse and assess the
risks involved
• Define characteristics the
PPE must have and compare
with the PPE selected
• Reanalyse the risk in case of
a process change
Other regulations – working with hazardous substances
Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH)
Choosing control measures, in order of priority:
1. Eliminate the use of a harmful product or substance and use a safer one.
2. Use a safer form of the product, e.g. paste rather than powder.
3. Change the process to emit less of the substance
4. Enclose the process so that the product does not escape
5. Extract emissions of the substance near the source
6. Have as few workers in harm’s way as possible
7. Provide personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, coveralls and a
respirator. PPE must fit the wearer
If your control measures include 5, 6 and 7, make sure they all work together
Selection of Chemical Protective Clothing
Selection of Chemical Protective Clothing
- Seven Key Factors
1. Can the job be done without chemical protective clothing?
2. The type of exposure most likely to occur?
 Immersion (continuous or intermittent)
 Spray (pressurised or not)
 Splash (continuous, intermittent, or not expected)
 Mist (continuous or intermittent)
 Vapours (Gaseous contact)
3. What are the adverse effects of contact with the chemical?
4. The physical demands on the suit?
5. The chemical resistance properties required?
6. The human factors? (i.e. ergonomics, wear ability, heat stress etc)
7. The cost in use?
The six “types” offer an indication of the
protective performance of the product ……
TYPE 1
TYPE 2
EN 943-1/2
ISO 16602
EN 943-1
ISO 16602
Gas-Tight
protection
against liquids,
gases & solid
particulates
non-gas-tight
protection
against liquids,
gases & solid
particulates
© Microgard Ltd 2011
TYPE 3
TYPE 4
EN 14605
ISO 16602
EN 14605
ISO 16602
Protection
against strong &
directional jets
of liquid
Protection
against
saturating spray
of liquids
TYPE 5
TYPE 6
EN ISO 13982-1
EN 13034
ISO 16602
Protection
against solid
particulates
Limited
protection
against liquid
spray
Perform a Risk Assessment
1. Identify the chemical hazard
2. Determine potential for exposure
3. Determine exposure consequence(s)
Skin
Protection
Required?
No
Chemical Protective Clothing
may not be required
Gas
Consider Type 1 or 2
and Permeation data
Yes
Consider Type 5
Note: for higher concentrations of fine
particulates a positive pressure suit
(i.e. Type 2, PAPR or Air-fed should be
considered)
Particulate
Liquid, Gas
or
Particulate
Liquid
Risk of vapour
exposure at
hazardous
concentrations?
Yes
Consider Type 1 or 2
and Permeation data
No
Chemical Protective Clothing
may not be required
No
Exposure
to liquid
expected?
Yes
Liquid
under
pressure?
Yes
Consider Type 3
and Permeation data
No
More than
light spray
expected?
MICROGARD®
CPC Selection
Process Flow
Yes
Liquid classified
as harmful,
carcinogenic or
otherwise toxic?
Yes
Consider Type 4
and Permeation data
No
Consider Type 4
and Penetration data
Yes
Consider Type 4 or 6
and Permeation data
No
Consider Type 6
and Penetration data
No
Light spray,
splash or
aerosol
Yes
Liquid classified
as harmful,
46 or
carcinogenic
otherwise toxic?
Selection of Chemical Protective Clothing
- Considerations
1. Breakthrough time alone is not sufficient to determine how long a garment
may be worn once the garment has been contaminated. Safe user wear
time may be longer or shorter than the breakthrough time depending on;
–
–
–
the permeation behaviour of the substance
the toxicity of the substance
the exposure conditions (i.e. temperature, pressure etc.)
2. Permeation characteristics of a mixture can often deviate considerably from
the behaviour of the individual “pure” chemicals
3. Very little is known about the relationship between the breakthrough of
CPC and human toxicity, when permeation rates are extremely low
4. What about cumulative permeation? But without more toxicity data on
chemicals this is potentially another means of comparing different
materials resistance to permeation, rather than safe wear time
5. Laboratory testing is not necessarily reflective of “real-life”
Assessment
- Example Exposure Scenarios
Chemical
1
Sodium
Hypochlorite
2
Sodium
Hypochlorite
CAS
Number
Chemical Risk
7681-52-9
Corrosive
(causes burns)
Light splash in a
laboratory
environment
7681-52-9
Corrosive
(causes burns)
Chemical wash
down of equipment
with jet spray
equipment
Type 3 / 4
Saturation in a tank
cleaning application
Type 2 / 3 / 4
Permeation/Penetration under
pressure*
High pressure spray
from a pipe bursting
Type 3 / 4
Permeation/Penetration under
pressure*
3
Benzene
71-43-2
Toxic
Carcinogen
(Skin Toxic)
4
Hydrofluoric Acid
71-75%
7664-39-3
Highly Toxic
(skin toxic)
Highly Corrosive
Potential Level of
Exposure
Possible “Type”
protection required
Type 6
Penetration or Permeation
data to be applied
Penetration
Penetration under pressure
*For these examples there is the risk that continuous or prolonged exposure to this chemical could result in
permeation through the garment fabric or seams (dependant on the breakthrough time offered by the CPC), which is
relevant given the toxicity of these chemicals, but the immediate (i.e. acute) risk is from the pressurised liquid spray
penetrating the garment fabric or seams.
Thank you
Vielen Dank
Merci beaucoup
www.microchemusa.com
www.microgard.com