Period 8
Lindsey Ipson, Mike Napoli, Emma Fox
Boron (#5)
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Element Symbol: B
Electron configuration: 1s2 2s2 2p1
Boron is a solid at room temperature
Is a metalloid
Hard texture
Poor conductor
Melting Point: 2349 K (2076°C,
3769°F)
It is inert
Never found free in nature
Used as a lubricant
***Did you know?***
Boron nitrate, a boron compound, can
be used to make materials that are
almost as hard as diamonds!
Aluminum (#13)
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Element Symbol: Al
Electron Configuration: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1
Solid at room temperature
Is a metal
Hard but malleable, lightweight but strong
Melting Point: 933.47 K, (660.32 °C,
1220.58 ° F)
Good conductor of heat and electricity
Aluminum is extremely reactive, even under
normal conditions
Occasionally found in its free state in nature,
but mostly as a compound
Uses: kitchenware, aluminum foil, airplanes,
boats
***Did you know?***
There is more aluminum in the Earth’s crust
than any other metal.
Gallium (#31)
• Element Symbol: Ga
• Electron Configuration: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
4s2 3d10 4p1
• Solid at room temperature
• Is a metal
• Brittle
• Not found in nature in its free state
• Melting point 302.9146 K (29.7646°C,
85.5763°F)
• Decent conductor (not the best or worst)
• Somewhat reactive with alkali metals and acids
• Uses: Effulgent mirrors, some thermometers
• ***Did you know?***
Gallium will melt if held in the human
hand.
Indium
(#49)
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Element Symbol: In
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p1
Solid at room temperature
Metal
Very soft, one of the softest known metals
Rarely found in nature in its free state, found mostly in
compounds
• Melting Point: 156.6° Celsius
• Conducts heat
• Not radioactive
• Inert
• Uses: engine lubricant,
video/laptop/computer/television screens
• ***Did you know???***
Indium produces a “screaming” sound when it is bent,
and it writes like a pencil. Also, it is softer than lead.
Thallium (#81)
Element Symbol: Tl
Electron configuration: [Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p1
Solid at room temperature
Soft-can be cut with knife
Melting Point: 304° C
Good conductor at room temperature
Only found in compound form, not found free
naturally
• Uses: Treats infections and ringworms, makes
some glasses, ant/rodent poison
• Highly reactive, erodes in contact with air
• ***Did you know?***
Thallium was discovered by Sir William
Crookes, and it is very poisonous and suspected of
being used in some murder cases.
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Conclusion
The Boron group consists of mostly metals, with one
metalloid.
They are not usually found in nature in their free
states.
Their most common uses are for machines and
appliances.