Cell Organelles
© J Beauchemin 2006
Cell Organelles
Organelle= “little
organ”
Found only inside
eukaryotic cells
All the stuff in
between the
organelles is cytosol
Everything in a cell
except the nucleus is
cytoplasm
CYTOPLASM
BACTERIA = Not labeled
PLANT = #9
ANIMAL = #15
Everything in a
cell except the
nucleus is
cytoplasm
It is the jelly-like
material in the cell
that all activities of
cell takes place in.
Cell Membrane
BACTERIA = #4
PLANT = #2
ANIMAL = #1 & 16
Boundary of the cell & controls what enters
and leaves a cell
Made of a phospholipid bilayer
Nucleus
BACTERIA = NONE
PLANT = #4
ANIMAL = #4
Control center of the
cell
Contains DNA
Surrounded by a
double membrane
Usually the easiest
organelle to see under
a microscope
Usually one per cell
NUCLEOLUS
BACTERIA = NONE
PLANT = #5
ANIMAL = #6
FOUND WITHIN THE
NUCLEUS AND
MAKES
RIBOSOMES.
NUCLEAR MEMBANE/”ENVELOPE”
BACTERIA = NONE
PLANT = #6
ANIMAL = #5
Surrounds the
nucleus and
controls what
enters and leaves.
NUCLEAR PORE
BACTERIA = NONE
PLANT = NOT LABELED
ANIMAL = #8
Hole in nuclear
membrane that
substances pass
through.
CHROMOSOMES (DNA)
BACTERIA = #3
PLANT = not asked, but in nucleus
ANIMAL = #7
In prokaryotes, found
within nucleoid region
or middle of cell.
In Eukaryotes, found
within nucleus.
Containes genes that
code for traits and
proteins of cell.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
BACTERIA = NONE
PLANT = Rough = #11 & Smooth = #12
ANIMAL = Rough = #2 & Smooth = #10
A.k.a. “ER”
Connected to nuclear
membrane
Highway of the cell
Rough ER: studded
with ribosomes; it
makes proteins
Smooth ER: no
ribosomes; it makes
lipids
Ribosome
BACTERIA = #5
PLANT = #13
ANIMAL = #11 & #3
Site of protein
synthesis
Found attached to
rough ER or floating
free in cytosol
Produced in a part of
the nucleus called the
nucleolus
That looks familiar…what is a
polypeptide?
Golgi Apparatus
BACTERIA = NONE
PLANT = #14
ANIMAL = #14
Looks like a stack of
plates
Stores, modifies and
packages proteins
Molecules transported
to and from the Golgi
by means of vesicles
Lysosomes
BACTERIA = NONE
PLANT = #10
ANIMAL = #9
Garbage disposal
of the cell
Contain digestive
enzymes that
break down
wastes
Which organelles do
lysosomes work with?
Mitochondria
BACTERIA = NONE
PLANT = #8
ANIMAL = #13
“Powerhouse of the
cell” makes ATP
energy for the cell
Cellular respiration
occurs here to release
energy for the cell to
use
Bound by a double
membrane
Has its own strand of
DNA
Chloroplast
BACTERIA = NONE
PLANT = #7
ANIMAL = NONE
Found only in plant
cells
Contains the green
pigment chlorophyll
Site of food (glucose)
production =
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Bound by a double
membrane
Cell Wall
BACTERIA = #6
PLANT = #1
ANIMAL = NONE
Found in plant and
bacterial cells
Rigid, protective
barrier
Located outside of the
cell membrane
Made of cellulose
(fiber) in plants
Vacuoles
BACTERIA = NONE
PLANT = #3
ANIMAL = NONE
Large central vacuole
usually in plant cells
Many smaller
vacuoles in animal
cells
Storage container for
water, food, enzymes,
wastes, pigments, etc.
What type of microscope may have
been used to take this picture?
Centriole
BACTERIA = NONE
PLANT = NONE
ANIMAL = #12
Aids in cell division
Usually found only in
animal cells
Made of microtubules
Where else have we talked
about microtubules?
CAPSULE
Bacteria = #7
Plant – NONE
Animal = NONE
Outer protective
covering of
bacteria.
Pili
Bacteria = #2
Plant = None
Animal = None
Projections on the
surface of bacterial
cells used for
reproduction or
attaching to a cell.
Flagella
Bacteria = #1
Plant = None
Animal = None
Whip-like tail used
for movement.
Quick Review
Which organelle is the control center of the cell?
Nucleus
Which organelle holds the cell together?
Cell membrane
Which organelles are not found in animal cells?
Cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplasts
Which organelle helps plant cells make food?
Chloroplasts
What does E.R. stand for?
Endoplasmic reticulum