Developmental
Genetics
Three Stages of
Development
• division
• morphogenesis
• differentiation
What leads to changes?
• Differential gene
expression.
• Caused by...
Sequential Regulation
• Gene
Expression is
sequentially
regulated
• Cells become
determined
before they
differentiate
Plant and animal devo
• Plants have
totipotent stem
cells
(meristems)
throughout life
• Animals have
totipotent stem
cells for short
part of life
• Animal cells
move in
development
Of course we have videos
• Human Development
• Different types of potential cells
• Embryonic stem cell lines
• Nuclear transfer: cloning
Cloning
• Reproductive
cloning
• Many problems
• Defects
• Too many
methyl groups
Stem Cells
• Adult stem cells
• Bone marrow
• Brain
• Skin
• Hair
• Eyes
• Dental pulp
• Embryonic stem cells are
pluripotent
• Therapeutic cloning
• New induced pluripotent
stem cells from adult cells.
Pattern Formation in
Animals
• Establishes
major axes:
• Anterior
posterior
• Right and
left sides
• Video
Homeotic Genes
• Homeotic genes
contain homeobox
sequences (180
nucleotides long)
regulate body part
formation
• Homeobox codes
for homeodomain
(60 aa long)
• Homeodomains are
almost identical in
animal kingdom
• A video…of course