Who was one of the first people to identify and see cork cells?
1. Anton van
Leeuwenhoek
2. Robert Hooke
3. Matthias
Schleiden
4. Rudolf Virchow
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The work of Schleiden and Schwann can be summarized by saying that
1.
all plants are made of cells.
2.
all animals are made of cells.
3.
plants and animals have specialized cells.
4.
all plants and animals are made of cells.
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Which of the following is NOT a principle of the cell theory?
1.
Cells are the basic units of life.
2.
All living things are made of cells.
3.
Very few cells reproduce.
4.
All cells are produced by existing cells.
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The cell theory applies to
1. bacteria.
2. plants and animals.
3. multicellular organisms.
4. all of the above
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Electron microscopes can reveal details
1.
100 times larger than those visible in light microscopes.
2.
the same size as those visible in light microscopes.
3.
100 times smaller than those visible in light microscopes.
4.
1000 times smaller than those visible in light microscopes.
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Which type(s) of microscopes can produce three-dimensional images of cells?
1. transmission electron microscopes
2. scanning electron microscopes
3. both A and B
4. neither A nor B
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Researchers use fluorescent labels and light microscopy to
1.
produce movies of cells as they grow, divide, and develop.
2.
scan cells with laser beams.
3.
follow molecules moving through the cell.
4.
build three-dimensional images of cells.
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Prokaryotes lack
1. cytoplasm.
2. a cell membrane.
3. a nucleus.
4. genetic material.
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Which of the following contain a nucleus?
1. prokaryotes
2. bacteria
3. eukaryotes
4. organelles
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Eukaryotes usually contain
1. a nucleus.
2. specialized organelles.
3. genetic material.
4. all of the above
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Which of the following organisms are prokaryotes?
1. plants
2. animals
3. bacteria
4. all of the above
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Which of the following is a function of the nucleus?
1. stores DNA
2. controls most of the cell’s processes
3. contains the information needed to make proteins
4. all of the above
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Which of the following is NOT found in the nucleus?
1. cytoplasm
2. nucleolus
3. chromatin
4. DNA
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Which of the following statements explains why the nucleus is important to cells?
1.
Only eukaryotes have nuclei.
2.
Only prokaryotes have nuclei.
3.
The nucleus contains coded instructions for making proteins.
4.
The nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear envelope.
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Which of the following structures is found in the cytoplasm?
1. nucleolus
2. ribosome
3. chromatin
4. cell wall
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Which organelle breaks down food into molecules the cell can use?
1. Golgi apparatus
2. lysosome
3. endoplasmic reticulum
4. mitochondrion
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Which structure makes proteins using coded instructions that come from the nucleus?
1. Golgi apparatus
2. mitochondrion
3. vacuole
4. ribosome
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Which organelle converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use?
1. chloroplast
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2. Golgi apparatus
3. endoplasmic reticulum
4. mitochondrion
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Which organelles help provide cells with energy?
1. mitochondria and chloroplasts
2. rough endoplasmic reticulum
3. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
4. Golgi apparatus and ribosomes
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Which sequence correctly traces the path of a protein in the cell?
1. rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, released from the cell
2. ribosome, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplast
3. smooth endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome, Golgi apparatus
4. mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, cell membrane
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Which organelle would you expect to find in plant cells but not animal cells?
1. mitochondrion
2. ribosome
3. chloroplast
4. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
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Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?
1. helps a cell keep its shape
2. contains DNA
3. surrounds the cell
4. helps make proteins
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Which structures carry out cell movement?
1. cytoplasm and ribosomes
2. nucleolus and nucleus
3. microtubules and microfilaments
4. chromosomes
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Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton?
1. helps the cell maintain its shape
2. helps the cell move
3. prevents chromosomes from separating
4. helps organelles within the cell move
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The main function of the cell wall is to
1. support and protect the cell.
2. store DNA.
3. direct the activities of the cell.
4. help the cell move.
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Unlike the cell membrane, the cell wall is
1. found in all organisms.
2. composed of a lipid bilayer.
3. a flexible barrier.
4. usually made of tough fibers.
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You will NOT find a cell wall in which of these kinds of organisms?
1. plants
2. animals
3. fungi
4. all of the above
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Which of the following structures serves as the cell’s boundary from its environment?
1. mitochondrion
2. cell membrane
3. chloroplast
4. channel proteins
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Which of the following is a function of the cell membrane?
1. breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, 25% and proteins from foods
2. stores water, salt, proteins, and carbohydrates
3. keeps the cell wall in place
4. regulates which materials enter and leave the cell
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The cell membrane contains channels and pumps that help move materials from one side to the other. What are these channels and pumps made of?
1. carbohydrates
2. lipids
3. bilipids
4. proteins
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Diffusion is the movement of molecules from
1.
an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.
2.
an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
3.
an area of equilibrium to an area of high concentration.
4.
all of the above
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Diffusion occurs because
1
1. molecules constantly move and collide with each other.
2. the concentration of a solution is never the same throughout a solution.
3. the concentration of a solution is always the same throughout a solution.
4. molecules never move or collide with each other.
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When the concentration of molecules on both sides of a membrane is the same, the molecules will
1.
move across the membrane to the outside of the cell.
2.
stop moving across the membrane.
3.
move across the membrane in both directions.
4.
move across the membrane to the inside of the cell.
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Which means of particle transport requires input of energy from the cell?
1. diffusion
2. osmosis
3. facilitated diffusion
4. active transport
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The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called
1. osmotic pressure.
2. osmosis.
3. facilitated diffusion.
4. active transport.
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An animal cell that is surrounded by fresh water will burst because the osmotic pressure causes
1. water to move into the cell.
2. water to move out of the cell.
3. solutes to move into the cell.
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4. solutes to move out of the cell.
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Which term refers to cells having different jobs in an organism?
1. multicellular
2. cell specialization
3. levels of organization
4. unicellular
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The cells of multicellular organisms are
1.
smaller than those of unicellular organisms.
2.
simpler than those of unicellular organisms.
3.
specialized to perform different tasks.
4.
not dependent on one another.
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All of the following are examples of cell specialization EXCEPT
1.
a pancreatic cell that produces proteindigesting enzymes.
2.
muscle cells that control movement of materials in the body
3.
a prokaryotic cell that carries out photosynthesis.
4.
a red blood cell that carries oxygen.
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Which of the following is an example of an organ?
1. heart
2. epithelial tissue
3. digestive system
4. nerve cell
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All of the following are types of tissues EXCEPT
1. muscle.
2. connective.
3. digestive.
4. nerve.
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A group of similar cells that perform a particular function is called a(an)
1. organ.
2. organ system.
3. tissue.
4. division of labor.
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Which of the following is an organ of the digestive system?
1. stomach
2. nerve tissue
3. muscle cell
4. epithelial tissue
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An organ system is a group of organs that
1.
are made up of similar cells.
2.
are made up of similar tissues.
3.
work together to perform a specific function.
4.
work together to perform all the functions in a multicellular organism.
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Which list represents the levels of organization in a multicellular organism from the simplest level to the most complex level?
1. cell, tissue, organ system
2. organ system, organ, tissue, cell
3. tissue, organ, organ system
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4. cell, tissue, organ, organ system
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If a cell contains a nucleus, it must be a prokaryote. _________________________
1. True
2. False
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Figure 7 –1

The cell represented in Figure 7 –1 is a eukaryote. _________________________
1. True
2. False
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The assembly of ribosomes begins in a small dense structure called the chromatin.
_________________________
1. True
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2. False
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Ribosomes stud the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum.
_________________________
1. True
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2. False
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Many membrane proteins are made by the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
_________________________
1. True
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2. False
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Cilia and flagella are made of protein filaments called endoplasmic reticulum.
_________________________
1. True
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2. False
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The cytoskeleton helps to move organelles within the cell.
_________________________
1. True
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2. False
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The main function of the cell wall is to provide support and protection.
_________________________
1. True
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2. False
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Water, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and some other substances can pass through the cell wall. _________________________
1. True
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2. False
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The nuclear envelope regulates which substances enter and leave a cell.
_________________________
1. True
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2. False
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Once equilibrium is reached, roughly equal numbers of molecules move in either direction across a semipermeable membrane, and there is no further change in concentration on either side of the membrane.
_________________________
1. True
2. False
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A red blood cell placed in pure water will shrink. _________________________
1. True
2. False
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There is a division of labor among the cells of multicellular organisms.
_________________________
1. True
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2. False
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Cell specialization means that the cells in an organism are uniquely suited to reproduce.
_________________________
1. True
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2. False
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A typical organ is made up of many different kinds of cells and tissues.
_________________________
1. True
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2. False
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According to the cell theory, all cells come from existing ____________________.
1 2 3

In a eukaryote, the material between the cell membrane and the nucleus is called the
____________________.
1 2 3

Figure 7 –2

The material indicated in Figure 7 –2 by the letter B is called the
____________________.
1 2 3

During cell division, chromatin condenses to form
_________________________, which are threadlike structures containing genetic material.
1 2 3

Figure 7 –3

The structure labeled
____________________ in Figure 7 –3 consists of DNA bound to protein.
1 2 3

RNA and other molecules leave the nucleus through the structure labeled
____________________ in Figure 7 –3.
1 2 3

Eukaryotes contain specialized structures that perform important cellular functions. These structures are called ____________________.
1 2 3

Unlike smooth endoplasmic reticulum, rough endoplasmic reticulum has
____________________ attached to it.
1 2 3

Enzymes in the
_________________________ attach carbohydrates and lipids to proteins.
1 2 3

Figure 7 –1

The structure indicated in Figure 7 –1 by the letter F is usually larger in
____________________ cells.
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1 2 3
The cell takes in food and water and eliminates wastes through the
_________________________.

Molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated.
This process is called ____________________.
1 2 3

Large molecules such as glucose that cannot cross the lipid bilayer can still move across the membrane with a concentration gradient by _________________________.
1 2 3

The cells in a multicellular organism have specific jobs. This is called cell
_________________________.
1 2 3

The levels of organization in a multicellular organism are ____________________, tissues,
____________________, and organ systems.
1 2 3

Based on the cell theory, can you assume that all cells reproduce? Why or why not?
1 2 3

What does the cell theory say?
1 2 3

1 2 3
How do prokaryotes and eukaryotes differ?

Figure 7 –3

Identify the structure shown in Figure
7 –3 and describe its main functions.
1 2 3

What are two functions of the nucleus?
1 2 3

Figure 7 –2

Identify each of the cell structures indicated in Figure 7 –2. Use these terms: nucleus, mitochondrion, ribosome, cell membrane, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, rough endoplasmic reticulum, nucleolus, Golgi apparatus, cytoplasm.
1 2 3

1 2 3
List two jobs of the cytoskeleton.

What advantages do cell walls provide plant cells that contact fresh water?
1 2 3

What would happen if the cell membrane became impermeable?
1 2 3

Suppose a cell were treated with a chemical that inhibits active transport. What would happen?
1 2 3

1 2 3
Define diffusion.

Explain, in terms of osmosis, why a raisin placed in a cup of pure water overnight will puff up with water.
1 2 3

What would happen to an animal cell with an internal salt concentration of 0.8% if it were placed in a salt solution with a concentration of 20%? Why?
1 2 3

A hypertonic salt solution has a higher concentration of solutes than a blood cell. Explain what happens when a blood cell is placed in a hypertonic salt solution.
1 2 3

List the four levels of organization in order from simplest to most complex.
1 2 3

Summarize three statements from the cell theory. Explain the significance of the cell theory to biology.
1 2 3

Describe the cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus, and cytoplasm. Which of these structures are you likely to find in a prokaryotic cell? Eukaryotic cell? Plant cell? Animal cell?
1 2 3

Compare prokaryotes with eukaryotes.
Give an example of each type of cell.
1 2 3

Distinguish between microtubules and microfilaments. Describe two functions of each kind of structure.
1 2 3

Compare and contrast the structure and function of the cell wall with that of the cell membrane.
1 2 3

Compare the cell membrane to a mosaic.
1 2 3

Describe what happens when sugar solutions with two different concentrations are placed on opposite sides of a semipermeable membrane in a container.
1 2 3

How do facilitated diffusion and active transport differ?
1 2 3

Compare a cell from a unicellular organism with a cell from a multicellular organism in terms of cell specialization.
1 2 3

Discuss the levels of organization in multicellular organisms and explain why these levels are not used to describe unicellular organisms.
1 2 3