Cell Organelles
Analogies & Color Coding
Welcome to the World of Cells!

Cells make up all living things!
They come in many shapes and sizes!
They are the world of life science!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ow0jH2E
g8v4&feature=related
What is a Cell?

A cell is the smallest unit of life.

Your body is made up of trillions of cells with each one
working hard to produce proteins. (Cell’s Main Job!)

These proteins are used as building blocks for many different
things. For example, your hair and nails are made up of a
special protein made by cells.

However, in order to carry out this important task, cells are
made of tiny structures that work together. These tiny
structures are called organelles. They work together just
like a factory!
CELL MEMBRANE
Organelle
Plant,
Animal, or
Both?
Cell
▪ Both
Membrane
Structure and Function
This cell part
is just like…
 Surrounds the outside of the cell. ▪Security
Guard
▪Controls what substances can
enter and exit the cell
CELL WALL
Organelle
Cell Wall
Plant,
Animal, or
Both?
 Plant
Structure and Function
▪ Surrounds the cell membrane ;It
is a tough and rigid covering
made of cellulose
▪ Gives a plant shape, support, and
protection
This cell part
is just like…
 Cement
between the
bricks in a
Brick Wall
CYTOPLASM (Cytosol)
Organelle
Cytoplasm
(cytosol)
Plant,
Animal,
or Both?
▪Both
Structure and Function
▪ Jelly-like fluid in cell
▪Holds all other organelles in place
This cell part
is just like…
▪ Jell-O
Animal
Cell Membrane (9) = Medium Blue
Cytoplasm (2) = Light Blue
Plant
Cell Membrane (7) = Medium Blue
Cytoplasm (2) = Light Blue
Cell Wall (5) = Gold
NUCLEUS
Organelle
Plant,
Animal, or
Both?
Nucleus

Both
Structure and Function
▪
Nucleus controls and directs all of the cell’s
activities
▪
▪
The nucleus also protects a cell’s genetic
material called chromatin. Another word
for chromatin is DNA. DNA contains all
the instructions for what proteins it should
make.
Check out glowing mice and transparent frogs :
▪
Mice - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n0UzdYRnMtY
Frogs - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YZ4JmG-D9DM
▪
The nucleus is protected by a nuclear
membrane. This membrane protects the
nucleus allowing certain materials to enter
and exit through pores.
This cell
part is just
like…
▪
Brain
NUCLEOLUS
Organelle
Plant,
Animal,
or Both?
Nucleolus ▪
Structure and Function
Both ▪
▪
Dark region inside the nucleus
The site where ribosomes are
made
This cell part is
just like…
▪
Center of
tootsie roll
pop
Animal
Plant
Nuclear Membrane (6) = Pink
Chromatin (12) = Black
Nucleolus (13) = Purple
Nuclear Membrane (8) = Pink
Chromatin (12) = Black
Nucleolus (9) = Purple
Nucleus is the entire circular structure
Nucleus is the entire circular structure
RIBOSOMES
Organelle
Ribosome
Plant,
Animal,
or Both?
▪ Both
Structure and Function
▪Small, grain-like bodies floating in
the cytoplasm or attached to the
Endoplasmic Reticulum
▪Responsible for making proteins
This cell part
is just like…
▪ Factory
Worker
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Organelle
ER
Plant,
Animal, or
Both?
▪
Both
Structure and Function
▪
A maze of tube-like membranes.
▪
▪
▪
Rough ER
studded with ribosomes
Acts as a passageway for protein
material sending it to the Golgi body
▪
▪
▪
Smooth ER
does not have ribosomes
Acts as a passageway for non-protein
material (fats and carbohydrates)
This cell part is
just like…

Assembly
Line

Subway
Tunnel
Animal
Rough ER (7) = Yellow
Smooth ER (11) = Medium Orange
Ribsomes (8) = Leave as Black Dots
Plant
Rough ER (10) = Yellow
Smooth ER (11) = Medium Orange
Ribsomes (13) = Leave as Black Dots
GOLGI BODY
Plant,
Organelle Animal,
or Both?
Golgi
body
▪Both
Structure and Function
▪Flattened stacks of membrane (looks
like pita bread)
▪Works to package, tag, and ship a
protein to its destination inside or
outside of the cell.
This cell
part is just
like…
▪ Mailroom
VESICLE
Organelle
Vesicle
Plant,
Animal,
or Both?

Both
This cell part is
just like…
Structure and Function
▪
Small membrane sacs
▪
▪
Transports proteins from one ▪
part of the cell to another
Factory Car
Vesicle sounds
like “Vehicle”
Animal
Golgi Body (14) = Brown
Vesicles (3) = Dark Orange
Plant
Golgi Body (6) = Brown
Vesicles (15) = Dark Orange
VACUOLE
Plant,
Animal,
Organelle
or
Both?
Vacuole
▪Both
Structure and Function
This cell part is just
like…
▪Plants –Have 1 large vacuole
filled with mostly water
▪Plant = Swimming
Pool
▪Animals – Have many smaller
vacuoles filled with food
▪Animal=Refrigerator
▪Vacuole sounds like
“Vaccuum”
LYSOSOME
Organelle
Lysosomes
Plant,
Animal,
or Both?
▪
Both
Structure and Function
▪
Small membrane sacs
▪
Contains special chemicals to
digest food, old cell parts, or
waste
This cell part
is just like…
▪
Garbage
Disposal
Animal
Vacuole (4) = Dark Blue
Lysosome (10) = Light Red
Plant
Vacuole (4) = Dark Blue
MITOCHONDRIA
Organelle
Mitochondria
Plant,
Animal, or
Both?
▪
Both
Structure and Function
▪
A jelly-bean shaped structure
with an outer membrane and
inner membrane which is
folded.
▪
Produces usable energy for
the cell by breaking down
sugar called glucose
(powerhouse of the cell)
This cell
part is just
like…
▪
Battery
CHLOROPLAST
Organelle
Plant,
Animal, or
Both?
Chloroplast ▪
Plant
Only
Structure and Function
▪
A green, jelly-bean shaped
structure with an outer and inner
membrane
▪
Captures sunlight and uses it to
produce food (glucose) for a
plant cell
This cell
part is just
like…
▪
Solar
panel
Animal
Mitochondria (1) = Dark Red
Plant
Mitochondria (1) = Dark Red
Chloroplasts (3) = Green
The Inner Life of a Cell is Spectacular!

Now that you know a cell’s job is to
make proteins, watch these proteins
in action as they work to make the
inner life of a cell come alive.

Harvard University selected XVIVO
to develop an animation that would
take their biology students on a
journey through the microscopic
world of a cell
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M
szlckmc4Hw