http://www.pearyms.org/ourpages/auto/2011/10/1
2/46704722/4SAMPLE%20Cell%20Organelle%20Travel%20Br
ochure.pdf
Cell Organelles
United Streaming – Intro to Cells – 21 mins
http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAss
etId=B44914C8-A0E0-4F26-8B1722E8F4EA4586&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US
Cell Membrane
• All living cells must maintain a balance
(homeostasis) regardless of internal and external
conditions.
Cell Membrane
• a.k.a. plasma membrane is the boundary
between the cell and it’s environment.
• it regulates what passes into and out of the
cell.
• some substances easily cross the
membrane, while others cannot cross at
all. For this reason, the cell membrane is
said to be "Selectively Permeable”
Lipid bilayer
• mostly made of phospholipid molecules
• phospholipids are a lipid that consists of 2
fatty acid (tails), and phosphate group
(heads).
• The phosphate head is hydrophilic
meaning “water loving".
• The lipid tails are hydrophobic meaning
“water –fearing”.
• Cells are bathed in aqueous, or watery,
environment. Since the inside of a cell is also an
aqueous environment, both sides of the cell
membrane are surrounded by water molecules.
• These water molecules cause the phospholipids
of the cell membrane to form two layers.
Fluid Mosaic Model
• proteins in
membranes help to
move material into
and out of the cell.
• cholesterol –
decreases the
movement of
phospholipids
Nucleus
surrounded by a double layer
membrane called the nuclear
envelope.

- has pores which allows
things to enter and leave the
nucleus
• control center of the cell controls all cellular activity
Nucleolus

Organelle within nucleus
• contains DNA, in the form of long
strands called chromatin. (chromatin
coils to form chromosomes)
• DNA genetic information - and
direction for making proteins
• site of ribosome synthesis
Organelles
• All cells contain specialized structures
called organelles.
• Each organelle has a specific function in
the cell.
• Many (but not all) organelles are
surrounded by their own membrane
Ribosomes
• Not bound by a membrane
• site of protein synthesis
• exist floating freely in the
cytoplasm or bound to rough
ER
• Ribosomes floating in the cytosol , make
proteins that will be used within the cell
Endoplasmic Reticulum - ER
ER membrane is continuous with
the nuclear membrane

functions primarily as an
intracellular highway, a path along
which molecules move from one part
of the cell to another

Rough ER
•Rough ER – has ribosomes
attached to its surface
•Proteins made by the
ribosomes attached to the
rough ER are trasported
out of the cell, or become
part of the cell membrane
Smooth ER

no ribosomes attached
Synthesizes lipids and
steroids (hormones)


detoxifies drugs
Golgi Apparatus
receives proteins from the rough
ER

sorts, modifies and repackage
these molecules for transport the
cell membrane or secretion from
the cell.


vacuoles – storage units
Lysosomes

membrane bound sacs
contain digestive
enzymes (proteins)


site of food digestion
Cytoplasm
•Cytosol + organelles
•Cytosol - is the internal
fluid of the cell
•contains various organelles
as well as salts, dissolved
gasses and nutrients.
Mitochondria
 the cell's power producers

site of cellular respiration
contain ribosomes and DNA

Centrioles
plays an important role in
cell division


made up of microtubules

not found in plants
Cilia and Flagella
cilia - hairlike organelles that
extend from the surface of the
cell


flagella – whip like structure
assist in movement

Unique Features of Plant Cells
cell wall – supports and protects the
plant.

Central vacuoles – 1 large vacuole
in plant cells; pump out excess water

Chloroplast
make or store food; process
of photosynthesis

like mitochondria that
are surrounded by a
double membrane and
contain their own DNA
and ribosomes

Endomembrane prtotein system
http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/cellstructures/endomembrane%20protein%20synthesi
s.swf
Vesicle Budding and Fusing
http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/anisamples/nonmajorsbiology/vesiclebudding.html
Lysosomes – (copy and paste)
http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/olc/dl/120067/bio01.swf
The evolution of organelles
http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/anisamples/nonmajorsbiology/organelles.html