The BIG idea:
All living things are made up of cells
Key Concepts:
1.1: The cell is the basic unit of living things
1.2: Microscopes allow us to see inside the cell
1.3: Different cells perform various functions
*** TAKE NOTES!!!***
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All organisms are multicellular?
The cell theory says the cell is the basic unit
of life (T/F).
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Which is larger: bacteria or animal cell?
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How many bacteria cells fit across a dime?
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Do you think a real dime has bacteria on it?
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All organisms are multicellular?
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The cell theory says the cell is the basic unit
of life (T/F).
◦ Some are
◦ True
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Which is larger: bacteria or animal cell?
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How many bacteria cells fit across a dime?
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Do you think a real dime has bacteria on it?
◦ Animal
◦ 17,000
◦ Bacteria is everywhere!
http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/an
imations/content/scientificmethod.html
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Unit of Measure: mm = micrometer
1 mm = 10-9 m = one millionth of a meter
Cell size ranger ~1 mm to 1000 mm
◦ 17,000 bacteria cells to reach across a dime
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What is the difference between light and
electron microscopes?
Light Microscope
◦ Bends light to make objects appear bigger than
they are
◦ Can observe living things
◦ Limited to > 0.2 mm
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Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and
Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
◦ As small as 0.002 mm
◦ Cannot view live specimens
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Scanning Electron Microscope
◦ Cell sample is coated in a heavy metal, electrons are
sent towards the cell, the electrons bounce back,
are detected, and a 3-D image of the surface is
produced.
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Transmission Electron Microscope
◦ Cell is sliced extremely thin
◦ Electrons pass through a section
◦ Images appear 2-D
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All cells have a cell membrane and cytoplasm
Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic
◦ Euk: genetic material stored in the nucleus
 Most multicellular
◦ Prok: stored in cytoplasm (no membrane)
 Most unicellular
Prokaryotic Cell
Eukaryotic Cell
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Eukaryotic cells
◦ Two main compartments: nucleus and cytoplasm.
◦ Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplast, central
vacuole, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum,
ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, vesicles,
mitochondrion, cell membrane
◦ Animal cells have lysosomes, nucleus,
endoplasmic retilum, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus,
vesticles, mitochondrion, cell membrane
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Cell Wall: protects and supports the cell
Ribosomes: gather materials a cell needs to
build important molecules called proteins
Chloroplasts: where sunlight is used to make
sugar (Photosynthesis!)
Mitochondria: organelles that use oxygen to
process food for energy
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In the cytoplasm…starting materials:
◦ Endoplasmic reticulum
 processes materials it gets from ribosomes to
manufacture proteins and parts of the cell membrane
 Also involved in transport: vesicles transport
processed material to Golgi apparatus
 Golgi Apparatus: pancake like. Finishes processing
materials from endoplasmic reticulum.
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Vacuoles
◦ Can hold water, waste, and other materials.
◦ Plant: Large central vacuole to store water, etc.
◦ Animal cells do not have central vacuole.
 Have lysosomes which are vacuoles that contain
chemicals that break down materials
Cell
Organelles
Names
Organelle drawing
Analog
drawing
Similar
functions
We will design a giant cell mural for the
wall using the organelle/city drawings.
Cool Resource:
http://www.cellsalive.com/
City
Analogies
Cell Membrane
City border
Cell Wall
City Wall
Cytoplasm
Lawns
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Highway or road system
Ribosomes
Lumber or brick yard
Golgi Bodies
Post Office or UPS
Chloroplasts
Solar Energy Plants
Nuclear Membrane
City Hall Fence with security
guard
Mitochondria
Energy Plants
Nucleus
City Hall
DNA
Original Blueprints or the
city
RNA
Copies of Blueprints
Nucleolus
Copy Machine
Lysosomes
Waste Disposal/ Recyclers
Vacuole
Warehouses, water towers
or garbage dumps
Protoplasm
Air or atmosphere
Chromosomes
Rolled up blueprints
Proteins
Lumber or bricks
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To write a number in scientific notation:
Put the decimal after the first digit and drop
the zeroes.
In the number 123,000,000,000 The
coefficient will be 1.23
To find the exponent count the number of
places from the decimal to the end of the
number.
In 123,000,000,000 there are 11 places.
Therefore we write 123,000,000,000 as:
1) An oxygen atom measure
14/100,000,000,000 of a meter across.
Write the width of the oxygen atom in
standard form as a decimal number
0.00000000014
2) Write the width of the oxygen atoms in
scientific notation
1.4 x 10-10m
3) A chloroplast measure 5 millionths of a meter
across. Write its width in standard form and in
scientific notation
4)A redwood tree stands 100 meter tall. There are
1000 millimeters in a meter. Express the height of
the redwood tree in millimeters. Write the number
in scientific notation.
5) A typical plant cell measures 1 millionth of a
meter in width. Express the width in standard form
and in scientific notation