5.5 Classification
“You failed
your Latin
exam?!!
But
Sweaty, all
you friends
names
have Latin
roots….”
http://www.cartoonstock.com/newscartoons/cartoonists/cga/lowres/cgan893l.jpg
5.5.1 Why Classify?
• The classification system we use was
invented by Carolus Linneus (1707-1778)
• It is called the Binomial system because
all organisms are given 2 names – their
Genus name and their species name.
e.g Homo sapiens, (man), Mytilus edulis
(common mussel)
Homo sapiens?
Mytilus edulis
http://www.marlin.ac.uk/imgs/Species/Mollusca/o_Mytedu.jpg
• It is important that when scientists in
Mongolia work on a species, a scientist in
Brazil knows which one.
Anemone
http://www.nmessences.com/healing_
images/anemone_white_b1.jpg
Anemone
http://www.sydneyaquarium.com.au/Dow
nloads/INT/Wallpaper_1024x768_Warat
ahAnemone.jpg
•It allows us to group similar organisms
http://www.tigertouch.org/images/cats/l
ion.jpg
http://www.felinest.com/images/bengal
-tiger.jpg
http://www.nopest.com/MountainLion6.jpg
http://i1.treknature.com/photos/6688/imgp1500a1a-copy1.jpg
http://media.photobucket.com/image/genus%20felidae/crowskyler/animania/clouded_leopa
5.5.2 There are 7 levels of
Classification:
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Make up a pneumonic to
remember this list in order.
King Philip Comes Over For
Great Sausages.
Homework:
Classify Humans and one
plant completely .
The 5 Kingdoms
Animalia
Plantae
Fungi
Protist
Bacteria
No cell
walls
Cellulose
cell walls
Chitin cell
walls
Many
types of
cell wall
NAGNAMA cell
walls
Multicellular
Multicellular
Single +
Multicellular
Single
cellular
Single
cellular
Many
feeding
types
Many
feeding
types
Heterotroph Photoautotroph
Saprotroph
5.5.3 A closer look at Plants:
There are 4 phyla:
1. Bryophyte – The mosses
2. Filicinophyte – The Ferns
3. Coniferophyte – The Conifers
4. Angiospermophyte – The flowers
Bryophytes – The mosses
• Simple non, vascular (no xylem and phloem.)
no proper roots but have rhizoids, reproduce
with spores. Male gamete swims to female!
http://www.dcr.virginia.gov/natural_heritage/images/TIa_ph
oto1_500.JPG
http://www.anbg.gov.au/bryophyte/photos800/grrimmia-sp-exposed-rock-WA.jpg
Filicinophytes – the ferns
• Has stems roots and leaves. Reproduces by
spores. Male gamete swims to female.
http://farm1.static.flickr.com/205/519433609_f1a29201d7.jpg
http://www.centralfloridafarms.com/fernvine/foxtail-ferndrm-web.jpg
Coniferophytes – The conifers
• Truly vascular. Reproduce
with pollen. Make cones
with seeds in.
• Leaves are needle
shaped to conserve water.
http://www.cambridge2000.com/gallery/images/
P3075134.jpg
http://www.denverevergreen.com/images/pi
ne_cones-left.gif
Angiospermophytes- Flowering plants
• Have proper flowers. Truly vascular.
http://www.umanitoba.ca/Biology/BIOL1030/Lab8/imag
es/Helianthus_spp(Sunflower).jpg
http://www.ipaw.org/invaders/reed_cana
ry_grass/ReedCanaryGrassC_lg.jpg
5.5.4 The Animal invertebrates in detail
Invertebrates are animals without backbones
there are 6 phyla:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Porifera – sponges.
Cnideria - corals.
Platyhelminthes – flat worms.
Annelida – segmented worms.
Mollusca – snails, octopi.
Athropoda – insects, spiders, crustaceans
Porifera – the sponges
• No mouth or anus. No symetry.
http://www.middleschoolscience.com/spong.jpg
Cnideria – Corals, hydra, jellyfish
• Have a mouth and anus. Have radial
symmetry.
http://www.sydneyaquarium.com.
au/Downloads/INT/Wallpaper_10
24x768_WaratahAnemone.jpg
Platyhelminthes- flatworms
• Have mouth and anus.
Have Bilateral symmetry.
Soft with no skeleton.
http://rivers.snre.umich.edu/www311/Or
ganismPhotos/Platyhelminthes.GIF
Annelida – segmented worms
Hydrostatic
skeleton
Many segments
Bilateral
symmetry
http://www.southtexascollege.edu/nilsson/4_GB_Lecture_figs_f/4_GB_23_AnimaliaInvert_Fig_f/Annelid.GIF
Mollusca – snails, octopi
Have a mouth and anus.
Bilateral symmetry.
http://z.about.com/d/animals/1/0/V/7/shutte
rstock_701650.jpg
Most have a calcium carbonate shell.
Hard rasping ‘radula’ is used for feeding.
http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/images/
graphics/octopus.jpg
Athropoda – insects, spiders,
crustaceans
• Jointed legs. Hard chitin
exoskeleton. Bilateral
symmetry. Segmented body
http://img.quamut.com/chart/6861/01_atlantic_common_crab.jpg
http://tintedglasses.files.wordpress.com/2007/06/cockroach-3.jpg
http://www.hhcc.com/wp-content/uploads/2006/03/spider.jpg