Review for
Biology Lab Material II
Given the Following Strands of DNA,
Which Amino Acid in the Normal
Strand is the First to Be Affected by
the Mutation?
(Continued on Next Slide)
Normal Strand
TAC
ACA
GAA
GGA
____
____
____
____
Mutated Strand
____ ____
____ ____
____ ____
____ ____
UAC = Met
UGG = Thr
GAA = Leu
ACA = Cys
TAC
ACA
AGA
AGG
____
____
____
____
GGA = Pro
GAG = Leu
GGA = Pro
GCC = Arg
____ ____
____ ____
____ ____
____ ____
AGA = Ser
AGG = Ser
GGG = Pro
AAA = Phe
In the Previous Question,
Which of the Three Types of
Mutations Studied in Lab
Affected the Chain of Amino
Acids?
What occurs During Replication
in a Cell?
What Occurs During
Transcription in a Cell?
Where, in a Cell, does
Transcription Take Place?
What occurs During Translation
in a Cell?
Which of these is used to carry the
amino acids to the ribosomes in the
process of translation?
A. tRNA
B. mRNA
C. rRNA
D. DNA
Is the Following Part of a Strand of
DNA or of RNA?
T–
A–
C–
G–
G–
A–
Is the Following Part of a Strand of
DNA or of RNA?
U–
A–
C–
G–
G–
A–
Examine the Following Count of
Allium (Onion) Root Cells Undergoing
Mitosis. The Phase Number does
NOT Indicate the proper sequence?
Phase #
#1
#2
#3
#4
#5
Total
Number of Cells
10
14
13
50
13
100 Cells
Question is on next page…
Using the Information on the
Previous Slide, Calculate the
Phase Percentage for Each Phase.
Phase #1 = _____%
Phase #2 = _____%
Phase #3 = _____%
Phase #4 = _____%
Phase #5 = _____%
In Lab, You Calculated the
Percentage of Time Each Phase
Spent in the Cell Cycle. Using the
Percentages you Calculated in the
Previous Question, Find the Time (in
Hours) out of a 12 Hour Cycle That
Would be Spent in Each Phase
Phase #1
Phase #2
Phase #3
Phase #4
Phase #5
=
=
=
=
=
# of Cells
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
Phase %
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
Time in Hours
_____ Hours
_____ Hours
_____ Hours
_____ Hours
_____ Hours
Knowing that the phases previously
presented are not in any particular
order, which Phase of Mitosis is
Probably Represented by the 50
Cell Count?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telephase
As a result of the independent
orientation of chromosomes during
meiosis, a diploid cell can produce
2n genetically different gametes.
If n = the number of different
chromosomes, how many different
kinds of gametes would result from
meiosis if I had 4 chromosomes.
Meiosis
Haploid or
Diploid???
Haploid or
Diploid???
Haploid or
Diploid???
A Male and Female Pig are
Pictured Below. Which is which?
What
Directional
Term Refers
to the Front
or Snout End
of a Pig?
What Directional Term Refers to
the Hind End of a Pig?
What Directional Term Refers to
the Back of a Pig?
What Directional Term Refers to
the Belly Side of a Pig?
Be Able to
Identify
any
Structures
from Lab
Be Able to
Identify
any
Structures
from Lab.
Be Able to
Identify
any
Structures
from Lab
What is the scientific name for
the pig?
What kingdom is it in?
What phylum is it in?
What class is it in?
Identify the
Indicated
Structures from
the Fetal Pig
1.
2.
8.
9.
3.
10.
4.
11.
5.
6.
12.
7.
13.
Label the
Indicated
Body
Organs.
What are the Top Chambers of the
Heart?
What are the Bottom Chambers of
the Heart?
What Internal Organ Does the
Umbilical Cord Attach To In the
Fetus?
List the flow through the digestive
system starting with the mouth.
.
List the flow through the excretory
(urinary) system starting with the
kidney.
List the flow through the
respiratory system starting with
the nasal cavity
In the human body, what is the
name of the body cavity that
holds the lungs?
What is the name of the body
cavity that holds the intestines?
What muscle separates the two
cavities?
In the human body, what two
systems can the pancreas be
placed into?
Which Body Systems Include the
Following?
Systems
Respiratory
Digestive
Endocrine
Circulatory
Urinary
Lung
Small Intestine
Brain
Gallbladder
Trachea
Stomach
Spleen
Esophagus
Bladder
Bronchi
Diaphragm
Liver
Heart
Kidney
Tongue
Skin
Lymphatic
Nervous
Integumentary
Respiration/Photosynthesis
Remember!
14 Alkaline / Red / Photosynthesis
7 Neutral / Orange
1 Acid / Yellow / Respiration
Name the pH indicator used in the
Photosynthesis/Respiration Lab.
Acid was represented by the color
change to _________.
Basic (Alkaline) was represented by
the color change to __________.
The solution turns yellow due to the
release of the gas _______.
When carbon
dioxide mixes with
water it forms the
compound
______________.
What happens to
the pH?
The pH scale runs from 1-14
with 7 being neutral. A pH
below 7 would be classified
as being ____________,
and a pH greater than 7
would be classified as being
_______________.
If I had my test tube with the
plant, my test tube with beans,
and my control test tube all
placed in the light, which one(s)
would I expect to turn yellow?
What process(es) occur in the
light?
If I had my test tube with the
plant, my test tube with beans,
and my control test tube all
placed in the dark, which
one(s) would I expect to turn
yellow?
What process(es) occur in the
dark?
If I had my test tube with the
plant, my test tube with beans,
and my control test tube all
placed in the light , which
one(s) would I expect to turn
red?
If I had my test tube with the
plant, my test tube with beans,
and my control test tube all
placed in the dark, which
one(s) would I expect to turn
red?
If I add vinegar to my orange control
tube, the pH will become
__________ and my tube will
change to the color __________.
If I blow carbon dioxide into my
orange control tube, the pH will
become _________ and my tube
will change to the color
__________.
Photosynthesis and
Respiration
In the light, plants undergo
___________ and animals
undergo _______________.
In the dark, plants undergo
_______________ and animals
undergo _______________.
Carbon dioxide is consumed (or
used up) during ___________
and it is produced (or given off)
during ____________.
Animals under the process(es) of
_____________ and plants
undergo the process(es) of
___________________.
In plants
undergoing
BOTH
photosynthesis
and cellular
respiration, the
rate of
_________ will
be higher.
What is the name of the process
shown below? What is the
purpose of this process? What do
the bands of color represent?
Identify Each Pigment Below
Leaf Rubbing
Why are leaves green in the
summer but turn colors in the
autumn?
When crossing a homozygous
dominant (PP) parent plant (purple)
with a homozygous recessive (pp)
parent plant (yellow), what is the
genotype and phenotype of the
F1 generation?
P
P
p
p
If we then crossed two members
of the F1 generation together,
what would be the phenotypic
ratio of the F2 generation?
P
P
p
p
Assume we observed corn with
365 purple kernels and 135
yellow kernels.
I want to see if what I counted
matches what Gregor Mendel
said I should get.
What is my null hypothesis?
Complete the Chi Square Using the
Information from the previous slide.
Purple
Yellow
Total
O
E O-E O-E2 O-E2 / E
____ ____ ____ ____ ____
____ ____ ____ ____ ____
____
____
What is my Critical Value?
df
1
2
3
4
p= .99
.00016
0.201
0.114
0.297
.80
0.64
0.446
1.005
1.649
.50
0.455
1.386
2.366
3.357
.20
.10
1.642 2.706
3.219 4.605
4.642 6.251
5.989 7.779
.05
3.841
5.991
7.815
9.488
How many degrees of freedom do I have?
How much error am I allowing?
What is my critical value? (use chart above)
.01
6.635
9.210
11.341
13.277
Do I Accept or Reject My Null
Hypothesis?
• SALR
• Smaller = Accept
• Larger = Reject
• Do I accept or reject my null hypothesis?
What is the Phenotypic Ratio of
Mendel's Classic Cross?
What Type Cross Was It?
Mendel’s Law of ___________
states that when meiosis
occurs and gametes form, the
members of pairs of alleles
become separated and are not
matched up again until the
zygote is formed as egg and
sperm unite in fertilization.
Mendel’s Law of
_____________ states that
meiosis dictates that pairs of
genes will not necessarily be
inherited together.
A _______ is a
random change
in a gene or
chromosome
resulting in a new
trait or
characteristic that
can be inherited
Name a disease discussed
during lab that is caused by a
mutation.
What type of mutation caused
this disease?
Name another disease
discussed during lab that is
caused by a mutation.
What type of mutation caused
this disease?
There are three types of
mutations. What are they?
Which result in a frame shift?
During the Protein Lab, we
actually drew out normal and
mutated proteins.
There are several reasons why
a protein created by a mutant
gene might not behave the
same as a protein created by a
normal gene.
Name one of these reasons.
When drawing the tertiary
structure of a protein, we may
have inserted disulfide bonds.
Disulfide bonds form between
two ______ amino acids
occurring across from one
another.
Identify the process in
green plants and certain
other organisms by
which carbohydrates
(sugars) are
synthesized from
carbon dioxide and
water using light as an
energy source in the
presence of plant
pigments. This process
releases oxygen as a
byproduct.
Identify the biochemical process
in plants whereby specific
substrates are oxidized with a
subsequent release of carbon
dioxide, CO2.
Write the equation for Photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis Equation
6 CO2 + 12 H2O + sunlight → C6H12O6+ 6 O2+ 6 H2O
Name the reactants in the equation.
Name the products produced by the equation.
What state of matter is the reactant CO2 in?
What state of matter is the reactant H2O in?
What is C6H12O6?
Write the equation for Respiration.
Equation for Respiration.
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy for ATP
Through this process , the atoms of the sugar molecule
are rearranged into _____ and ______ molecules. The
energy that was stored in the bonds of the sugar
molecule is released to make _____.
Which reaction must have
energy added for it to proceed?
A. Photosynthesis
B. Respiration
Which reaction will give off
energy as a product of the
reaction?
A. Photosynthesis
B. Respiration
Which reaction can only be
carried out by organisms with
light absorbing pigments?
A. Photosynthesis
B. Respiration
Which reaction can only be
carried out by plants?
A. Photosynthesis
B. Respiration
Which reaction(s) can be
carried out by animals?
A. Photosynthesis
B. Respiration
Which reaction(s) can be
carried out by plants?
A. Photosynthesis
B. Respiration
Identify All the Stages of Mitosis in
the Onion Root Tip Pictured
Below?
3.
1.
2.
5.
4.
Identify the Stage of Mitosis?
Identify the Stage of Mitosis?
Identify the Stage of Mitosis?
Identify the Stage of Mitosis?
The majority of a cells life is spent
is this phase. What is the phase?
The plant and animal cell pictured
below show complete cell division.
What is the term for complete cell
division?
Which cell is a plant cell? Which
cell is an animal cell?
Identify the Stage of Mitosis in a
Whitefish Blastula Cell.
Identify the Stage of Mitosis in a
Whitefish Blastula Cell.
Identify the Stage of Mitosis in a
Whitefish Blastula Cell.
Identify the Stage of Mitosis in a
Whitefish Blastula Cell.
Identify the Stage of Mitosis in a
Whitefish Blastula Cell.
What Occurs During the G1 Phase
of Interphase?
What Occurs During the S Phase
of Interphase?
What Occurs During the G2 Phase
of Interphase?
Prokaryotes reproduce primarily as
a result of ________, the splitting of
a pre-existing cell into two.
Cell division usually involves
two process: _________
(nucelar division) and
_________ (cytoplasmic
division).
A ___________ is a hollow
mass of cells. It is an early
embryonic stage in many
animals.
Who Was the
Father of
Genetics?
Genetics
Give an Example of a
Homozygous Allele Pair.
Give an Example of a
Heterozygous Allele Pair.
Genetics
What is the difference between
a phenotype and a genotype?
In general, rivers in Oklahoma tend
to run from _____ to _____.
Where is the driest part of Oklahoma?
Which half of the state is heavily
wooded?
Indicate the area or region that
corresponds to each Letter on the Map.
A
E
Black Mesa
Ouachita Mountains
D
Wichita Mountains
Tallgrass Prairie
Cross Timbers
B
C
What two dominant grass species
would you find in the Black Mesa
Region?
Blue Gramma Looks
like an Eye Lash
Buffalo Grass Hangs Straight
from One Side
What three dominant grass species
would you find in the Tall Grass
Region?
Indian Grass Looks
Like a Feather
Big Blue Stem Looks Like
a Turkey Track
Little Glue Stem Looks
Like a Pussy Willow
(Fuzzy)
What one
dominant grass
species would
you find in the
Cross Timbers
Region?
Looks Like a Feather = Indian Grass
Identify the Grass
Curves and leans to a one side like an eyelash = Blue Gamma
Identify the
Grass
Straight and leans to a one side = Buffalo Grass
Identify the
Grass
Looks like a Pussy Willow = Little
Blue Stem
Identify the Grass
Turkey Track = Big Blue Stem
Practice - Identify the Grass
Practice Identify the
Grass
Practice Identify the
Grass
Practice Identify the
Grass
Practice Identify the
Grass
What is the highest point in Oklahoma?
In which part of the State is it found?
Which Part of the State is the
Lowest Point Found In?
How many natural lakes are in
Oklahoma? What area of the state
has the majority of reservoirs?
What is Unique about the Mountains in
Southeast Oklahoma?
What Three Major
Highway/Interstate/Turnpike
Systems Divide Our State?
The Bison is the state
___________.
The Mountain Boomer or Collared
Lizard is the state ___________.
The Indian Blanket (Gaillardia
pulchella) is the state
___________.
The Black Swallowtail is the State
____________.
The Honey Bee is Oklahoma’s
State __________.
The Scissortailed Flycatcher is the
state ___________.
Mistletoe is the state ___________.
The Rose Rock is Oklahoma’s
State ___________.
The Watermelon is Oklahoma’s
State ___________.
Indian Grass is
Oklahoma’s
State
___________.
The Rose is Oklahoma’s State
___________.
What are Oklahoma’s State
Colors?
The State
Tree is the
__________.
Identify these Oak Leaves.
?
?
Identify this Leaf.
?
What is the common name of this
animal? Which region of
Oklahoma would it be found?
What is the common name of this
animal? Which region of
Oklahoma would it be found?
What is the
common
name of
this animal?
What
region of
Oklahoma
would it be
found?
What is the common name of this
animal? What region of Oklahoma
would it be found?