October 24, 2014

1. Which characteristic is shared by all cells?
A. They need energy.
B. They reproduce sexually.
C. They make their own food.
D. They move from place to place.

 Which characteristic is shared by all cells?
A. They need energy.
B. They reproduce sexually.
C. They make their own food.
D. They move from place to place.
All living things need a constant input of energy for survival, this energy is all derived from the SUN either directly
(producers) or indirectly (consumers).

2. There are many kinds of warblers throughout the world.
One kind of warbler with black-and-white feathers is often seen on tree trunks. Another kind with golden-colored feathers is often seen in fields. Which statement best explains how the color of these warblers helps them survive?
A. The color of the feathers helps the birds locate nests.
B. The color of the feathers helps to control the amount of body heat the birds lose.
C. The color of the feathers blends into the birds' surroundings and helps the birds avoid predators.
D. The color of the feathers attracts the kinds of insects the birds like to eat.

 There are many kinds of warblers throughout the world. One kind of warbler with black-and-white feathers is often seen on tree trunks. Another kind with golden-colored feathers is often seen in fields.Which statement best explains how the color of these warblers helps them survive?
A. The color of the feathers helps the birds locate nests.
B. The color of the feathers helps to control the amount of body heat the birds lose.
C. The color of the feathers blends into the birds' surroundings and helps the birds avoid predators.
D. The color of the feathers attracts the kinds of insects the birds like to eat.

Refer to the diagram below, showing a food web. The arrows show the direction of energy flow. Each arrow points from the organism that is consumed to the organism that consumes it. Use the information in the food web to answer the question
3.Which statement best explains why decomposers are an important part of this food web?
A. They use sunlight to make their own food.
B. They give off oxygen for animals to breathe.
C.They provide camouflage for small animals.
D. They make nutrients available to plants.

 Which statement best explains why decomposers are an important part of this food web?
A. They use sunlight to make their own food.
B. They give off oxygen for animals to breathe.
C.They provide camouflage for small animals.
D. They make nutrients available to plants.

4. What is the correct order for the levels of organization in living systems from the simplest to the most complex? (Note that not all levels of organization are included.)
A. Elements->Molecules->Cells->Tissues->Organs
B. Molecules->Tissues->Cells->Organs->Organisms
C. Molecules->Elements->Tissues->Organs->Organisms
D. Cells->Tissues->Organs->Organisms->Molecules

 What is the correct order for the levels of organization in living systems from the simplest to the most complex? (Note that not all levels of organization are included.)
A. Elements->Molecules->Cells->Tissues->Organs
B. Molecules->Tissues->Cells->Organs->Organisms
C. Molecules->Elements->Tissues->Organs->Organisms
D. Cells->Tissues->Organs->Organisms->Molecules

5. Which statement about the offspring that result from sexual reproduction is generally true?
A. The offspring show genetic variation from the parents.
B. The offspring have genetic material identical to that of one another.
C. The offspring have genetic material identical to that of one of the parents.
D. The offspring have twice as much genetic material as each parent.

 Which statement about the offspring that result from sexual reproduction is generally true?
A. The offspring show genetic variation from the parents.
B. The offspring have genetic material identical to that of one another.
C. The offspring have genetic material identical to that of one of the parents.
D. The offspring have twice as much genetic material as each parent.
Sexual reproduction will always increase genetic variation.

6. A scientist studied the growth rate of a species of bacterium. The scientist introduced some of the bacteria into a flask of nutrient-rich solution and monitored the growth of the bacterial population by measuring the number of living cells in the solution. The graph below shows the growth of the bacterial population over time in hours (h).
Over which time period did the number of living bacteria increase at the greatest rate?
A. Between hours 0 and 1
B. Between hours 1 and 8
C. Between hours 8 and 16
D. Between hours 16 and 24

 Over which time period did the number of living bacteria increase at the greatest rate?
A. Between hours 0 and 1
B. Between hours 1 and 8
C. Between hours 8 and 16
D. Between hours 16 and 24

7. A green tree frog lives in a forest. How does the frog's green color help it to survive?
A. By helping the frog find other frogs
B. By keeping the frog cool
C. By making the frog hard to see when sitting on leaves
D. By allowing the frog to make its own food

 A green tree frog lives in a forest. How does the frog's green color help it to survive?
A. By helping the frog find other frogs
B. By keeping the frog cool
C. By making the frog hard to see when sitting on leaves
D. By allowing the frog to make its own food
If I ask you how an organisms color that matches its environment helps an organism survive it is camouflage!

8. The diagram shows a food web in a large park. Each circle represents a different species in the food web. Which of the organisms in the food web could be referred to as primary consumers?
A. 7 only
B. 5 and 6 only
C. 2, 3, and 4 only
D. 2, 5, and 7 only

 The diagram shows a food web in a large park. Each circle represents a different species in the food web. Which of the organisms in the food web could be referred to as primary consumers?
A. 7 only (tertiary)
B. 5 and 6 only (secondary)
C. 2, 3, and 4 only
D. 2, 5, and 7 only
Primary consumers eat producers!

9. In the picture of a cell below, which label indicates the part of the cell that contains most of the cell's genetic material?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

 In the picture of a cell below, which label indicates the part of the cell that contains most of the cell's genetic material?
A. 1 (nucleus)
B. 2 (mitochondria)
C. 3(chloroplast)
D. 4 (cytoplasm)

10. Which is a function of a neuron?
A. It carries oxygen to other cells.
B. It secretes digestive enzymes.
C. It removes foreign particles from the bloodstream.
D. It receives signals from the internal and external environments.

 Which is a function of a neuron?
A. It carries oxygen to other cells. (red blood cells)
B. It secretes digestive enzymes. (stomach or intestines)
C. It removes foreign particles from the bloodstream. (white blood cells)
D. It receives signals from the internal and external environments.
Neurons are nerve cells that receive and transmit signals using
NEUROTRANSMITTERS

11. Which living things in the pond system break down dead plants and animals?
A. Green algae
B. Bacteria
C. Rushes
D. Frogs

 Which living things in the pond system break down dead plants and animals?
A. Green algae (producer)
B. Bacteria (decomposer)
C. Rushes (producer)
D. Frogs (consumer)
BACTERIA are the only decomposer listed here.

12. If air pollution causes the rain that falls on this pond to become much more acidic, after two years how will this acidity affect the living things in this pond?
A. There will be more plants and animals because the acid is a source of food.
B. There will be fewer plants and animals because the acid will dissolve many of them.
C. There will be fewer plants and animals because many of them cannot survive in water with high acidity.
D. There will be more plants and animals because the acid will kill most of the disease-causing microorganisms.

 If air pollution causes the rain that falls on this pond to become much more acidic, after two years how will this acidity affect the living things in this pond?
A. There will be more plants and animals because the acid is a source of food.
B. There will be fewer plants and animals because the acid will dissolve many of them.
C. There will be fewer plants and animals because many of them cannot survive in water with high acidity.
D. There will be more plants and animals because the acid will kill most of the disease-causing microorganisms.

13. Which of the following is most consistent with the modern theory of evolution?
A. Parents pass their physical traits to their offspring; those offspring with traits that help them survive in the environment are able to reproduce.
B. Parents change their physical traits in order to survive in the environment, then those parental traits are passed to their offspring.
C. Life on this planet came from another planet far out in space.
D. Living organisms have not changed for hundreds of millions of years.

 Which of the following is most consistent with the modern theory of evolution?
A. Parents pass their physical traits to their offspring; those offspring with traits that help them survive in the environment are able to reproduce.
B. Parents change their physical traits in order to survive in the environment, then those parental traits are passed to their offspring.
C. Life on this planet came from another planet far out in space.
D. Living organisms have not changed for hundreds of millions of years.

14. The sequence of nitrogen bases in a strand of DNA is AGTCCG. What sequence would the complementary strand have?
A. TGACCG
B. GACTTA
C. CTGAAT
D. TCAGGC

 The sequence of nitrogen bases in a strand of DNA is AGTCCG.
What sequence would the complementary strand have?
A. TGACCG
B. GACTTA
C. CTGAAT
D. TCAGGC
DNA contains THYMINE not URACIL.
RNA contains Uracil not Thymine.

15. Pepsin is an enzyme that catalyzes protein breakdown in the stomach. What is the relationship between the concentration of pepsin and the rate of the reaction?
A. The concentration of pepsin has no effect on the rate of the reaction.
B. As the concentration of pepsin increases, the rate of the reaction decreases.
C. As the concentration of pepsin increases, the rate of the reaction increases.
D. As the concentration of pepsin decreases, the rate of the reaction increases.

 Pepsin is an enzyme that catalyzes protein in the stomach. What is the relationship between the concentration of pepsin and the rate of the reaction?
A. The concentration of pepsin has no effect on the rate of the reaction.
B. As the concentration of pepsin increases, the rate of the reaction decreases.
C. As the concentration of pepsin increases, the rate of the reaction increases.
D. As the concentration of pepsin decreases, the rate of the reaction increases.
Enzymes are proteins that SPEED UP (catalyze) reactions, so more enzyme means more reactions at a faster rate!

16. A week after returning from a backpacking trip, four teenagers developed nausea and severe diarrhea. All had consumed untreated water from a stream which doctors concluded was infested with the organism, Giardia. What type of relationship exists between the teens and the organism?
A. commensalistic
B. mutualistic
C. parasitic
D. predatory

 A week after returning from a backpacking trip, four teenagers developed nausea and severe diarrhea. All had consumed untreated water from a stream which doctors concluded was infested with the organism, Giardia. What type of relationship exists between the teens and the organism?
A. Commensalistic (one benefits, other unharmed)
B. Mutualistic (both benefit)
C. parasitic
D. Predatory (one organism consumes the other)
A parasitic relationship is where one organism is benefiting as the other is harmed.

17. If the enlarged organelle stopped working properly, how would the cell immediately be impacted?
A. The cell would not be able to capture energy from sunlight to make food.
B. The cell would not have the energy needed for cellular activities.
C. The cell would not make the proteins needed for repair and growth.
D. The cell would not be able to reproduce itself through cell division.

 If the enlarged organelle stopped working properly, how would the cell immediately be impacted?
A. The cell would not be able to capture energy from sunlight to make food.
B. The cell would not have the energy needed for cellular activities.
C. The cell would not make the proteins needed for repair and growth.
D. The cell would not be able to reproduce itself through cell division.
The organelle is a mitochondrion, and mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration, that produces ATP (usuable energy)

18. Which phase of mitosis does the image represent?
A. Interphase
B. Anaphase
C. Metaphase
D. Prophase

 Which phase of mitosis does the image represent?
A. Interphase
B. Anaphase
C. Metaphase
D. Prophase
Anaphase is defined by the movement of the sister chromatids toward separate ends of the dividing cell.

19. During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes become visible?
A. Anaphase
B. Interphase
C. Prophase
D. Metaphase

 During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes become visible?
A. Anaphase
B. Interphase
C. Metaphase
D. Prophase
The chromatin condenses into chromosomes during prophase,
This organized state of DNA makes it easier for the even division of the replicated DNA that is the end result of mitosis.

20. During which phase of mitosis does cytokinesis begin?
A. Telophase
B. Metaphase
C. Interphase
D. Anaphase

 During which phase of mitosis does cytokinesis begin?
A. Telophase
B. Metaphase
C. Interphase
D. Anaphase
Cytokinesis is the division of cytoplasm between the two daughter cells and it begins during the last phase of mitosis, telophase.

21. Which structure is responsible for the movement of chromosomes during mitosis?
A. Spindle
B. Nucleolus
C. Nuclear membrane
D. Cytoplasm

 Which structure is responsible for the movement of chromosomes during mitosis?
A. Spindle
B. Nucleolus
C. Nuclear Membrane
D. Cytoplasm
The spindle is an extension of the cytoskeleton that begins to develop during prophase, and is responsible for the movement of chromosomes during mitosis.

22. During which phase of mitosis does the DNA replicate
A. Prophase
B. Anaphase
C. Interphase
D. Metaphase

 During which phase of mitosis does the DNA replicate?
A. Prophase
B. Anaphase
C. Interphase
D. Metaphase
The order of phases : interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, back to interphase.
DNA replicates in the nucleus during S (synthesis) phase of interphase. The nucleus is degraded in prophase.

A. Two daughter cells with identical chromosome numbers
B. Four daughter cells with half the chromosome number
C. Two daughter cells with half the chromosome number
D. Four daughter cells with identical chromosome numbers

 What is the result of mitosis?
A. Two daughter cells with identical chromosome numbers
B. Four daughter cells with half the chromosome number
C. Two daughter cells with half the chromosome number
D. Four daughter cells with identical chromosome numbers

24. If a cell with 12 chromosomes undergoes mitosis what is the result?
A. 4 cells with identical sets of 12 chromosomes
B. 2 cells with 6 chromosomes each
C. 2 cells with identical sets of 12 chromosomes
D. 4 cells with 6 chromosomes each

 If a cell with 12 chromosomes undergoes mitosis, what is the result?
A. 4 cells with identical sets of 12 chromosomes
B. 2 cells with 6 chromosomes each
C. 2 cells with identical sets of 12 chromosomes
D. 4 cells with 6 chromosomes each
The end result of mitosis is two identical cells with identical DNA (and chromosome #).
The end result of meiosis is four different cells with half the DNA contained in the parent cell.

25. Which structure shown is exclusively found in plant cells?
A. 1
B. 6
C. 4
D, both B and C

• Which structure below is found exclusively in plant cells?
A. 1 (mitochondria)
B. 6 (Cell wall)
C. 4 (Cholorplast)
D. both B and C
Animal cells do not have cell walls or cholorplasts!

26. What differentiates a Prokaryotic cell from a Eukaryotic cell?
A. The presence of a nucleus
B. The presence of a cell membrane
C. The presence of ribosomes
D. The presence of cytoplasm

 What differentiates a prokaryotic cell from a eukaryotic cell?
A. The presence of a nucleus
B. The presence of a cell membrane
C. The presence of ribosomes
D. The presence of cytoplasm
Always, always, always- a EUKARYOTIC CELL HAS A NUCLEUS, and a PROKARYOTIC CELL DOES NOT HAVE A NUCLEUS.
BOTH eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells have cell membranes, ribosomes and cytoplasm.

27. If all the ribosomes were removed from a cell, what would be impaired?
A. Transport of substances in and out of the cell
B. DNA replication
C. Protein synthesis
D. ATP production

 If all the ribosomes were removed from a cell, what would be impaired?
A. Transport of substances in and out of the cell (CELL MEMBRANE)
B. DNA replication (NUCLEUS)
C. Protein synthesis (RIBOSOMES!!!!)
D. ATP production (MITOCHONDRIA)
WHEN I SAY RIBOSOME, YOU SAY PROTEINS!
WHEN I SAY TRANSPORT, YOU SAY CELL MEMBRANE!
WHEN I SAY DNA OR HEREDITARY INFORMATION, YOU SAY
NUCLEUS!
WHEN I SAY ATP OR ENERGY, YOU SAY MITOCHONDRIA!

28. The presence of chloroplasts within a cell demonstrates…
A. The organism is a heterotroph
B. The organism is an autotroph
C. The organism is a tertiary consumer
D. The organism likes dark environments

 The presence of chloroplasts within a cell demonstrates…
A. The organism is a heterotroph
B. The organism is an autotroph (WHO PERFORMS
PHOTOSYNTHESIS!!!)
C. The organism is a tertiary consumer
D. The organism likes dark environments
Chloroplasts are organelles in PLANT cells that allow them to perform photosynthesis!

29. Which organism would be a prokaryote?
A. Frog
B. Flower
C. Algae
D. Bacteria

 Which organism would be a prokaryote?
A. Frog
B. Flower
C. Algae
D. Bacteria
Bacterial cells do not contain membrane bound organelles, like a nucleus!

30. What are the structures of unicellular organisms in the images below used for?
A. Eating
B. Moving
C. Detecting Sunlight
D. Digestion

 What are the structures of unicellular organisms pictured used for?
A. Eating
B. Moving
C. Detecting Sunlight
D. Digestion
Both cilia and flagella are unicellular adaptations that allow single celled organisms to move or swim.

31. The presence of an eyespot in a unicellular organism would suggest which of the following?
A. The organism is photosynthetic
B. The organism is a decomposer
C. The organism lives deep in the ocean
D. The organism lacks mitochondria

 The presence of an eyespot in a unicellular organism would suggest which of the following?
A. The organism is photosynthetic
B. The organism is a decomposer
C. The organism lives deep in the ocean
D. The organism lacks mitochondria
Eyespots are a unicellular adaptation that enable them to detect sunlight, a reactant in photosynthesis.

32. Which describes the relationship between proteins and DNA?
A. Proteins are made of DNA
B. DNA are made of proteins
C. DNA contains the genetic code from which proteins are made
D. Proteins and DNA are unrelated

 Which describes the relationship between proteins and DNA?
A. Proteins are made of DNA
B. DNA are made of proteins
C. DNA contains the genetic code from which proteins are made
D. Proteins and DNA are unrelated mRNA is transcribed from genes in DNA, that mRNA travels to the ribosome where it is turned into a protein by the process of translation.

33. Which statement is correct about muscle cells and skin cells?
A. Muscle cells and skin cells have different DNA
B. Muscle cells and skin cells have the same DNA, but different genes are activated in each type of cell
C. Muscle cells and skin cells have the same DNA but muscle cells also have extra DNA
D. Skin cells can change into muscle cells

 Which statement is correct about muscle cells and skin cells?
A. Muscle cells and skin cells have different DNA
B. Muscle cells and skin cells have the same DNA, but different genes are activated in each type of cell
C. Muscle cells and skin cells have the same DNA but muscle cells also have extra
DNA
D. Skin cells can change into muscle cells
ALL your cells in your entire body contain the same DNA because they all originated from the same embryonic stem cell. What makes cell types different is that they have different genes that are activated, producing different protein products that determine the cells specialized function within the multicellular organism.

34. The role of heterotrophs in the carbon cycle is:
A. To return oxygen to the atmosphere
B. To return carbon dioxide to the atmosphere
C. To remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere
D. To provide plants with food

 The role of heterotrophs in the carbon cycle is
A. To return oxygen to the atmosphere
B. To return carbon dioxide to the atmosphere
C. To remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere
D. To provide plants with food
Heterotrophs breathe out carbon dioxide as a waste product from cellular respiration, returning it to the atmosphere.

35. What is true about the total amount of carbon within the entire carbon cyle
A. It increases every year
B. It decreases every year
C. It stays the same
D. It fluctuates

 What is true about the amount of carbon in the entire carbon cycle?
A. It increases every year
B. It decreases every year
C. It stays the same
D. It fluctuates
WE are talking about the entire system, not individual reservoirs
(where the amount of carbon fluctuates). Carbon is not created or destroyed, so the whole system remains constant even though it is shuffled around between these reservoirs!

36. Which two things belong together?
A. Acid rain and Nitrogen
B. Rhizobium and Lightning
C. Autotrophs and Photosynthesis
D. All of the above

 Which two things belong together?
A. Acid rain and Nitrogen
B. Rhizobium and Lightning
C. Autotrophs and Photosynthesis
D. All of the above
Acid rain is associated with increased nitrogen compounds in atomosphere. Rhizobium and lightning both fix nitrogen.
Autotrophs (plants) perform photosynthesis.

37. What is assimilation in reference to the Nitrogen cycle?
A. The splitting of atmospheric nitrogen
B. The incorporation of nitrogen into proteins
C. The return on nitrogen to the atmosphere
D. The excretion of nitrogenous compounds as waste by animals

 What is assimilation in reference to the nitrogen cycle?
A. The splitting of atmospheric nitrogen (FIXATION!)
B. The incorporation of nitrogen into proteins
C. The return on nitrogen to the atmosphere
D. The excretion of nitrogenous compounds as waste by animals

38. Which compound is most associated with the greenhouse affect?
A. Carbon dioxide
B. Nitrogen
C. Water
D. Oxygen

 Which compound is most associated with the greenhouse affect?
A. Carbon dioxide
B. Nitrogen
C. Water
D. Oxygen
When you see carbon dioxide
THINK greenhouse effect!

39. What do plants do with the nitrogen they absorb?
A. Kill other plants
B. Use it for photosynthesis
C. Use it to build proteins
D. Use it for cellular respiration

 What do plants do with the nitrogen they absorb?
A. Kill other plants
B. Use it for photosynthesis
C. Use it to build proteins
D. Use it for cellular respiration

40. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria are important because
A. They turn nitrogen from the air into nitrogen compounds in the soil
B. They are essential for plants being able to carry out photosynthesis.
C. They break up dead plants and animals in the soil.
D. They release excess nitrogen from the soil into the atmosphere.

 Nitrogen-fixing bacteria are important because
A. They turn nitrogen from the air into nitrogen compounds in the soil
B. They are essential for plants being able to carry out photosynthesis.
C. They break up dead plants and animals in the soil.
D. They release excess nitrogen from the soil into the atmosphere.
Atmospheric nitrogen is not usable bc it cannot react or be easily broken down. Nitrogen fixation by bacteria and lightning enable plants to incorporate nitrogen compounds into their biological molecules (proteins).

41. Excess nitrates in water cause problems for the Chesapeake
Bay because
A. They cause excessive cellular respiration in plants and animals, resulting in a large amount of carbon dioxide production.
B. They cause excessive bacteria growth resulting in too much oxygen which hurts photosynthesis in plants.
C. They cause excessive algae growth, blocking sunlight and reducing oxygen when the algae dies.
D. Nitrates are poisonous to fish, crabs, and oysters.

 Excess nitrates in water cause problems for the Chesapeake
Bay because
A. They cause excessive cellular respiration in plants and animals, resulting in a large amount of carbon dioxide production.
B. They cause excessive bacteria growth resulting in too much oxygen which hurts photosynthesis in plants.
C. They cause excessive algae growth, blocking sunlight and reducing oxygen when the algae dies.
D. Nitrates are poisonous to fish, crabs, and oysters.
ALWAYS ASSOCIATE EXCESS NITROGEN WITH ALGAL
BLOOMS AND DEAD ZONES, LOWERED O2 in water.

42. Which of the following decreases carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere?
A. Cellular Respiration
B. Decomposition by bacteria
C. Burning fossil fuels
D. Photosynthesis

 Which of the following decreases carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere?
A. Cellular Respiration
B. Decomposition by bacteria
C. Burning fossil fuels
D. Photosynthesis

43. The large increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide in the last 50 years most likely comes from
A. An increase in cellular respiration
B. Increased decomposition by bacteria
C. An increase in the burning of fossil fuels
D. An increase in photosynthesis

 The large increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide in the last
50 years most likely comes from
A. An increase in cellular respiration
B. Increased decomposition by bacteria
C. An increase in the burning of fossil fuels
D. An increase in photosynthesis (this would decrease CO2)
Associate burning of fossil fuels with increased CO2 and the greenhouse effect (that causes global warming)

44. Chemicals that are used to communicate between two members of the same species are called:
A. Taxis
B. Stimulus
C. Pheromones
D. Camouflage

 Chemicals that are used to communicate between two members of the same species are called:
A. Taxis
B. Stimulus
C. Pheromones
D. Camouflage

45. Which type of learning happens in a narrow window of time shortly after birth?
A. Habituation
B. Imprinting
C. Classical conditioning
D. Operant conditioning

 Which type of learning happens in a narrow window of time shortly after birth?
A. Habituation
B. Imprinting
C. Classical conditioning
D. Operant conditioning

46. In addition to advertising to mates, why might an animal be brightly colored?
A. To warn potential predators of an animal’s toxicity.
B. To be camouflaged.
C. To attract predators.
D. To tell other animals where food is.

 In addition to advertising to mates, why might animals be brightly colored?
A. To warn potential predators of an animal’s toxicity.
B. To be camouflaged.
C. To attract predators.
D. To tell other animals where food is.

49. Which animal dances to tell others where food is?
A. Whooping cranes
B. White-tailed deer
C. Mexican mollies
D. Honeybees

 Which animals dance to tell others where food is?
A. Whooping cranes
B. White-tailed deer
C. Mexican mollies
D. Honeybees

50. An increased response to an increase in light intensity is called…
A. Positive Phototaxis
B. Negative Phototaxis
C. Kinesis
D. Luminis

 An increased response to an increase in light intensity is called…
A. Positive phototaxis
B. Negative phototaxis
C. Kinesis
D. Luminis

51. Which of the following involve trial and error learning?
A. Classical Conditioning
B. Imprinting
C. Taxis
D. Operant Conditioning

 Which of the following involve trial and error learning?
A. Classical Conditioning
B. Imprinting
C. Taxis
D. Operant Conditioning

52. Pavlov’s experiment demonstrated which kind of learning?
A. Innate behavior
B. Classical Conditioning
C. Operant Conditioning
D. Imprinting

 Pavolov’s experiment demonstrated which type of learning?
A. Innate behavior
B. Classical Conditioning
C. Operant Conditioning
D. Imprinting

53. What is the process by which mRNA is made from DNA?
A. Replication
B. Translation
C. Transcription
D. Active transport

 Which is the process by which mRNA is made from DNA?
A. Replication
B. Translation
C. Transcription
D. Active transport
The genetic code is transcribed from DNA to mRNA!

54. Which form of transport requires
ATP?
A. Osmosis
B. Diffusion
C. Passive Transport
D. Active Transport

 Which form of transport requires ATP?
A. Osmosis
B. Diffusion
C. Passive Transport
D. Active Transport
Whenever you have a question about transport the answer is active transport if you see REQUIRES ENERGY or USES ATP or
TRANSPORTS AGAINST A CONCENTRATION GRADIENT
(from lower concentration to higher concentration)

55. Which of these best describes the relationship shown by this Kelp
Forest Ecosystem pyramid?
A. The giant sea bass is a predator of the sheephead
B. The giant sea bass is prey of the sheephead
C. Sea urchins are prey of the kelp
D. Sea urchins are the predator of the sheephead

 Which of these best describes the relationship shown by this Kelp Forest
Ecosystem pyramid?
A. Sea bass are predators of the sheephead
B. Sea bass are prey of the sheep head
C. Sea urchins are prey of the kelp
D. Sea urchins are predators of the sheephead

56. If birds eat insects that feed on corn, which pyramid level would birds occupy?
A. A
B. B
C.C
D.D

A. A (tertiary consumers)
B. B (secondary consumers)
C.C (primary consumers)
D.D (producers)
Insects (C) eat corn (D), making them primary consumers
Birds (B) then eat insects(C), making them secondary consumers

57. As one progresses from level D to level A in this pyramid, the amount of stored energy?
A. Increases
B. Decreases
C.Remains the same

 As one progresses from level D to level A in this pyramid, the amount of stored energy?
A. Increases
B. Decreases
C.Remains the same
Energy flows from the producers (D) toward the tertiary consumers (A), as energy flows, it is lost to the environment via heat and consumed by the metabolism of the organisms in the lowertrophic level.

58. What will happen to an animal cell placed in a salt water solution?
A. The cell will shrink
B. the cell will expand
C. the cell will burst
D. the cell will shrink and then expand and then shrink again

 What will happen to an animal cell placed in a salt water solution?
A. The cell will shrink
B. the cell will expand
C. the cell will burst
D. the cell will shrink and then expand and then shrink again
The solution is hypertonic to the cell (contains a higher concentration of solute: salt in this case), so water will move out of the cell and into the surrounding solution to try to even the salt concentrations between the cell and its surrounding solution.

59. An animal cell placed in a hypotonic solution will
A. take on water
B. lose water
C. Divide
D. Nothing will happen


An animal cell placed in a hypotonic solution will
A. take on water
B. lose water
C. Divide
D. Nothing will happen
Solute is less concentrated in the surrounding solution than in the cell, water moves into cell to balance
Concentrations.

60.
Water diffusing from low solute concentration to higher solute concentration is called.
A. Exocytosis
B. Osmosis
C. Active Transport
D. Water does not move across cell membranes.

 The diffusion of water from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration is called…
A. exocytosis
B. Osmosis
C. Active Transport
D. Water cannot move across cell membranes
Osmosis refers to the movement of WATER and WATER ONLY.
It is a form of facilitated diffusion (uses membrane bound proteins) and therefore passive transport.

61. The image shown below depicts which form of transport?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Active transport
Exocytosis
Facilitated Diffusion
Endocytosis

 The image shown below depicts which form of transport?
A. Active Transport
B. Exocytosis
C. Facilitated Diffusion
D. Endocytosis
Facilitated diffusion is a form of passive transport that uses
Proteins embedded in the cell
Membrane to transport substances from high to low concentration.

62. Rapid consumption of ATP at the cell membrane would indicate which form of transport is taking place?
A. osmosis
B. Diffusion
C. Passive transport
D. Active transport

 Rapid consumption of ATP at the cell membrane would indicate which form of transport is taking place?
A. osmosis
B. Diffusion
C. Passive transport
D. Active transport
Active transport requires energy because we are transporting a substance against its gradient (from low to high concentration) instead of with its gradient (from high to low concentration)-
Remember a system desires equilibrium (equal concentration of substances on both sides of the membrane)!

63. KNOW WHAT HOMEOSTASIS
MEANS!
-Transport of substances in and out of the cell, including water by osmosis is to main homeostasis
-You sweat when its hot out to maintain homeostasis
-Unicellular organisms have contractile vacuoles to maintain homeostasis
Homeostasis:the tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements, especially as maintained by physiological processes.