Meiosis What is meiosis and why is it important in reproduction? Starter Choose a key word from the list below and describe it in your own words. Done? Find out what you neighbour did. Try another. Double helix Scientific paper Nuclear membrane mitosis cytoplasm mitochondria Meiosis What is meiosis and why is it important in reproduction? Starter Complete your revision card for mitosis Learning Outcomes 1) Recall that meiosis is a type of cell division that produces gametes. 2) Explain why gametes only contain half the chromosome number of the parent cell. 3) Recall that a zygote contains a set of chromosomes from each parent. 4) Outline how sexual reproduction gives rise to variation. Call my Bluff Work in teams to come up with 2 alternative definitions for your key word. You win, if no one guesses the right answer. Call my Bluff • • • • • Gamete: Meiosis: Zygote: Chromatid: Organelle Call my Bluff • Gamete: these are sex cells i.e. Sperm and eggs. They have half the number of chromosomes compared to normal body cells. • Meiosis: the process by which sex cells are formed with half the number of chromosomes to a normal cell. • Zygote: a cell produced by the joining of an egg cell and sperm cell. • Chromatid: each of the pair of the chromosomes that are made when DNA doubles during mitosis. • Organelle – a specialised structure within a cell. Genetic information Inside each cell is a nucleus. Inside the nucleus are 46 chromosomes. Each chromosome contains thousands of genes. Each gene codes for a protein. Chromosomes are made of a chemical called DNA. Largest Smallest In a normal body cell you have 23 PAIRS of chromosomes Downs Syndrome Fertilisation • What happens in fertilisation? • If 2 complete cells combined how many chromosomes would the zygote (embryo) have ? 46 46 92 What is a zygote? 92 chromosomes is FAR too many • The embryo has to have 46 chromosomes . • To get this the egg and sperm must have 23 each. 23 23 46 BUT the question is... • If our cells all have 2 sets of chromosomes how do we make gametes (sex cells) with only 1 set? THINK – PAIR – SHARE Gametes have 23 chromosomes Stages of Meiosis • Meiosis only happens in the testes and ovaries to produce eggs and sperm. • During Meiosis as in mitosis, all the genetic information doubles. • In meiosis the parent cells then split twice. • This produces 4 daughter cells which have 23 chromosomes from the parent. (half the normal number) These are either sperm cells or egg cells. Tasks: • 1) complete the meiosis cartoon, cut and paste exercise. 8 mins 2) Complete the mix and match card sort for mitosis and meiosis. 5 mins 3) Complete the past paper questions on mitosis and meiosis. 5 mins • 4) Create a concept map comparing meiosis and mitosis. 5) Write your own exam style question for mitosis and meiosis Plenary Mitosis or Meiosis Produces clones Mitosis or Meiosis • Produces gametes Mitosis or Meiosis • Makes 4 daughter cells Mitosis or Meiosis • Important for repair of damaged parts of the body Mitosis or Meiosis • Used by bacteria to reproduce. Mitosis or Meiosis • Makes 2 daughter cells If all our cells are genetically identical, why do we have so many different organs? THINK, PAIR, SHARE Stem cells and differentiation. What is a major difference between plants and adult humans? Key Word Card Sort Mitosis & Meiosis solve the anagrams by rearranging the letters clue 1. things you find in a cell 2. where the chromosomes are 3. type of cell division 4. type of cell division 5. joining of egg and sperm 6. sex cell 7. how new cells are made 8. the new cell 9. the original cell 10. found in the nucleus letters a gel loner clue sun i miss to some i is airline fist to eat gem sliced violin cat hurdle leg all percent smooch more