Unit 1 Review: Evolution Evolution • Wildlife biologists are working to save some unique birds in coastal plain forests of South Carolina. Which question below must be answered first to determine how the birds can be protected for future generations? – What kinds of industries are likely to develop in the area? – What do the birds need in order to survive and reproduce? – How far can the birds migrate? – How many people live in the area? • John wanted to find out which laundry soap was best for removing grass stains. Each soap was mixed with warm water. It was then used to scrub a piece of grassstained cloth for 1 minute. Then the amount of stain left on the cloth was measured. • What is the dependent (responding) variable? ____________________________________________ • What is the independent (manipulated) variable? ________________________________________ • The part of the brain that controls coordination and balance is the: a. cerebellum b. pons c. hypothalamus d. temporal lobe 8. An inference you can make about an animal with large olfactory bulbs is they have a developed heightened sense of: a) taste b) hearing c) sight d) smell The function of the corpus callosum is to _______________________. a) control critical life functions b) control posture and balance c) control language and movement d) control communication between hemispheres The motor and sensory cortex are parts of the _______________________________. a) cerebrum b) brain stem c) cerebellum d) corpus callosum A person suffers a stroke and the left side of their body is paralyzed. Which hemisphere of their brain was most likely damaged? a) left c) both b) right d) impossible to say The left hemisphere of the brain controls what human characteristics? a. face recognition b. visual imagery c. language and logic d. spatial abilities The folds in the _________________________, give your brain more ________________ a) cerebellum, control of breathing b) brain stem, balance c) corpus callosum, control d) cerebrum, surface area A = Darwin B = Redi C = Lamarck _______1. Some finches in the Galapagos tried to change their beaks to make them stronger in order to crack open seeds. _______2. Some traits are considered heritable, such as strong beaks. _______3. Natural selection is responsible for the changes in the finch beaks. _______4. Changes in a population occur as acquired characteristics are inherited. _______5. Individuals that have inherited traits that better enable them to survive and reproduce will leave more offspring. Through careful observation, Charles Darwin came to understand that: a. populations of plants and animals in nature most often consist of individuals that are clones of each other. b. those individuals whose variation gives them an advantage in staying alive long enough to reproduce are more likely to pass their traits on to the next generation. c. populations acquire inherited traits in their lifetime. d. all of the above. Any variation that can help an organism survive in its environment is called a(n): a. adaptation b. characteristic c. competition d. vestigial structure Traits that appear during an organism's lifetime are known as: a. heritable c. acquired b. adaptive d. mutations Artificial selection differs from natural selection because artificial selection occurs within a(n): a. population c. species b. community d. individual Put the following steps in order of how natural selection happens: i. Individuals with the beneficial trait survive. ii. A change in the environment occurs. iii. Variation exists in a population. iv. The surviving individuals reproduce and pass their traits on to offspring. a. i, ii, iii, iv b. iii, ii, i, iv c. ii, iii, i, iv d. ii, i, iii, iv DNA is found in what structure? a. cytoplasm b. ribosome c. nucleus d. endoplasmic reticulum Two nucleotide sequences found in two different species are almost exactly the same. This suggests that these species: a. are evolving into the same species b. contain identical DNA c. may have similar evolutionary histories d. have the same number of mutations Similarities in embryonic development suggest that organisms: a. are all members of the same species b. all undergo external development c. may have evolved from a common ancestor d. have adaptations for the same environment as adults What can you infer about the structures below? a. b. c. d. They are analogous. They are vestigial. They are homologous. They are homozygous. In the diagram of a whale below, the bones labeled "pelvis" and "femur" appear to be useless. The possibility that these bones were once useful gives support to the: a. b. c. d. modern theory of evolution heterotroph hypothesis concept of fossil formation concept of stable gene frequencies Features that were useful in ancestors but are no longer useful are called a. b. c. d. analogous structures homologous structures vestigial structures homozygous traits According to the readings, what is the true about the presence of vestigial structures? a. They infer a common ancestry because so many different organisms share similar structures b. Their existence shows us that we have much more to learn about what function they serve c. They serve no clear function therefore they are no longer subject to natural selection. d. The pentadactyl limb is an important example of these structures. Which taxonomic level has the least diversity within it? a. Kingdom b. Phylum c. Genus d. Species Multicellular organisms are made up of: a. Eukaryotic cells b. Prokaryotic cells 1. After which animals did mammary glands develop? 2. What animal does not have jaws? 3. Which animals have lungs