http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=arnold+schwarzenegger+movies+pumping+iron&FORM=BIFD&adlt=strict
#
http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/GG/ecb/ecb_images/03_40_2_synthesis_polymer.jpg
http://www.saidaonline.com/en/newsgfx/cat-and-mouse-jpg.jpg
http://imcurious.wikispaces.com/file/view/hydrolysis_reaction.jpg/113609729/hydrolysis_reaction.jpg
http://www.agricultureinformation.com/mag/?p=2984
http://www.carefreeenzymes.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/EnzymeExample.jpg
CONTROLLED BY:
http://www2.ufp.pt/~pedros/bq/all.gif
http://student.ccbcmd.edu/~gkaiser/biotutorials/proteins/images/u4fg3.jpg
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HEAT
RADIATION
ELECTRICITY
CERTAIN CHEMICALS
HIGH pH
http://www.griffined.com/pages/biohomepage.html
http://biogeno.us/faithblogs/johnyongminkim/files/2008/10/img0131.jpg
http://herkules.oulu.fi/isbn9514267672/html/graphic44.png
http://230nsc1.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Biology/imgbio/atpsynp.gif
GLYCOLYSIS
KREBS CYCLE
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
http://library.thinkquest.org/27819/media/glycolysis.gif
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ANAEROBIC
GLUCOSE BREAKS IN HALF:2 3 CARBON
USES 2 ATPS/ MAKES 4 ATPS
NET GAIN: 2 ATPS
FORMS 2 NADH
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/NAD_NADH.jpg
HYDROGEN CARRIER
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ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN NOT
ACCEPTING H
LACTIC ACID FORMED
CITRIC ACID CYCLE
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
http://www.apjohncancerinstitute.org/images/chart2a.jpg
AEROBIC
1 ATP PER CYCLE: 2 ATPS NET
8 NADH
2 FADH2
6 CO2 RELEASED
http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=ELECTRON+TRANSPORT+CHAIN&qpvt=ELECTRON+TRANSPORT+CHAIN&FORM=Z7FD1&adlt=strict#focal=4139d4d535aa5e3jpg
AEROBIC
10 NADH  30 ATPS
2 FADH2  4 ATPS
TOTAL: 34 ATPS
FORMATION OF H2O: Oxygen is the
final electron carrier
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ATP PRODUCTION

GLYCOLYSIS:
 2 ATP

KREB’S CYCLE:
 2 ATP

ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN:
 34 ATP
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TOTAL:
 38 ATP
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NADH PRODUCTION

GLYCOLYSIS
 2
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KREBS CYCLE
 8
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TOTAL
 10
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FADH2 PRODUCTION

KREBS CYCLE
 2
HOW MANY ATPS FOR NADH?
HOW MANY ATPS FOR FADH2?
WHY THE DIFFERENCE?
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FOR?
CATABOLIC REACTIONS: ENERGY
RELEASE (CELLULAR RESPIRATION)
ANABOLIC REACTIONS: TO STORE AS
GLYCOGEN
EXCESS CAN FORM FAT MOLECULES
CAN FORM 12 AMINO ACIDS
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DNA
GENETIC CODE
 GENES
 GENOME
 GENE EXPRESSION
 PURINES (DOUBLE RING): A & G
 PYRIMIDINES: t & c
 COMPLEMENTARY BASE PAIRS: A&T; G&C
 CHROMATIN: DNA AND HISTONES
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WHEN DOES IT OCCUR?
HELICASE UNZIPS
DNA FOR
REPLICATION OR
TRANSCRIPTION
http://library.thinkquest.org/C006188/basics/replication.htm
TRIPLET CODE
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SINGLE STRAND
RIBOSE
URACIL REPLACES THYMINE
MOVE TO RIBOSOMES
3 TYPES:

MESSENGER, TRANSFER, RIBOSOMAL
http://www.chem.uwec.edu/Webpapers2006/sites/fredermr
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WHEN DOES TRANSCRIPTION TAKE
PLACE?
DNA HELICASE
RNA POLYMERASE
WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF FORMING
mRNA?
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CODON
ANTICODON
http://oregonstate.edu/instruct/bb331/lecture12/fi5p20.gif
http://faculty.sdmiramar.edu/fgarces/ChemProj/Ch100_F99/Ch100/wise/protein_synthesis.gif
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TSvRq5C3K8&feature=related
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MUTATIONS
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SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORHISMS:
SNPs
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Change; in <1%
Spontaneous: Replication errors: wrong base or
nucelotide slip
Induced: Mutagens
Can cause disease
No change
COPY NUMBER VARIANT: repeated
sequence
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DNA DAMAGE RESPONSE
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SPECIAL REPAIR ENZYMES
CODON STRUCTURE
2 STRANDS OF EACH CHROMOSOME
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GAMETE
ADULT CELL
CANCER
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INHERITED MUTATION OF ENZYME THAT
BLOCKS A REACTION
BIOCHEMICAL THE ENZYME WORKS ON
BUILDS UP
 BIOCHEMICAL THE ENZYME PRODUCES IS
SCARCE
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