Nuclear Science Merit
Badge Class
1
Nuclear Science Merit Badge
Class
Schedule
Nuclear Science Merit Badge
Class
Time
Discussion
8:30 – 9:25 am (55 min)
Part 1 Radiation and it’s effect.(A207C)
9:30 – 10:00 am (30 min)
Part 2 Definitions and Models. .(A207C)
10:10 – 10:40 am (30 min)
Part 3 Modern particle Physics. (Computer Lab)
10:45 – 11:15 am (30 min)
Part 4 Build a Electroscope and a Cloud Chamber. .(A207C)
11:20 – 11:50 am (30 min)
Part 5 Radon in homes.(A207C).
12:00 – 1:00 pm
Lunch
1:05 -1:35 pm (30 min)
Part 6 Find out how many nuclear power plants exist in the
United States. (Computer Lab)
1:40 – 2:10 pm (30 min)
Part 7 Examples of how energy from an atom can be used in
many different aspects of life. (Computer Lab)
2:15 – 2:45 pm (30 min)
Part 8 Careers in Nuclear Science. (Computer Lab)
2
Nuclear Science Merit Badge
“Nuclear science gives us a simple explanation
of the natural world. The ultimate goal of
nuclear science is to find out if there is one
fundamental rule that explains how matter
and forces interact. Earning the Nuclear
Science Merit badge is a chance for Scouts to
learn about this exciting field at the cutting
edge of science today.”
3
Part 1
Radiation and it’s effects.
4
1. Do the following:
a. Tell what radiation is.
b. Describe the hazards of radiation to humans, the
environment, and wildlife. Explain the difference
between radiation exposure and contamination. In your
explanation, discuss the nature and magnitude of
radiation risks to humans from nuclear power, medical
radiation, and background radiation including radon.
Explain the ALARA principle and measures required by
law to minimize these risks.
c. c. Describe the radiation hazard symbol and explain
where it should be used. Tell why and how people must
use radiation or radioactive materials carefully.
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Radiation gives Superhuman
Powers to The Hulk
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Chernobyl
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Radiation is
•
•
•
•
•
•
Plot device for fiction
Scary
Deadly
Life saving
Misunderstood
Useful
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Radiation is Energy
• The energy is given off by unstable (radioactive)
atoms and some machines.
We will be focusing on ionizing radiation and its health effects.
9
Viewing of
“Atom A Closer Look”
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Nuclear Science Merit Badge
Radiation Naturally
11
ALARA Principle and what is it?
• ALARA" is an acronym for "As Low As Reasonably
Achievable".
12
• How is ALARA used in the practice of radiation
protection?
– ALARA is a basic radiation protection concept or
philosophy.
– It is an application of the "Linear No Threshold
Hypothesis," which assumes that there is no "safe" dose of
radiation.
– Under this assumption, the probability for harmful
biological effects increases with increased radiation dose,
no matter how small.
– Therefore, it is important to keep radiation doses to
affected populations (for example, radiation workers,
minors, visitors, students, members of the general public,
etc.) as low as is reasonably achievable.
13
• Where are ALARA principles utilized?
– ALARA principles can be utilized in an infinite
number of situations.
• For example, the proper design of a nuclear facility
depends on ALARA considerations (e.g., can the addition
of more shielding to an area be justified in terms of the
lower doses it will achieve?).
• In addition, designing an x-ray facility for medical
applications requires consideration of the amount of
shielding needed to ensure that individuals located near
the facility (e.g., on the other side of the wall from the xray unit) do not receive any more dose than is really
necessary during operation of the x-ray device.
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Controlling Radiation Exposure
15
Types of
Radioactivity
Six Common Types
Alpha Decay
•Each type of radiation is ionizing
•But different properties
•affect the hazards they pose
Beta Decay
•the detection mechanism
Gamma Decay
•shielding
Fission
Fusion
Cosmic Rays
16
Radiation Quantities and Units
Radiation Absorbed Dose
Qty: Dose
Unit: rad (Gray)
1 rad = 1000 mrad
1 rad = 100 erg/gram
1 Gy =100 rad
Radioactivity
Qty: Activity
Unit: Curie (Bequerel)
1 Ci = 1000 mCi
1 Bq = 1 disintegration/sec
1 Ci = 3.7  1010 Bq
Radiation Risk
Qty: Dose Equivalent
Unit: rem (Sievert)
1 rem = 1000 mrem
1 Sv=100 rem
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How Does it Decay?
• Alpha - lose an alpha
particle ( - helium
nucleus)
• Beta - emit a beta
particle ( - electron or
anti-electron)
• Gamma - emit a gamma
( or photon or light
particle)
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Alpha Decay
• Alpha particle or helium nucleus
emitted
• Nucleus changes mass by four
units and charge by two units
• Common for heavy elements
• Changes chemical properties
• Alpha particle easily stopped
– 4 x nucleon mass
– +2 Charge
– Big
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Beta Decay
• Beta minus - neutron converts to
electron and anti-neutrino
• Beta plus - proton converts to a
anti-electron and neutrino
• Nucleus changes charge but not
mass number
• Changes chemical properties
• Radiation moderately penetrating
– +1 charge
– Small electron
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Alpha Radiation Is Only a Hazard When Inside
Your Body (Internal Hazard)
Your skin will stop it
can’t penetrate skin
internal hazard
stopped by paper
found in soil, radon and
other radioactive materials
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Beta Radiation Is a Skin, Eye and Internal Hazard
skin, eye and internal hazard
stopped by plastic
found in natural food, air and water
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X-ray and Gamma Radiation Are Penetrating
Radiation and an External Hazard
stopped by lead
found in medical
uses
naturally present in soil and
cosmic radiation
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Types of Exposure & Health
Effects
• Acute Dose - Deterministic
– Large radiation dose in a short period of time
– Large doses may result in observable health effects
• Early: Nausea & vomiting
• Hair loss, fatigue, & medical complications
• Burns and wounds heal slowly
– Examples: medical exposures and
accidental exposure to sealed sources
• Chronic Dose - Stochastic
–
–
–
–
Radiation dose received over a long period of time
Body more easily repairs damage from chronic doses
Does not usually result in observable effects
Inhalation
Examples: Background Radiation and
Internal Deposition
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Deterministic (Acute) Effects
• Examples will include:
– radiation burns (skin
reddening),
– hair loss
– cataracts and radiation
sickness (nausea,
vomiting and
diarrhea).
•
All of these effects results
from acute high doses of
radiation to either a part of
the body or the whole body.
For whole body exposure it
is generally thought that an
absorbed dose of between
3-5 Gy will cause 50% of
those exposed to die within
30 days if medical
intervention is not given.
This is known as the LD-50
dose.
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Stochastic (Chronic) Effects
• Cancer
• Leukemia
• Genetic effects
• Cataracts
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Biological effects of radiation to
humans.
1. Type of radiation involved.
-All kinds of ionizing radiation can produce health effects.
2. Size of dose received.
-The higher the dose of radiation received, the
higher the likelihood of health effects.
3. Rate the dose is received.
4. Part of the body exposed.
5. The age of the individual.
6. Biological differences
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Dosage Chart
Effect
Dose
Blood count changes
50 rem
Vomiting (threshold)
100 rem
Mortality
150 rem
LD 50/60 is the dose which, when delivered in a very
short period of time (typically seconds to minutes),
will cause the death of 50% of a population within 60
days. with minimal supportive care)
320-360 rem
Ld 50/60 (with supportive medical treatment)
480-540 rem
100% mortality (with best available treatment)
800 rem
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29
Examples of Medical radiation
• Radiology
–
–
–
–
Barium Enema
Chest X Ray
Mammogram
CT Exam
• Nuclear Medicine
– Used to fight cancer and
is usually administered
intravenously or by
mouth.
• Cardiology
– Angiogram (contrast
materials are injected
into the heart so the
arteries can be seen.
• Radiation Oncology
– Brachytherapy
– Linear Accelerators
– Gamma Stereotactic
Radiosurgery.
30
Background radiation
• This radiation is constantly present in the
environment and comes from a variety of
sources.
– Food and water
– Space
– Radon gas
– Self-luminous dials and signs
– Global radioactive contamination due to historical
nuclear weapons testing.
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Background radiation cont.
• Global radioactive contamination due to
historical nuclear weapons testing
• Nuclear power station or nuclear fuel
reprocessing accidents
• Normal operation of facilities used for nuclear
power and scientific research
• Emissions from burning fossil fuels, such as coal
fired power plants
• Emissions from nuclear medicine facilities and
patients
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Radiation Hazard Symbol
The symbol is placed on a placard with the
word CAUTION or DANGER or GRAVE
DANGER centered about it. Under the
symbol is the information addressing the
types of hazards.
Examples are:
Radiation Area
High Radiation Area
Airborne
Radioactivity Area
Contaminated Area
Radioactive
Materials Area
60°
60°
R
1.5R
5R
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Other examples of Radiation
symbols
United Nations Symbol
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35
• Do the following:
a. Tell the meaning of the following: atom, nucleus,
proton, neutron, electron, quark, isotope; alpha
particle, beta particle, gamma ray, X-ray;
ionization, radioactivity, and radioisotope.
b. Choose an element from the periodic table.
Construct 3-D models for the atoms of three
isotopes of this element, showing neutrons,
protons, and electrons.
– Use the three models to explain the difference
between atomic number and mass number and the
difference between the quark structure of a neutron
and a proton.
36
Terms and Definitions
• Atom
Basic component of matter. An atom is the smallest
part of an element having all the chemical properties
of that element. An atom consists of a nucleus (that
contains protons and neutrons) and surrounding
electrons.
• Nucleus
The central part of an atom that contains protons
and neutrons. The number of protons uniquely
defines the chemical element.
• Proton
One of three basic particles in an atom. Protons are
located in the atom nucleus, have a positive electrical
charge, and each has mass about equal to a neutron.37
Terms and Definitions
• Neutron
One of three basic particles in all atoms except
hydrogen. Neutrons are located in the atom nucleus,
are electrically neutral, and each has mass about
equal to a proton.
• Electron
One of three basic particles in an atom. The electron
has a negative electrical charge, orbits the atom
nucleus, and has very little mass compared to the
nucleus.
• Quark
basic building block of protons, neutrons, other
baryons, and mesons.
38
Terms and Definitions
• Isotope: atomic nuclei having same number
of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
• Alpha particle: positively- charged particles
consisting of two protons and two neutrons
emitted by radioactive materials.
• Beta particle: high speed electron emitted by
a radioactive nucleus in beta decay.
• Gamma particle: high energy photon emitted
by a radioactive nucleus.
39
Terms and Definitions
• X ray: high- energy photons; high- frequency,
short-wavelength electromagnetic waves.
• Ionizing radiation particles or waves that can
remove electrons from atoms, molecules, or
atoms in a solid.
• Radioactivity Spontaneous emission of radiation
from the unstable nucleus of an atom.
• Radioactive isotope Element that emits ionizing
radiation when it decays. Radioactive isotopes are
commonly used in science, industry, and medicine.
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Definitions
• Background radiation: Radiation arising from
natural sources always present in the
environment, including solar and cosmic
radiation from outer space and naturally
radioactive elements in the atmosphere, the
ground, building materials, and the human
body.
• Contamination: Act of making a substance
impure, radioactive, or unclean.
41
Definitions
• Becquerel (Bq): Measure of the rate of decay of a
radioactive substance. One Bq is 1 disintegration per
second. The human body has thousands of
disintegrations from the presence of potassium-40.
• Curie (Ci): Unit of measure of the rate of decay of a
radioactive material. One Curie is the radioactive
intensity of one gram of radium--37 billion
disintegrations per second.
• Half-life: Time for a radioactive substance to lose
half of its activity due to radioactive decay. At the
end of one half-life, 50% of the original radioactive
material has decayed.
42
Definitions
• Nuclear energy : Energy, usually in the form of heat or
electricity, produced by the process of nuclear fission
within a nuclear reactor. The coolant that removes the
heat from the nuclear reactor is normally used to boil
water, and the resultant steam drives steam turbines
that rotate electrical generators. Nuclear energy is also
produced when two nuclei fuse.
• Nuclear Reactor: Any of several devices in which a
chain reaction is initiated and controlled, with the
resulting heat typically used for power generation and
the neutrons and fission products used for military,
experimental, and medical purposes. Also called
atomic reactor.
43
Definitions
• Particle accelerator: A device, such as a
cyclotron or linear accelerator, that accelerates
charged subatomic particles or nuclei to high
energies. Also called atom smasher.
• Rad: Basic unit of absorbed dose of ionizing
radiation.
• Gray: unit of absorbed dose of ionizing
radiation.
• Radiation: Particles and electromagnetic rays
(waves) emitted from the center of an atom
during radioactive disintegration.
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Definitions
• Radon: Heavy, natural, radioactive gas formed by the
radioactive decay of radium, a decay product of uranium. Its
atomic number is 86 and its atomic weight is 222. It’s symbol is
Rn.
• rem: (Roentgen equivalent man), a unit used in radiation
protection to measure the amount of damage to human tissue
from a dose of ionizing radiation. An average American receives
about 0.360 rems of radiation per year.
• Sievert : Unit that measures the effect of radiation on the body.
"Sievert" replaces the old unit "REM" (Radiation Equivalent
Man), a calculated number based on dose and the body organ
(e.g. a dose on your eye would give a different number from the
same dose on the liver). 1 REM = 10 milliSieverts (mSv).
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Computer Lab
• Construct a 3-D model for atoms.
– Choose 3 elements and explain the difference
between them.
46
Computer Lab
Using the following website, you will
be constructing a model of the atom.
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Part 3
48
Discuss modern particle physics with
your counselor:
a. Name three particle accelerators
and describe several experiments that
each accelerator performs.
b. then discuss modern particle
physics with your counselor:
49
Types of particle accelerators
• Cyclotrons
• Synchrotrons
– These all used single
– a type of particle
beams with fixed targets.
accelerator similar to a
They tended to have very
betatron but having an
briefly-run, inexpensive,
electric field of fixed
and unnamed experiments
frequency with electrons
• Fixed-target accelerators
but not with protons as
– More modern accelerators
well as a changing
that were also run in fixed
magnetic field.
target mode
50
Types of particle accelerators
• Electron-positron colliders
– LEP collides together bunches of electrons with
bunches of positrons, as they travel in opposite
directions round a ring 27km in circumference, at
velocities close to the speed of light. When the
bunches of particles meet, some electrons and
positrons annihilate, creating, for a fraction of a
second, bursts of high energy which echo the
state of the early Universe, but are quite
harmless.
51
Types of Particle accelerators
• Hadron colliders
– Two beams of subatomic particles called
'hadrons' – either protons or lead ions – will
travel in opposite directions inside the
circular accelerator, gaining energy with
every lap. Physicists will use the LHC to
recreate the conditions just after the Big
Bang, by colliding the two beams head-on
at very high energy
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• Ion colliders (ALICE)
• Electron-proton
colliders
– What happens to matter
when it is heated to
100,000 times the
temperature at the
centre of the Sun ?
– Why do protons and
neutrons weigh 100
times more than the
quarks they are made
of ?
– Can the quarks inside
the protons and
neutrons be freed ?
53
Six Individuals important to the
field of atomic energy
1. Abert Einstein
2. Marie Sklodowski Curie
3. Ernest Rutherford
4. Neils Bohr
5. Enrico Fermi
6. Robert Oppenheimer
7. Glenn Seaborg
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Marie Curie (1867-1891)
Movie clip
1. She discovered the
mysterious element
radium.
2. It opened the door to
deep changes in the way
scientists think about
matter and energy.
3. She also led the way to a
new era for medical
knowledge and the
treatment of diseases.
55
Ernest Rutherford 1871-1937
• Known as the father of
nuclear physics.
• Mostly known for
discovering the correct
structure of atoms.
56
Albert Einstein (1879-1955)
57
Albert Einstein (1879-1955)
• 1905, produced the theory of relativity
(E=mc2)
• This resulted in the shocking conclusion that time
depends on the observer.
• When moving at high speeds
– Effective mass increases
– Time slows
– Length shrinks
• only the speed of light remains the same.
58
Albert Einstein (1879-1955)
• Experimenters have carried extremely
accurate atomic clocks on high-speed jets on
around-the-world journeys. And when they
compared these clocks to the extremely
accurate clocks they left at home, the
traveling clock had indeed gone slower and
lost time. But by very little.
59
Albert Einstein (1879-1955)
• received the 1921 Nobel Prize for work in
mathematical physics & stating the law of the
Photoelectric Effect
– Einstein proposed that under certain
circumstances light can be considered as
consisting of particles
– Also hypothesized that the energy carried by any
light particle, called a photon, is proportional to
the frequency of the radiation
60
Niels Bohr (1885-1962)
• Danish physicist who
made fundamental
contributions to
understanding atomic
structure and quantum
mechanics.
61
Enrico Fermi (1901-1954)
• An Italian physicist most
noted for his work on
the development of the
first nuclear reactor.
• He is regarded as one of
the leading scientists of
the 20h century,
62
Robert Oppenheimer (1904-1967)
• An American theoretical
physicist and professor of
physics at the University of
California, Berkeley.
• He is best known for his role
as the scientific director of
the Manhattan Project.
• The Manhattan Project is
the code name for the US
government's secret project
that was established before
World War II and
culminated in the
development of the nuclear
bomb
63
Glenn Seaborg (1912-1999)
64
Glenn Seaborg
• Co-discovered Plutonium and 9 other elements
• Element 106 - Seaborgium named after him
– Only living person to have element named after him
• Identified more than 100 isotopes
• Figured out how transuranium elements fit in the periodic
table
• Identified medical isotopes - saved his mother’s life with
discovery of Iodine-131
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66
Do TWO of the following; then discuss
with your counselor the different kinds
of radiation and how they can be used:
a. Build an electroscope. Show how it works.
Place a radiation source inside and explain
the effect it causes.
b. Make a cloud chamber. Show how it can be
used to see the tracks caused by radiation.
Explain what is happening.
67
Electroscope
• An electroscope is a device that is used to
demonstrate properties of static electricity.
• The electroscope demonstrates the repulsive
force that is exerted between two nearby
objects with the same electric charge.
68
Cloud Chamber
• The cloud chamber, also known as the Wilson chamber,
is used for detecting particles of ionizing radiation.
• In its most basic form, a cloud chamber is a sealed
environment containing a supersaturated vapor of water
or alcohol.
• When an alpha or beta particle interacts with the
mixture, it ionizes it.
• The resulting ions act as condensation nuclei, around
which a mist will form (because the mixture is on the
point of condensation). The high energies of alpha and
beta particles mean that a trail is left, due to many ions
being produced along the path of the charged particle.
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70
Part 5 Do ONE of the following; then
discuss with your counselor the principles
of radiation safety:
b. Describe how radon is detected in homes.
Discuss the steps taken for the long-term and
short-term test methods, tell how to interpret
the results, and explain when each type of test
should be used. Explain the health concern
related to radon gas and tell what steps can be
taken to reduce radon in buildings.
71
Radon
A Science Issue
72
What is Radon?
• Radon is an indoor air pollutant.
• Radon is a colorless, odorless radioactive
gas that comes from naturally occurring
uranium in the soil.
• The only way to tell how much radon a
home has is to TEST.
73
Surgeon General’s Warning
• “Indoor radon is the second-leading cause of
lung cancer in the United States and
breathing it over prolonged periods can
present a significant health risk to families all
over the country.”
74
Test!
• The only way to know the radon level in a
building is to test.
• Basement, crawl space, slab on grade or
foundation combinations can have a radon
problem.
75
Sources of Radiation Exposure to US public 2009
Other - 1%
• Average Exposure 620
mrem
Medical X-Rays - 12%
• Assumes average indoor
radon concentration of
1.3 pCi/L.
Radon - 37%
Internal - 5%
Nuclear Medicine – 12%
• Radon is by far the
greatest single source of
radiation exposure to
the general public.
CAT Scans - 24%
Consumer Products - 2%
Cosmic - 5%
Terrestrial - 3%
Source: National Council on Radiation Protection (NCRP Report
76
160)
Current Name
• Radon has been known by its current name
since 1923.
• It was named after the element radium.
The suffix “on” was used as with all other
inert gases.
77
Radon Action Level
• The USEPA set an action level for indoor radon concentration
of 4.0 picocuries of radon per liter of air (pCi/L).
• USEPA selected 4.0 pCi/L because of the technological and
economical bases.
• Risk at 4.0 pCi/L about seven (7) people out of a thousand
could get lung cancer.*
*A Citizen’s Guide to Radon (2005).
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Fate of Indoor Radon
Airborne
Breathable
 Measurable

Radon-222
Radon Decay
Products
Plated Out
Non-Breathable
 Non-Measurable

79
Radon Decay Product Characteristics
• Source of cell damage in lungs through release of alpha and
beta particles (radiation)
• Short-lived decay products most significant
• Have static charges
• Chemically reactive
• Solid particles
• Heavy Metals
80
Radon Exposure
• Radon and Radon Decay Products
(RDPs) are breathed in and the Radon
is exhaled.
• Because they are solid particles, RDPs
remain in lung tissue and are trapped
in the bronchial epithelium and emit
alpha particles which strike individual
lung cells and may cause physical
and/or chemical damage to DNA.
81
How did radon originate in Ohio?
• Glaciers from Canada deposited uranium in
the soil.
• Radon results from the uranium deposits.
82
What do the colors mean?
Zone 1 counties have a
predicted average indoor
radon screening level
greater than 4 pCi/L
(picocuries per liter) (red
zones) Highest Potential
Zone 2 counties have a
predicted average indoor
radon screening level
between 2 and 4 pCi/L
(orange zones) Moderate
Potential
Zone 3 counties have a
predicted average indoor
radon screening level less
than 2 pCi/L (yellow zones)
Low Potential
83
Radon can enter a house through
many paths.
84
Pressure Differentials and Radon Entry

Air pressure
differentials between
the building and
outside air causes
radon from the soil
to be drawn into the
house resulting in
elevated indoor
radon levels.
85
Common Entry Points
• Foundation Wall Joint
• Crawlspace
• Sump Pits
• Cracks in Floors
• Utility Penetrations
86
Who can test?
• The occupant of a dwelling may test their own
home. Test kits are available from hardware and
department stores or directly from laboratories
listed on the Ohio Department of Health Radon
• website http://www.radon.com/sub/oh/
87
Test the Footprint
•
Footprint means each foundation type in direct contact with
soil or other material.
•
Short-term or long-term measurements shall be made in
each lowest structural area suitable for occupancy. For
example, a split-level building with a basement, a slab-ongrade room and a room over crawlspace shall have
measurements made in each of the foundation types: the
basement, a slab-on-grade room and a room over the
crawlspace.
88
Detector Placement is Crucial
•
Place in an area where the detector will not be disturbed.
•
At least 3 feet from doors or windows to the outside.
•
Out of the direct flow of air from a ventilation duct.
•
At least 1 foot from exterior walls.
•
20 inches to 6 feet from the floor.
•
At least 4 inches away from other objects horizontally or vertically
above the detector.
•
At least 4 feet from heat, fireplaces and furnaces, out of direct
sunlight, etc.
89
Rooms to Test
• Measurements shall be made in rooms that
can be regularly occupied by individuals,
such as family rooms, living rooms, dens,
playrooms and bedrooms.
90
If Tests Are Above 4.0 pCi/L
• Ohio provides a list of Professional Radon
Mitigators trained to reduce radon levels.
• Professional Radon Mitigators and
Technicians must meet specific requirements
to obtain a license with Ohio.
91
Interpreting Radon Test Results
• The average indoor radon level is estimated to
be about 1.3 pCi/L; roughly 0.4 pCi/L of radon
is normally found in the outside air.
• A radon level below 4 pCi/L still poses a risk.
Consider fixing when the radon level is
between 2 and 4 pCi/L.
92
93
•
Mitigation Systems Reduce Radon
Collecting radon prior to by:
its entry into the building
and discharging it above
the highest eave.
• Modifying building
pressure differentials.
94
Active Soil Depressurization
•
Active Soil Depressurization uses a
fan to draw radon from beneath the
house.
•
All radon mitigation systems shall be
designed to reduce a radon
concentration in each area within
the footprint of the building as low
as reasonably achievable (ALARA).
•
Crawl spaces must be included in a
radon reduction plan.
95
Method
for radon
mitigation
96
Part 6
Part 6, 7, and 8 will be done
in the Computer lab.
97
Part 6 Do the following; then discuss with
your counselor how nuclear energy is used
to produce electricity:
c. Find out how many nuclear power plants exist
in the United States. Locate the one nearest
your home. Find out what percentage of
electricity in the United States is generated by
nuclear power plants, by coal, and by gas.
98
Part 7
99
• Give an example of each of the following in
relation to how energy from an atom can be
used:
– nuclear medicine
– environmental applications
– industrial applications
– space exploration, and radiation therapy.
• For each example, explain the application and its
significance to nuclear science.
100
Part 8
101
Part 8
• Find out about three career opportunities in
nuclear science that interest you.
– Pick one and find out the education, training, and
experience required for this profession and
discuss this with your counselor.
– Tell why this profession interests you.
102