Report on Nuclear Physics Activities
in Canada
Jens Dilling
Canadian Institute of Nuclear Physics
Nuclear Physics European Collaboration Committee (NuPECC), October, 2014.
CINP’s Mission





2
preparing the research plans of the Canadian Nuclear Physics research
community for presentation to bodies such as the NSERC Subatomic
Physics Long Range Planning Committee and Subatomic Physics
Evaluation Section.
representing the interests of the Canadian Nuclear Physics community to
relevant bodies, in Canada and abroad.
providing a forum for the advancement of the interests of students and
alumni of higher education programs in Nuclear Physics in Canada.
organizing workshops or other initiatives of interest to the Canadian
Nuclear Physics community.
facilitating Canadian participation in new Nuclear Physics initiatives in
Canada and abroad.
CINP Governance Structure
Board of Directors
Institutional
Members
McGill University
Mount Allison University
Saint Mary’s University
TRIUMF
University of Guelph
University of Manitoba
University of Regina
University of Winnipeg
Jens Dilling
President
Pay
Annual
Dues
and
Elect
Board
Jean Barrette
Paul Garrett
Gerald Gwinner
Rituparna Kanungo
Jeff Martin
Executive Director
Garth Huber
3
CINP Scientific Working Groups
(SWGs)
SWGs are intended to facilitate collaboration among researchers with common
interests, and to enhance the profile of a specific research area within Canada.
• Individual Members are eligible to apply for membership in one or more SWGs.
• SWG activities include:
• holding topical workshops or other initiatives.
• input to CINP external scientific briefs.
• encouraging new collaborative efforts.
SWG
Chair
Institution
Nuclear Structure
Adam Garnsworthy
TRIUMF
Nuclear Astrophysics
Iris Dillmann
TRIUMF
Fundamental Symmetries
Gerald Gwinner
University of Manitoba
Hadron Structure/QCD
Charles Gale
McGill University
Nuclear Physics Education and
Training
Juliette Mammei
University of Manitoba
The intent is for the scientific activities of the CINP to be
ambitious and broad-based.
4
Canadian Subatomic Physics
Long Range Plan
 In Canada, Nuclear Physics, High Energy
Physics, Particle Astrophysics, and
Underground Particle Physics are funded from
a common “Subatomic Physics Envelope”.
 Under NSERC’s aegis, the Canadian
Subatomic Physics community establishes its
scientific priorities through five-year Long
Range Plans.
 The CINP co-ordinates the Nuclear Physics
community input to this plan.
 A blue-ribbon committee reviews the
community’s input and formulates the Long
Range Plan. The CINP Executive Director is
a non-voting observer.
 The most recent Long Range Plan covers the
period 2011-2016.
 Planning for 2016-2021 LRP to begin in
2015.
6
Canadian Subatomic Physics LRP
2011-16: Budgetary Context and Priorities
 Current NSERC Subatomic Physics Envelope: C$22.7M
 Low and Intermediate Energy Nuclear Physics experiment operating funds about
C$4.5M/year.
 Complementary to funding of Canada’s national laboratories.
 Complemented by Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) beyond R&D, for the
final purchase of major capital equipment.
 LPR recommendations regarding NSERC Envelope:
 Ensure R&D activity directed at the next generation of discovery projects through
effective funding of equipment (e.g. CFI).
 Ensure continuous research support of flagship projects in which Canada is actively
particpating.
 Envelope funding has been fixed at C$22.7M for many years (no inflationary
increases). Fortunately, CFI funds have been available to offset equipment
purchases funded in earlier years by Envelope.
 Recommend to increase Envelope funding by C$3.5M/year.
7
Canadian Subatomic Physics LRP
Context
 TRIUMF is Canada’s nuclear
laboratory for Nuclear and
Particle Physics research and
related sciences.
 TRIUMF establishes five year
plans for its scientific priorities
and operations.
 TRIUMF is an active
contributor to Canadian
Subatomic Physics LRP
 TRIUMF has received (one year
early) $M222 and is asking for
an addition for the CAPTURE
initiative $M68 for 2015-20.
8
Highlights of Canadian
Contributions in Nuclear Physics
 TRIUMF ISAC-I & II accelerator operational along with major new
spectrometers and auxiliary devices.

TRIUMF-ISAC Gamma-Ray Escape-Suppressed Spectrometer (TIGRESS)

TRIUMF’s Ion Trap for Atomic and Nuclear science (TITAN).
 TRIUMF Weak Interaction Symmetry Test (TWIST) collaboration
recently completed the most precise measurement of the muon decay
distribution.
 Ultra Cold Neutron (UCN) facility, as a joint effort with Japan,
preparing for installation in TRIUMF Meson Hall, with first
measurements planned for 2017.
 Key measurements of nuclear reactions important in cataclysmic
binary systems by TRIUMF’s Detector of Recoils and Gammas Of
Nuclear reactions (DRAGON).
 Qweak experiment at Jefferson Lab has released its initial scientific
results following successful data taking with Canadian-funded
solenoidal spectrometer.
 Active participation in Jefferson Lab 12 GeV Upgrade, including
hardware contributions to Halls A, C, D.
9
Hadrons/QCD
– Big Questions
• How do the nucleon’s properties (mass, spin, charge radius,
etc.) arise from its quark and gluon constituents?
• Transition from pQCD to Strong QCD needs data with high precision
for a quantitative understanding of confinement.
• What is the phase diagram of QCD?
• Nuclear collisions are the only way to probe QCD at high
temperature/density in the laboratory.
Examples of key Canadian initiatives from 2011-16 LRP:
 Search for exotic hybrid mesons (qqg states) with unique quantum
numbers (JLab - Hall D/GlueX).
 Determine the structure of the pion at small distance scales to better
understand the transition of QCD from short- to long-distance scales
(JLab – Hall C/Pion Form Factor Expt).
10
Nuclear Structure
- Big Questions
• Where are the limits of nuclear existence and can these
limits be understood and/or predicted from first
principles?
• How do the properties of nuclei evolve as a function of the
neutron-proton asymmetry and also as a function of proton
and neutron number?
• What are the mechanisms responsible for the organization
of individual nucleons into the collective motions that are
observed?
Examples of key Canadian initiatives from 2011-16 LRP:
 Precision nuclear mass measurements (ISAC - TITAN).
 Studies of nuclear spectroscopy (ISAC - TIGRESS, GRIFFIN, EMMA
spectrometers + auxiliary devices).
 Laser spectroscopy studies.
11
Nuclear Astrophysics
– Big Questions
•
•
•
How, when, and where were the chemical elements
produced?
What role do nuclei play in the liberation of energy in
stars and stellar explosions?
How are nuclear properties related to astronomical
observables such as solar neutrino flux, rays emitted by
astrophysical sources, light emitted by novae and X-ray
bursts, etc.?
Examples of key Canadian initiatives from 2011-16 LRP:
 Measurements of key nuclear reaction rates and to understand the
nature of relevant nuclear resonances
(ISAC - DRAGON, TUDA, TACTIC).
 Study origin of heavy elements via spontaneous fission of 252Cf
(Argonne - CARIBU facility).
12
Beyond the Standard Model
– Big Questions
•
•
•
•
•
13
Studies of fundamental symmetries via very precise low
and intermediate-energy experiments have been part of
nuclear physics since its inception.
Complementary to direct probes by high energy physics
since precision lower-energy experiments indirectly probe
mass scales and parameter spaces not otherwise accessible.
Is there additional CP & T violation beyond that identified in Kaons
and B-mesons?
What is the structure of the Weak Interaction?
Can we find violation of CPT and Lorentz invariance?
Beyond the Standard Model
- Answering the Big Questions
Examples of key Canadian initiatives from 2011-16 LRP:
 Probe electroweak coupling and its dependence on distance scale in
ISAC - Francium Parity Non-Conservation experiment.
 Probe CP/T-violation in ISAC - Radon Electric Dipole Moment
experiment (new GRIFFIN γ array is commissioned).
 CKM unitarity tests in nuclear β–decay (ISAC - TITAN, GRIFFIN).
 Constrain weak scalar interactions via β-ν correlations from spinpolarized trapped atoms (ISAC - TRINAT).
 Measure the electron weak charge and the running of sin2θw at
intermediate energy in the MOLLER Experiment (JLab - Hall A).
 Search for CPT Violation in trapped Antihydrogen (CERN - ALPHA).
14
Canada’s accelerator complex:
TRIUMF
40 MV SRF
Heavy Ion Linac
ISAC-II
>10 AMeV
ISAC
Highest Power ISOL RIB
facility
- Nuclear Structure
- Nuclear Astrophysics
- Fund. Symmetries
- CMMS (bNMR)
Advanced Rare
Isotope Laboratory
(ARIEL)
e-LINAC
300-500 kW
photo-fission
driver
(2015-2017)
ISAC-I
60 keV,
1.7 AMeV
Nordion
commercial medical
isotope production
3 cyclotrons
CMMS
Centre for Molecular and
Material Science (mSR)
Cyclotron
500 MeV
350 mA
15
Particle Physics
Pienu (- 2012)
Ultra Cold Neutrons (2015 -)
Canada’s rare isotope facility today: ISAC
ISAC II:
 6 AMeV for A<150
 16AMeV for A<30
Programs in
•
Nuclear Structure & Dynamics
•
Nuclear Astrophysics
•
Electroweak Interaction Studies
•
Material Science
ISAC I:
60 keV & 1.7 AMeV
ISOL facility with highest primary
beam intensity (100 mA, 500 MeV, p)
16
0
4
/
0
5
/
2
0
1
3
The Future: ARIEL
 expand RIB program with:
• 3 simultaneous beams
• increased number of
hours delivered per year
• new beam species
• enable long beam times
(nucl. astro, fund. symm.)
• increased beam
development capabilities
 New electron linac driver
for photo-fission
 New proton beamline
 New target stations and
front end
Krücken - Saint Mary's Colloquium
17
 Finished Phase I
 Applied for Phase II
17
(~2016-19)
ARIEL Phase I
Civil construction and eLINAC
RIB front end
Cyclotron
vault
Target Hall
Electron
Hall
October 1st:
22.9 MeV @ EABD
18
18
ARIEL: MW-class e-linac
up to 1014 fissions/s
Photo-fission products using 50
MeV 10 mA electrons on to Hg
convertor & UCx target.
TIMELINE:
• 2014 first beam, target R&D
• 2017 new front end
• 2017 physics production 8Li
• 2018 photo fission
• 2020 proton beam (3 beams)
19
100 kW, 25 MeV
electrons by 2014
500 kW, 50 MeV
electrons by 2017
UCN/EDM @ TRIUMF
gas
system
2015/16:
• kicker
• target
• moderators
• He-II cryostat
• UCN guides
• UCN polarizer
• finish shielding
EDM cell
HV feed
in the lab
EDM
downstream beamline section
HV/EDM cell test stand:
•
HV feedthrough problems
solved
•
commissioned at 96 kV
2015 Shutdown
Installed 2014
20
•
•
•
decommissioning of existing beamline M13
installation of BL1U downstream end
preparation for Kicker installation upstream
2013/14 Research Highlights
- Proton Weak Charge (Qweak) @ JLab
 Very significant contributions by
Manitoba/Winnipeg/UNBC/
TRIUMF groups.
 Co-spokesperson S.Page and other
key collaboration leadership
positions.
 $3M total funding from NSERC,
and many detector components
including magnetic toroid coils.
 First results in Phys. Rev. Letters
consistent with Standard Model
prediction.
 Final result will use 25x more data,
yielding uncertainties small enough
to seriously constrain possible
physics beyond Standard Model.
21
Collinear Fast Beam Spectroscopy @ ISAC
 Laser spectroscopy capable of performing laser
spectroscopy on heavy elements with sufficient
resolution to extract nuclear spins, changes in
charge radii and ground state moments.
 Voss, et al., PRL 111, 122501 (2013)
 First use of High-Frequency Intensity Modulation of Narrow-Line-width Laser Light and its
Application in Determination of 206,205,204Fr Ground-State Properties.
 Positively identified two low lying isomers in each of 204Fr and 206Fr.
 Voss, et al., J. Phys G 41, 015104 (2014)
 New, high resolution variant on beta detected NMR that has allowed the ratio of the 9Li/11Li
nuclear quadrupole moments to be determined to high precision.
22
Isospin-symmetry breaking
in A = 20,21 multiplets (TITAN)
20Mg:
M(A,T,Tz) = a(A,T) + b(A,T) Tz + c(A,T) Tz2
45s deviation from
AME12 & 15x improved
precision
20Mg+
• G.S. binding energy
21Mg:
• non-zero d coefficients in all three
multiplets
Compared to USDA/B &
cEFT NN+3N predictions
• dexp cannot be explained by
USDA/B models
14s deviation & 22x
improved precision
• uncertainties in cEFT calculations
too large to be definitive
23
TITAN
Decay spectroscopy of highly charged ions
Charge breeding lengthens storage times without ions losses
 longer observation times
 large sample: up to 1•108 ions
Other advantages: magnetic field eliminates b background &
backing-free samples
 essentially 511keV-free
Moderate charge states do not affect lifetimes or EC branching
ratios  towards 2ν2β NME tests
0-2 s
24
124Cs+
6-8 s
12-14 s
18-20 s
injection
Nuclear Theory Highlights
N. Dicaire, C. Omand, P.Navratil
Softening of realistic nucleon-nucleon interactions by similarity
renormalization group transformations to improve convergence of ab
initio calculations. New generators proposed (GsA , GsB) and tested.
These generators induce weaker three- and four-body forces compared
to the standard (Trel)) generator.
Three-term co-op student project.
PRC 90, 034302 (2014)
O. J. Hernandez, Chen Ji, S.
Bacca et al.
54
6
5
-
3
+
Energy (MeV)
4
+
2
(3 )
+
4+
2+
3
+
+
4
3
2
+
+
4
+
+
2
2+
3
2
+
(2 )
+
Prediction of N=34
magic number from
MBPT valence-space
Hamiltonians
+
2
3+
0+
2
+
0
1
+
δnucl=-1.24± 1% meV
+
0
0
NN+3N
pfg9/2
25
2+
1+
2+
3+
4+
0
4+
3
Ab initio calculation of
nuclear polarization
corrections to the μD Lamb
shift , most accurate
evaluation so far:
error obtained by averaging
on several potential and
studying several orders in
chiral EFT
+
Ca
0
Expt.
0
GXPF1A
+
+
0
KB3G
J. Holt et al., PRC 90, 024312 (2014)
Phenomenology:
inconsistent predictions
NN+3N: reproduces
signature of new N=34
magic number
PLB 736, 334 (2014)
Agreement with new
measurements from
RIKEN
New Research Capabilities
- IRIS begins operation @ ISAC
26
New Research Capabilities
- Canadian Detectors @ JLab 12 GeV
 Hall D Barrel Calorimeter.
 $2.3M detector funded by USDOE
and NSERC.
 Designed and constructed in Regina,
5 months ahead of schedule.
 BCAL installed in bore of
superconducting solenoid in
September and cabling completed in
December.
 Commissioning to begin in February.
 Hall C Heavy Gas Cherenkov.
 Funded by NSERC.
 Designed and constructed by Regina
group.
 Detector assembly at JLab in
August.
27
New Research Capabilities
- CANREB@ISAC funded by CFI-NIF
 Layout fixed
 Reqs specs released
 HRS simulation
being finalized,
magnets design
started
 RFQ cooler
simulations in
progress
 EBIS being designed
and built at MPI
Heidelberg
 Nier spectrometer
simulations
completed
28
TITAN RFQ cooler
New Research Capabilities
- Anti-Hydrogen Trap ALPHA @ CERN
 Very significant Canadian
contributions supported by
NSERC, TRIUMF and the
universities.
 Recently completed
construction and
commissioning of
ALPHA-2 trap, a major
upgrade to the original
ALPHA trap.
29
ALPHA: results
Is antihydrogen neutral?
Nature Comm. 5, 3955 (2014)
MC sensitivity
Biasing E field
Key: position sensitive detection
30
Result (M. Baquero, Ph.D. UC Berkeley):
Q=(−1.3±1.1±0.4) × 10−8
New limit on e+ charge
ALPHA’s first precision result!
Canadian Subatomic Physics LRP
2011-16: Priorities in Nuclear Physics
 Continue and expand full exploitation of
TRIUMF’s ISAC-I and ISAC-II facilities,
with unique suite of measurement tools,
including new spectrometers and devices.
 Support key experimental initiatives
offshore where Canadians lead. Examples:
 Jefferson Lab Halls D,C,A following
12 GeV Upgrade.
 Canadian Penning Trap at Argonne.
 ALPHA at CERN.
 Maintain a vibrant and diverse theoretical
community pursuing the most actively
pursued questions in nuclear physics.
31
Canadian Subatomic Physics LRP
2017-21: Upcoming Nuclear Physics Projects
 Implementation of ARIEL project at
TRIUMF, including second ISAC proton
beam line and new actinide target stations,
has tremendous potential for scientific
discovery and advancement of the field.
 Movement of the Ultra-Cold Neutron
(UCN) source from RCNP to TRIUMF
would make it the world’s most intense
source of cold neutrons and allow the
current limit on the neutron EDM to be
improved by a factor of ~3.
32
Closing Comment
• Canadian Nuclear Physics research spans a
wide range of fundamental scientific
questions about the properties of hadrons
and nuclei.
33
•
The focused experimental and theoretical initiatives at
home and abroad of teams of Canadian researchers
have made internationally recognized contributions to
important questions that span the range of the field.
•
This work capitalizes on the skills and strengths that
have been developed over many years.
•
Canadian Nuclear Physics is a strong partner in the
international science landscape.