Nuclear and Hadron Physics
(The theory activities within INFN)
Maria Colonna
Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (Catania)
Total FTE: 75 (Individuals ~100)
INFN Postdoc : 8
PhD Students: 11
• Heavy Ion Collisions
• QGP phenomenology
• Neutron stars
• Hadron Structure
• Hadronic matter
• Parton correlations
Nuclear Matter
EoS and Phases
QCD
Hadron Physics
38%
23%
Nuclear Structure
and Dynamics
39%
• Few-body systems
• Electro-weak probes
• Shell model
• Algebraic models
• Mean-field and beyond
• Reactions with exotic nuclei
Nuclear matter EoS
Heavy Ion Collisions
QGP phenomenology
Neutron stars
Few-body systems
Shell model
Mean-field and beyond
Reactions with exotic nuclei
Hadron Structure
Hypernuclei
 Collaborations with many Universities and Research Institutes spread around
the world (France, Germany, Russia, Spain, … China, Japan, US…)
 Strong link with experimental activities (proposals, joint papers, PAC participation)
in Italy, Europe, US, Japan…
 Organization of Workshops , Schools and Training of young scientists
(ECT*, GGI)
Hadron Physics
Starting point: QCD
The strong interaction sector of SM of elementary particles
Open key questions:
• Confinement ?
• Structure of hadrons ?
• What is the role of quarks and
self-interacting gluons in nuclei ?
Source: D.Lacroix
Transversity parton distribution
News on the Proton spin
Semi-inclusive DIS
e p  e’ π X
Anselmino et al.,
NPB 191,98(2009)
Bacchetta et al.
PRL 107, 012001 (2011)
momentum fraction
e + p  e’ (π+ + π-) X
Pavia and Torino groups
• from HERMES
• from COMPASS
Q2 ~1-4 GeV2
From quarks to nucleons and nuclei
- New trends in Nuclear Forces:
Effective Field Theory: derive the nuclear force from QCD or QCD-inspired Lagrangians
Few-body systems: Trento, Padova, Pisa
Ab-initio calculations to study bound
or scattering states
Hyperspherical harmonics
Lorentz Integral Transform
(LIT)
Trento group
• Important final state
interactions
• Large effect of
three-body force !
Shell model calculations: Napoli
Use of modern Vlow-k
Studies of exotic nuclei,
high spin
chiral potential
22C
is the last
bound isotope
Coraggio et al,
Phys.Rev. C81,
064303 (2010)
Effective interactions and nuclear EoS
ˆ
E   H

ˆ
  H
 E  ˆ
eff 

Slater determinant
Mean-field (MF), Effective interactions
Source: F.Gulminelli
 Self-consistent MF calculations (and
extensions) are a powerful framework
to understand the structure of mediumNuclear levels
heavy nuclei.
Nuclear collective motion
(linear response)
 Extrapolation to infinite nuclear matter: Equation of State (EoS)
Microscopic methods are used to construct effective interactions and nuclear EoS:
BHF, CBF, FHNC , AFDMC (Catania, Lecce, LNS, Roma, Trento)
 The concept or EoS is widely employed in the astrophysical context
(modelization of neutron stars and supernova explosion)
Properties of the crust, mass vs. radius, …
Properties of single particle and collective states in (exotic) nuclei
Milano group
Particle-core
coupling in 49Ca
 Probing the nature of particle-core coupling
(PVC model) in odd nuclei with gamma spectroscopy
and heavy-ion transfer reactions
Experiment performed at LNL
D.Montanari et al,
Phys.Lett. B697 (2011) 288
Isovector dipole response
 New exotic collective modes : a way to test
the density dependence of the symmetry energy
E/A (ρ) = Es(ρ) + Esym(ρ) β²
GDR
β=(N-Z)/A
- Pygmy Dipole Resonance (PDR):
The strength is connected to the size of the neutron-skin
Low density behavior of Esym
 PREX experiment (Neutron radius) at Jlab
PDR
Roca-Maza et al,
PRC85,024601(2012)
Neutron center Proton center
of mass
of mass
Reaction dynamics: from nuclei to new phases of nuclear matter
 Matching of structure and reaction theories
Role of Coulomb and
nuclear potential in the
excitation of PDR and GDR
E (MeV)
 Matching EoS and transport theories
Phenomenology of Heavy Ion Collisions
at Intermediate Energies : a way to explore the
Nuclear Matter phase diagram
E.G.Lanza et al,
PRC 84, 064602 (2011)
Catania - Padova collaboration
 Reactions with very exotic nuclei, like transfer
and break-up
 Two-particle transfer reactions as a probe of
nuclear pairing
TDHF (and extensions)
Semi-classical approximation:
time evolution of the
LNS group
one-body distribution function in phase space
f(r,p,t):

f  f, H  I coll
t
using effective interactions
Advanced quantum models by Pisa
and Padova groups
DREB2012
E.De Filippo et al
(Chimera coll), submitted
Z
Fragmentation events (35 MeV/A)
Fragment N/Z:
Experiment-Theory comparison
Ultra-relativistic HIC and QGP Phenomenology
Initial Conditions
Quark-Gluon Plasma
Hadronization
BULK
(pT~T)
CGC (x<<1)
Gluon saturation
MINIJETS
(pT>>T,LQCD)
Microscopic
Mechanism
Matters!
Heavy Quarks
(mq>>T,LQCD)
 Hadron abundance:
Statistical models works
for all iniitial conditions:
e+e-, pp, AA collisions
Firenze:
 Hydrodynamical models
 Hadronization and statistical models
Becattini, Castorina et al,
Eur. Phys. J. C (2010) 66: 377–386
LNS: Partonic transport theories: a way to link QCD effective Lagrangians
and lQCD predictions to exp. observables
An example: Elliptic flow and QGP viscosity
Torino:
 Strangeness suppression
 New exotic non-equilibrium phases
(Color Glass Condensate)
y z
x
 A large variety of approaches and methods, but in several cases
a common goal can be identified
-ex. Exotic systems and symmetry energy
 Contiguity between nuclear and hadron physics
-ex. New nuclear forces, transitions to new phases of matter
in HIC and in neutron stars (hyperons, deconfined phase)
 Strong collaboration between experimentalists and theorists
only in some sectors, however synergies are increasing and
encouraged by INFN theoretical and experimental Committees
Other funding
 MIUR-PRIN 2011-2013
1) Quark-Gluon-Plasma and
high energy collisions
Universities involved:
Firenze (F.Becattini), Catania,
Torino, Torino Politec.
2) Stucture and dynamics of nuclei
beyond the valley of stability
Universities involved:
Padova (A.Vitturi), Catania, Napoli,
Pavia, Trento
 MIUR-FIRB 2010-2014
QCD phases, field-theory models and transport theories: a systematic approach
to the phenomenology of heavy ion collisions at LHC
Catania Univ. (V.Greco) --- Torino Univ. (C.Ratti)
• ERC --- Starting Grant 2011-2016
Dynamics of the Quark Gluon Plasma
Catania Univ. (V.Greco)
 E.U.FP7 – I3HP2
Hadron Physics 2-3 (2008-2012)
Study of Strongly Interacting Matter
European Network + JRA
(several INFN sites)
New computing centers
 -2010 A single central cluster (Project CSN4cluster) in Pisa
-128 nodes for serial and parallel jobs
-Accessible via GRID
 -2011 “Memory driven” facility with high RAM/CORE ratio
-Exploited by nuclear theorists
6-core, 32 GB RAM, 2 TB HD
-Local access
Incontro Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
12-14 Novembre 2012, INFN-LNS Catania
Comitato Promotore:
C.Agodi (LNS)
M.Colonna (LNS)
A.Gargano (NA)
P.Gianotti (LNF)
A.Guglielmetti (LNGS)
A.Kievsky (PI)
Comitato Locale:
S.Lenzi (PD)
D.Napoli (LNL)
M.Radici (PV)
P.Rossi (LNF)
E.Scapparone(BO)
E.Vigezzi (MI)
G.F.Burgio (CT)
M. La Cognata (LNS)
E.Lanza (CT)
A.Musumarra (LNS)
S.Pirrone (CT)
G.Verde (CT)