RCNP
SUNFLOWER
Spectroscopy of Unstable Nuclei
with Fast and sLOW beam Experiments
at RIBF
― In-beam Gamma-ray Spectroscopy with Fast
Exotic Beams at RIBF
AOI Nori (RCNP, Osaka Univ.)
for SUNFLOWER collab
SUNFLOWER experiments
RCNP
DayOne / 48Ca
32Ne
H. Scheit, P. Doornenbal PRL103(2009)032501, CPL29(2012)102301
31,33Na
H. Scheit, P. Doornenbal PRC81(2010)041305
48
2010
Ca
~42Si
S. Takeuchi, M. Matsushita PRL 109(2012)182501
36,38Mg P. Doornenbal, H. Scheit
PRL 111(2013)212502
29F
P. Doornenbal
~Al, P
D. Steppenbeck
33Mg
D. Bazin
40Mg test P. Fallon, H.L.Crawford
PRC89(2014)041303
31Ne, 22C T. Nakamura
PRL103(2009)262501, PRL112(2014) 142501
N. Kobayashi
PRC86(2012)054604
238U
2011
78Ni
K. Yoneda
~132Sn
H. Wang, NA
PRC88(2013)054318
2008
PTEP2014:023D02 , CPL30(2013) 042501
2012
124Xe
/ 70Zn
A. Obertelli, P. Doornenbal
D. Steppenbeck, S. Takeuchi
10xSn
54Ca
2013
238U
74Ni
2014
136Sn
G. de Angelis
238U
H. Wang, NA
SEASTAR P. Doornenbal, A. Obertelli
Nature 502(2013)207
Region of Interest
RCNP
1pμA
Z=50
N=126
N=28
N=50
N=82
86Kr/136Xe/238U
Z=28
Z=20
Collectivity:
B(E2), Ex(2+)
Type of Coll.: Ex(2+) / Ex(4+)
Single Part.: Ex, Jπ
Region of Interest
RCNP
1pμA
N=82
86Kr/136Xe/238U
N=28
~132Sn
Z=50
N=34
Magic#
Z=28
Z=20
Island of
Inversion
N=126
N=50
~100Sn
Collectivity:
B(E2), Ex(2+)
Type of Coll.: Ex(2+) / Ex(4+)
Single Part.: Ex, Jπ
Region of Interest
RCNP
1pμA
N=82
86Kr/136Xe/238U
N=50
10xSn
PS2-A029
35Mg
S. Momiyama
N=28
A. Corsi
Z=50
Z=28
Z=20
PS1-A004
30Ne
H. Liu
54Ca
D. Steppenbeck
PS1-A021
~78Ni
Y. Shiga
N=126
PS1-A024
122-126Pd
H. Wang
Collectivity:
B(E2), Ex(2+)
MINOS
Type
of Coll.: Ex(2+) / Ex(4+)
A. Obertelli
Single Part.: Ex, Jπ
γ-ray spectroscopy setup @ BigRIPS/ZeroDegree
RCNP
SRC
IRC
Production
Target
F2
F5
F3
F7
F1
F11
F7
F8
F12
1st stage
separation
2nd stage
analysis
Target
ZeroDegree
analysis of 2ndary
reaction products
γ-ray spectroscopy setup @ BigRIPS/ZeroDegree
RCNP
DALI2
SRC
IRC
Production
Target
F2
F5
F3
F7
F1
F11
F7
F8
F12
1st stage
separation
2nd stage
analysis
Target
ZeroDegree
analysis of 2ndary
reaction products
γ-ray spectroscopy setup @ BigRIPS/ZeroDegree
RCNP
Ejectile PID@ZeroDegree
DALI2
Projectile PID@BigRIPS
SRC
IRC
Production
Target
F2
F5
F3
F7
F1
F11
F7
F8
F12
1st stage
separation
2nd stage
analysis
Target
ZeroDegree
analysis of 2ndary
reaction products
Region of Interest
RCNP
1pμA
N=82
86Kr/136Xe/238U
N=28
~132Sn
Z=50
N=34
Magic#
Z=28
Z=20
Island of
Inversion
N=126
N=50
~100Sn
Collectivity:
B(E2), Ex(2+)
Type of Coll.: Ex(2+) / Ex(4+)
Single Part.: Ex, Jπ
RCNP
Island of deformation
32Mg
30Ne
20
34Mg
28
8
Island of Inversion
32Mg:
T. Motobayashi et al., PLB 346, 9 (1995).
F: H. Sakurai et al., PLB 448, 180 (1999).
34Mg: K. Yoneda et al., PLB 449, 233 (2001).
30
Ne: Y. Yanagisawa et al., PLB 556, 84 (2003).
31
γ-ray spectra for 38Mg
60
38
Mg
80 Mg <4
60
40
656(6)
20
40
40
20
0
0
P. Doornenbal, et al.,
PRL 111, 212502 (2013).
1000
C(40Si,38Mg)
All Mg
60
1360(20)
Counts / 25 keV
RCNP
20
0
C(39Al,38Mg)
All Mg
1000
2000
2000
3000
Energy (keV)
13
10
Island of deformation
652(6)
662(6)
10
20
1370(20)
1395(15)
2
10
103
10
102
10
1000
36Mg
1000
2000
3000
2480(30)
3130(30)
1
10
40
0 C(37Al,1000
34
Mg), Mg 2000
<4
103
32Mg
Mg
38
80 Mg <4
Mg
60
20
40
34Mg
0
0
1000
20
P. Doornenbal,
et al.,
1000
2000
3000
102
2480(30)
PRL 111, 212502 (2013). 3130(30)
28
8
10
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
Energy (keV)
C(40Si,38Mg)
All Mg
60
40
20
20
40
3000
4000
Gate 652 keV
Energy
(keV)
Mg <4
1395(15)
36,38Mg:
All Mg
Gate 652 keV
Mg <4
60
38
1360(20)
10
40
C( Al, Mg), M
Mgg <3
<4
36
37Al,34Mg),
C(37
Counts / 25 keV
2
652(6)
Counts / 25 keV
Counts
Counts//25
25keV
keV
1
656(6)
RCNP
Island of Inversion
20
0
C(39Al,38Mg)
All Mg
1000
2000
2000
3000
Energy (keV)
13
10
Island of deformation
652(6)
662(6)
10
20
1370(20)
1395(15)
2
10
103
10
102
10
1000
36Mg
1000
2000
3000
2480(30)
3130(30)
1
10
40
0 C(37Al,1000
34
Mg), Mg 2000
<4
103
32Mg
Mg
38
80 Mg <4
Mg
60
20
40
20
40
34Mg
0
0
1000
3000
4000
Gate 652 keV
Energy
(keV)
Mg <4
20
P. Doornenbal,
et al.,
1000
2000
3000
102
2480(30)
PRL 111, 212502 (2013). 3130(30)
28
8
10
0
1000
42Si:
2000
3000
4000
Energy (keV)
Island of Inversion
S. Takeuchi et al.,
PRL 109, 182501 (2012)
Ex(4+)
 Large deformation in 42Si
C(40Si,38Mg)
All Mg
60
40
20
1395(15)
36,38Mg:
All Mg
Gate 652 keV
Mg <4
60
38
1360(20)
10
40
C( Al, Mg), M
Mgg <3
<4
36
37Al,34Mg),
C(37
Counts / 25 keV
2
652(6)
Counts / 25 keV
Counts
Counts//25
25keV
keV
1
656(6)
RCNP
20
0
C(39Al,38Mg)
All Mg
1000
2000
2000
3000
Energy (keV)
Ex(2+) and Ex(4+) in Mg/Si @ N=20~28
Ex(MeV)
RCNP
5
SDPF-M
SDPF-MU
SDPF-U-MIX
3DAMP+GCM
4
2+1 Si
4+1 Si
2+1 Mg
4+1 Mg
3
4+1
2
2+1
R4/2
1
3
2.5
R4/2 Si
R4/2 Mg
2
20
22
24
26
28
Neutron Number N
Ex(2+) and Ex(4+) in Mg/Si @ N=20~28
RCNP
Ex(MeV)
Ex(2+) 5
[MeV]
4
SDPF-M
SDPF-MU
SDPF-U-MIX
3DAMP+GCM
Mg
34Si
Si
2+1 Si
4+1 Si
2+1 Mg
4+1 Mg
3
4+1
2
32Mg
42Si
2+1
R4/2
R4/2
1
Sound magicity
in Si @ N=20
Magicity disappeared
in Mg @ N=20
Large collectivity
in Si/Mg @ N~28
Smooth transition
in Si
3
2.5
R4/2 Si
R4/2 Mg
2
20
22
24
26
28
Neutron Number N
Almost identical in
34Mg, 36Mg, 38Mg
Island of deformation
RCNP
29F
: 28O+p
p
p
28O
28O
32Mg
20
28
8
29F
32Mg:
T. Motobayashi et al., PLB 346, 9 (1995).
31
F: H. Sakurai et al., PLB 448, 180 (1999).
34Mg: K. Yoneda et al., PLB 449, 233 (2001).
30
Ne: Y. Yanagisawa et al., PLB 556, 84 (2003).
Island of Inversion
32Ne:
P. Doornenbal et al., PRL 103, 032501 (2009).
42Si: S. Takeuchi et al., PRL 109, 182501 (2012).
36,38Mg: P. Doornenbal, et al., PRL 111, 212502 (2013).
RCNP
29F
: Belongs to Island of inversion
Inclusion of pf-shell necessary
2p-2h configuration seen in IOI
29F
belongs to Island of inversion
 agreement with
BE calculations using SDPF-M
USDA/B: B.A.Brown and W.A.Richter, PRC74(2006)034315
SDPF-M: Y.Utsuno et al., PRC60(1999)054315
13
10
Island of deformation
36Mg
652(6)
662(6)
10
20
1370(20)
1395(15)
2
10
103
10
102
10
1000
1000
2000
3000
-2003
2480(30)
3130(30)
1
10
40
0 C(37Al,1000
34
Mg), Mg 2000
<4
103
32Mg
Mg
80 Mg <4
38
Mg
60
20
40
34Mg
0
0
1000
3000
4000
Gate 652 keV
Energy
(keV)
Mg <4
1000
2000
3000
28
2480(30)
3130(30)
8
10
0
32Mg:
1000
C(40Si,38Mg)
All Mg
60
40
20
20
40
20
0
C(39Al,38Mg)
All Mg
1000
2000
2000
3000
Energy (keV)
20
1395(15)
102
All Mg
Gate 652 keV
Mg <4
60
38
1360(20)
10
40
C( Al, Mg), M
Mgg <3
<4
36
37Al,34Mg),
C(37
Counts / 25 keV
2
652(6)
Counts / 25 keV
Counts
Counts//25
25keV
keV
1
656(6)
RCNP
2000
29
3000
4000
Energy (keV)
F
T. Motobayashi et al., PLB 346, 9 (1995).
31
F: H. Sakurai et al., PLB 448, 180 (1999).
34Mg: K. Yoneda et al., PLB 449, 233 (2001).
30
Ne: Y. Yanagisawa et al., PLB 556, 84 (2003).
42Si
Island of Inversion
32Ne:
P. Doornenbal et al., PRL 103, 032501 (2009).
42Si: S. Takeuchi et al., PRL 109, 182501 (2012).
36,38Mg: P. Doornenbal, et al., PRL 111, 212502 (2013).
RCNP
Island of deformation
2013
32Mg
42Si
20
34,36,38Mg
Mg
28
31F 32Ne
8
Island of Inversion
32Mg:
T. Motobayashi et al., PLB 346, 9 (1995).
31
F: H. Sakurai et al., PLB 448, 180 (1999).
34Mg: K. Yoneda et al., PLB 449, 233 (2001).
30
Ne: Y. Yanagisawa et al., PLB 556, 84 (2003).
32Ne:
P. Doornenbal et al., PRL 103, 032501 (2009).
42Si: S. Takeuchi et al., PRL 109, 182501 (2012).
36,38Mg: P. Doornenbal, et al., PRL 111, 212502 (2013).
RCNP
Island of deformation
54Ca
2013
32Mg
42Si
20
34,36,38Mg
N=34?
Mg
28
31F 32Ne
8
Island of Inversion
32Mg:
T. Motobayashi et al., PLB 346, 9 (1995).
31
F: H. Sakurai et al., PLB 448, 180 (1999).
34Mg: K. Yoneda et al., PLB 449, 233 (2001).
30
Ne: Y. Yanagisawa et al., PLB 556, 84 (2003).
32Ne:
P. Doornenbal et al., PRL 103, 032501 (2009).
42Si: S. Takeuchi et al., PRL 109, 182501 (2012).
36,38Mg: P. Doornenbal, et al., PRL 111, 212502 (2013).
RCNP
“New” magic number N=34 in 54Ca
ARIS talk on Friday
David Steppenbeck (CNS, Tokyo)
In-Beam Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy of
Very Neutron-Rich N=32 and 34 Nuclei
Region of Interest
RCNP
1pμA
N=82
86Kr/136Xe/238U
N=28
~132Sn
Z=50
N=34
Magic#
Z=28
Z=20
Island of
Inversion
N=126
N=50
~100Sn
B(E2), Ex(2+)
~78Ni Collectivity:
Type of Coll.: Ex(2+) / Ex(4+)
Single Part.: Ex, Jπ
RCNP
B(E2) Systematics in Sn
ARIS Talk on Monday
Anna Corsi (CEA Saclay)
Shell Evolution towards 100Sn
Region of Interest
RCNP
1pμA
N=82
86Kr/136Xe/238U
N=28
~132Sn
Z=50
N=34
Magic#
Z=28
Z=20
Island of
Inversion
N=126
N=50
~100Sn
B(E2), Ex(2+)
~78Ni Collectivity:
Type of Coll.: Ex(2+) / Ex(4+)
Single Part.: Ex, Jπ
RCNP
H. Wang
H. Wang
RCNP
H. Wang
H. Wang
Shell structure of the nuclei beyond 132Sn
RCNP
Quenching or NOT Quenching
at N=82, this is the question
N=82 magic number disappear
in neutron-rich region
N/Z ~ 3
N/Z
N/Z ~1.6
r-process waiting points
corresponding to r-process abundance peak
Shell gap disappear
Shell quenching at N=82 and the r-process abundance
Neutrondrip line
Quenching
Shell reordering
Stability
J. Dobaczewski et al., Phys. Rev. C 53,2809(1996)
Significant changes in the shell
structure with (very) large N/Z
Not
Quenching
Motivation
RCNP
Xe
I
Te
Sb
Sn
In
136Sn
Cd
Ag
Pd
122Pd
70
72
74
124Pd
76
2+ excited state known
2+ excited state unknown
78
126Pd
80
82
84
86
88
γ-ray spectroscopy setup @ BigRIPS/ZeroDegree
RCNP
DALI2
SRC
IRC
Production
Target
F2
F5
F3
F7
F1
F11
F7
F8
F12
1st stage
separation
2nd stage
analysis
Target
ZeroDegree
analysis of 2ndary
reaction products
Particle Identification
RCNP
137Sb
 136Sn
BigRIPS PID
137Sb
A+3
A-1
A
ZeroDegree PID
Particle Identification
RCNP
137Sb
 136Sn
Charge State ID by TKE
136Sn50+
Q=Z
Q=Z-1
ZeroDegree PID
The first 2+ excited state in 136Sn
RCNP
One proton removal reaction
RCNP
Systematics of Ex(2+)
• Z=50 magicity in N=86 isotones
• Constant Ex(2+) beyond N=82  Seniority scheme
• Asymmetric Ex(2+) pattern around N=82
Mass Number A
RCNP
Systematics of Ex(2+)
• Z=50 magicity in N=86 isotones
• Constant Ex(2+) beyond N=82  Seniority scheme
• Asymmetric Ex(2+) pattern around N=82
Mass Number A
Mass Number A
RCNP
Systematics of Ex(2+)
• Z=50 magicity in N=86 isotones
• Constant Ex(2+) beyond N=82  Seniority scheme
• Asymmetric Ex(2+) pattern around N=82
Mass Number A
Mass Number A
~500 keV
RCNP
Comparison with Theory
Mean-field calculations cannot reproduce
•Constancy
•asymmetry with respective to N=82
Mass Number A
Neutron Number N
Possible Reason
RCNP
Reduction of pairing ?
Δ(3)(N)=(-1)N[B(N-1)+B(N+1)-2B(N)]/2
J. Hakala, et al.,
PRL 109, 032501(2012)
N<8
2
N>8
2
A. Jokinen’s talk
at ARIS2014
Motivation
RCNP
Xe
I
Te
Sb
Sn
In
136Sn
Cd
Ag
Pd
122Pd
70
72
74
124Pd
76
2+ excited state known
2+ excited state unknown
78
126Pd
80
82
84
86
88
RCNP
γ-ray spectra for 120,122,124,126Pd
RCNP
• The collectivity decreases towards
N=82 due to the shell effect
• All systematics are similar to those
of the Xe (Z=54)
• Overall systematics trends are well
reproduced by two IBM-2
calculations using a model space
with a good N=82 shell closure
Region of Interest
RCNP
1pμA
N=82
86Kr/136Xe/238U
N=28
~132Sn
Z=50
N=34
Magic#
Z=28
Z=20
Island of
Inversion
N=126
N=50
~100Sn
Collectivity:
B(E2), Ex(2+)
Type of Coll.: Ex(2+) / Ex(4+)
Single Part.: Ex, Jπ
Region of Interest
RCNP
1pμA
N=82
86Kr/136Xe/238U
N=28
~132Sn
Z=50
N=34
Magic#
Z=28
Z=20
Island of
Inversion
N=126
N=50
~100Sn
Collectivity:
B(E2), Ex(2+)
MINOS
Type
of Coll.: Ex(2+) / Ex(4+)
A. Obertelli
Single Part.: Ex, Jπ
Shell Evolution and Search for Two-plus Energies
At the RIBF (SEASTAR) – a RIKEN Physics program
Spokespersons: P. Doornenbal (RIKEN), A. Obertelli (CEA, RIKEN)
ARIS talk on Wed
Alexandre Obertelli (CEA Saclay / RIKEN)
EPJ A sponsored lecture : Physics Program with MINOS at RIBF
PSP framework promoted by H. Sakurai (RIKEN, Univ. of Tokyo)
You are welcome to the SEASTAR collaboration!
http://www.nishina.riken.jp/collaboration/SUNFLOWER/experiment/seastar/index.html
Future
RCNP
•
Beam intensity will continue increasing
 Expansion of region
•
More elaborate measurements
 Higher excited states
 Low energy reactions (OEDO [Shimoura])
•
New detectors
Shogun ?
Ge based (tracking array?)
CAGRA(Clover Array)
RCNP
M. Carpenter, E. Ideguchi, T. Koike et al.
CAGRA
(Clover Array Gamma-ray spectrometer
at RCNP/RIBF for Advanced research)
Clover with BGO suppressor x 16
US
Tohoku
•
Approved by DOE
•
•
•
Transportation
Digital electronics
Liq. N2 filling system
:10
:6
CAGRA@RCNP
RCNP
High Spin with RI beam
at EN course
Selection
Various
unstable nuclei
Heavy ion
primary beam (Stable)
Beams of
unstable nuclei
of interest
不安定核
ビームライン
Giant Resonance/
Charge exchange
At Grand Raiden
RCNP
CAGRA@RIBF ?
RCNP
Ge Tracking Detector in Japan
RCNP
One Ge module with
four segmented crystal
Funded
(To be delivered in 2015 Mar)
RCNP
Collaborators
36,38Mg, 42Si
P. Doornenbal, H. Scheit, S. Takeuchi , N. Aoi , K. Li , M. Matsushita,
D. Steppenbeck, H. Wang, H. Baba, H. Crawford, C.R. Hoffman, R. Hughes,
E. Ideguchi, N. Kobayashi, Y. Kondo, J. Lee, S. Michimasa, T. Motobayashi,
H. Sakurai, M. Takechi, Y. Togano, R. Winkler, and K. Yoneda
RIKEN Nishina Center, Peking University, Rikkyo,
LBNL, ANL, Richmondm CNS, NSCL/MSU
122,124,126Pd, 136Sn
H. Wang, N. Aoi, S. Takeuchi, M. Matsushita4, P. Doornenbal, T. Motobayashi,
D. Steppenbeck, K. Yoneda, H. Baba, Z. Dombrádi, K. Kobayashi, Y. Kondo,
J. Lee, H. Liu1, R. Minakata, D. Nishimura, H. Otsu, H. Sakurai, D. Sohler,
Y.L. Sun, Z.-Y. Tian, R. Tanaka, Z. Vajta, Z.-H. Yang, T.Yamamoto, Y.-L. Ye,
and R. Yokoyama
Peking, RIKEN Nishina Center, RCNP, Osaka, ,
CNS, Tokyo, Rikkyo, TITech, Tokyo Univeristy of Science