TO BE
PRESENTED
BY
UMAR ABDULLAHI ABDULHAMEED
500612013
MAY,2013


Introduction

Motivation






Why microfluidic pumps?
Definitions
Types
Applications
Challenges
References

INTR ODUC TION
 A microfluidic devices was once only used in the domain of inkjet printers and similarly-styled office equipment. Flash forward to today and you will see a microfluidic devices are employed in:

Biotechnology
 pharmaceutical
 life science etc.
 Microfluidic pumps are capable of achieving single digit pL per minute flow rate.

MOT IVAT ION
 The manipulation of fluid in channels with dimensions of tens of micrometersmicrofluidic pumping-has emerged as a distinct new field.
Microfluidics has a potential to influence subject areas from chemical synthesis and biological analysis to optics and information technology. But the field is still at an early stage of development.
 To achieve these manipulations, the use of pump is earnestly needed in order to achieve miniaturization.

Why microfluidic pumps?
 Mechanical pumps are not the best solution to overcome the viscous resistance of fluid flow in micro channels.


Large external pumps defies miniaturization
To allow implantation

DEFINATIONS
Microfluidics
 Microfluidics deals with the behavior, precise control and manipulation of fluids that are geometrically constrained to a small volume typically microlitre,nanolitre picolitreor femtolitre.
 Microfluidic is a science that deals with the flow of fluid in a channel of micrometer size.
What are microfluidic pumps?
Microfluidic pumps are devices that are used to pump or mix fluid in channels of micrometer size in a microfluidic system.

BERNOULLI’S THEOREM





The Bernoulli equation is a special statement of the general energy equation
Work added to the system is referred to as pump head (h
P
)
Losses from the system are referred to as head loss (h
L
)
Pressure (lbf/in 2 ) is a form of work
Strictly Mechanical Energy so we get the equation:
P
1
+ PE
1
+ KE
1
+ WK = PE
2
+ KE
2
+ WK
FRIC
+ P
2

BERNOULLI’S Equation
Z
1
+ (P
1
/  ) + (V
1
2 /2g) = Z
2
+ (P
2
/  ) + (V
2
2 /2g) + h
P
- h
L
Z : Elevation (ft)
P : Pressure (lb/ft 2 )

: Density (lb/ft 3 )
V : Velocity (ft/sec) g : acceleration
(32.2 ft/sec 2 )
Z : Elevation (ft)
P : Pressure (lb/ft 2 )

: Density (lb/ft 3 )
V : Velocity (ft/sec) g : acceleration
(32.2 ft/sec 2 )

Fluidic Design Equations – Bernoulli Again

Piezoelectric microfluidic pumps

Various Piezoelectric Pumps

TYPES OF MICROFLUIDIC PUMP
Different microfluidic pumps can be implement using:
 Piezoelectric
 Electrostatic effect
 Thermo-pneumatic effect
 Magnetic effect
 Electrochemical
 Ultrasonic flow generation
 Electro-osmotic
 Electohydrodynamics principle

Types of microfluidic pumps
 Microfluidic pump based on travelling wave
 Thermal gradient
 Catalytic
 Surface tension
 Optically actuated pumps
 Self-propelling semiconductor diode

Finger-powered pump

 The electro osmotic flow is generated in the pump by applying a low voltage across the two electrodes.
 This may be implemented using a battery or dc power supply unit.
 For advance flow rate control a PWM power source can be supplied.
 Provide excellent pumping performance in a miniature package.
 It also provide smooth flow




Ideal for integration into a microfluidic systems to its reduced size and precise control that can be achieved in the low flow range.
The working liquid can be deionizer water but it is possible to pump any liquid including aggressive media and cell suspension. Thus it has application in life science .
Advantages
 No pulsation


No moving part
Small size


High power performance.
Easy operation

Biomedical
 Drug delivery
 Fluid mixing
 Particle manipulation
 Administering pharmaceutical products
 Lab –on-chip
 Implantation
 Heart blood pumping implantation

APPLICATIONS
 Life science





DNA analysis
Protein analysis
Forensic test
Lineage tracing
Separation of mammalian cell



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Difficult to fabricate due to complex structure
Limitation to specific fluid cost

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2009.
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Global Public Health”, Nature, Vol. 442, pp. 412-418, 2006.
[3] G.-M. Walker and D. J. Beebe, “A Passive Pumping Method for Microfluidic Devices”, Lab Chip, Vol. 2, pp. 131-134,
2002.
[4] I. Meyvantsson, J. W. Warrick, S. Hayes, A. Skoien, D. J.
Beebe, “Automated Cell Culture in High Density Tubeless
Microfluidic Device Arrays”, Lab Chip, Vol. 8, pp. 717-724,
2008.
[5] A. W. Martinez, S. T. Phillips, and G. M. Whiteside's,
“Three-Dimensional Microfluidic Devices Fabricated in Layered Paper and
Tape” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., Vol. 105, pp. 19606-19611, 2008.