UNCLASSIFIED
TMDS 1102
Defensive Weapon Systems
USAF WEAPONS SCHOOL - NELLIS AFB
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
Objectives
• Know the objectives of Theater Missile
Defense.
• Know the organization tasked with program
direction for TMD.
• Know the four pillars of Theater Missile
Defense.
• Know the current components of spacebased warning system.
• Know the three data processors of the
Tactical Event System.
• Know the two active defense systems.
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Objectives (Con’t)
• Know the most effective method of
destroying a theater missile.
• Know the improvements in the Patriot Pac-3
system.
• Know the mission of the THAAD missile
system.
• Know the five advanced concepts of the
future Theater Missile Defense system.
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Overview
•
•
•
•
•
•
Background
Program overview
Core architecture
Current systems
Evolving systems
Advanced concepts
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UNCLASSIFIED
Missile Defense Evolution
• 1984-1986 Technology exploration
• 1987-1990 Development of ground and
space-based, layered defense
• 1991-1992 Global Protection Against
Limited Attacks
• 1993 Acquisition and deployment of
TMD against “here and now” threat
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UNCLASSIFIED
“There are approximately 30 countries with
ballistic missile capabilities. Some of these
nations are our allies. Many are unfriendly:
China, Iraq, Syria, Libya, North Korea. Of the 30
nations which have missile capability, 8 are in
the Middle East, and there are hot spots around
the world where our troops could be deployed
and are being deployed which are in the range of
ballistic missiles from hostile countries.”
Congressman Joel Hefley, Colorado (R),
6-14-95 Congressional Record
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UNCLASSIFIED
Rest of World Missile Capability
Czech/Slovak
Republics
SS-21
SS-23
FROG-7
China
Poland
Romania
Bulguria
Syria
SCUD B
SS-21
FROG-7
SCUD B
FROG-7
SCUD B
SS-21
FROG-7
SCUD B
SS-21
FROG -7
SCUD - C
SS-2
SS-3, CSS-4
SS-5, CSS-8
M-9, M-11
CSS-N-3
FROG-7
Hungary
FROG -7
FSU
Republics
SS-21, FROG-7
SCUD B
ICBMs Controlled by
Russia
SLBMs - Russia
Only
North Korea
SCUD B
SCUD - C
Tae
FROG -7
No Dong
Taepo Dong I / II
Libya
SCUD B
FROG -7
South Korea
NHK I, NHK II
NHK A
Israel
Afghanistan
Lance
Jericho I
Jericho II
SCUD B
FROG -7
Vietnam
UAE
SCUD B
SCUD B
Egypt
Iraq
SCUD B
FROG -7
SCUD B
FROG -7
Al Hussein
Yemen
SCUD B
FROG -7
SS-21 Mod 2
Saudi
Arabia
CSS-2
UNCLASSIFIED
Iran
SCUD B
SCUD - C
CSS-8
FROG -7
Pakistan
Hatf 1
Hatf 2
Hatf3
India
Prithvi
Agni
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Theater Wide Defense
•
•
•
•
•
•
Joint forces
Sea and air lines of communication
Vital political and military assets
Supporting infrastructure
Population centers
Inland regions
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Objectives
• Demonstrate resolve to deter
aggression
• Protect US-deployed, Allied and
Coalition Forces
• Detect, warn and report an attack
• Reduce the probability of and/or
minimize the effects of damage caused
by the attack
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UNCLASSIFIED
Ballistic Missile Defense Program
Congress
Executive Branch
Joint Chiefs Of Staff /
Military Commanders
Ballistic Missile Defense Organization
Acquisition
Executive Authority
Program Direction
Integration and
Battle Management/Command, Control, and Communication
Navy / Marine Corps
Army
Ground Based
Sensor
Programs
Ground Based
Interceptor
Programs
Sea Based
Missile Defense
Battle Management,
Command, Control And
Communications
Ballistic Missile Defense
Capability To Warfighter
UNCLASSIFIED
Air Force
Advanced
Space
Sensors
UNCLASSIFIED
TMD Focus
• Build upon the existing and planned
Theater Air Defense C3 structure
• Provide the CINC a flexible capability
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UNCLASSIFIED
Four Pillars of TMD
Engagement
Kill assessment
Architecture, Analysis,
Integration, and Balancing
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Information
management
C3/I
Attack Operations
Cueing
Active Defense
Launch
detection
Passive Defense
Theater
Missile Defense
Missile
defense/air
defense
integration
Battle
management
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Core TMD Architecture
•
•
•
•
Multi-service systems
Includes existing and new systems
Upper tier - THAAD
Lower tier - Patriot, HAWK radar and
AEGIS
• C3I/Surveillance/Warning - Spacebased Warning, and AWACS EAGLE
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TMD Program Architecture
1. Early Warning / Dissemination
- Improved Launch / Impact Point Accuracy
- Reduced Timelines
3. Command And Control Upgrades
-
Advanced Decision / Planning Aids
Link Into GCCS
Integrate Attack Ops / Passive Defense
Timely Intelligence Data
TAOC
Processing /
Dissemination
• Cueing
• Launch Point
• Impact Point
• Launch Point
• Impact Point
Planning /
Coordination
AOC / CRC
Attack Operations
Passive Defense
2. Communications Interoperability
-
ADA TOC
Service / Allied Interoperability
Seamless Warning / Cueing / Weapon Coordination
Shared Situational Awareness
JTIDS Primary Medium
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TFCC / CIC
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Current Systems
• Space-Based Warning
• Communications
• Active Defense
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UNCLASSIFIED
Space-Based Warning
• Defense Support Program (DSP)
Satellite
• Processors
–
–
–
ALERT
JTAGS
TACDAR
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UNCLASSIFIED
DSP Capability
Strategic (ICBM) Target
• Very “Hot” Booster
DSP
• Very Long Burn Time
• Very Long Flight Time
Theater (TBM) Target
• Warm Booster
DSP
• Short Burn Time
• Short Flight Time
Burnout
Burnout
IR
Returns
No
visibility
UNCLASSIFIED
IR Returns
No
visibility
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DSP Processing
• Strategic - Single string
–
–
Single satellite linked to a single
processor
Sufficient accuracy for strategic mission
• Theater - Stereo
–
–
Multiple satellites linked to each
processor
Improved accuracy
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Theater Event System (TES)
• Description
–
–
DSP satellites provide warning data
JTAGS, ALERT and TACDAR provide
processing
• Architecture
–
–
–
In-theater correlation of data
Integration into Joint Data Net
Accommodate use with SBIRS
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Typical ALERT/JTAGS Display
19:05:17:52
03:2979.4
Al Ladhiqiyah
Famagusta
Dayr azZawi
05:2929.8
Homs
Beirut
Damascus
Baghdad
Haifa
Ar Rutbah
Tel Aviv
Jaffa
Amman
Jerusalem
E
l
e
v
a
t
i
o
n
-100
0
E
l
e
v
a
t
i
o
n
0
-100
Azimuth (arcsec)
A
l
t
i
t
u
d
e
0
20
40
60
Time sec
D
o
w
n
r
a
n
g
e
-100
Karbala
-20
0
0
-100
Azimuth (arcsec)
I
n
t
e
n
s
i
t
y
TBM Trajectory
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Time
A
l
t
i
t
u
d
e
0
20
40
60
Time sec
0
10
20
Downrange nmi
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2 nmi / tic
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Communications
• Tactical Information Broadcast Service
(TIBS)
• Tactical Related Applications (TRAP) Data
Dissemination System (TDDS)
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UNCLASSIFIED
TMD Comms Interoperability
JFC / HQ
Navy
Army
Air Force
Marines
• Theater CINC Flexibility
• Seamless Information Transfer
• Interoperability With
Services / Allies
• Early Warning / Cueing
- Launch Point
- Impact Point
- State Vector
• Weapon Coordination
• Near Real-time Information
• Situational Awareness
• Shared Surveillance Information
(JTIDS, TDDS, TIBS, Existing Comm)
Joint Theater NetworkUNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
Active Defense
• Army Patriot Weapon System
• USMC Hawk Weapon System
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
Killing Warheads
Effectiveness Comparison
Warhead
Fragment
Hit-to-kill
Chemic al
Int egral
Int ernal
Submun it ion s
Good
Fair
Poo r
Exc ellent
Exc ellent
Good
Biolo gic al
Submun it ion s
Poo r
Good
High Ex plosiv e
Unitary
Submun it ion s
Good
Fair
Exc ellent
Exc ellent
Fair
Exc ellent
Nuclear
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Hit-To-Kill
Patriot “… demonstrated, for the first time in
combat, that it is possible ‘to hit a bullet
with a bullet’…”
– Center for International and Security Policy Studies
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UNCLASSIFIED
CURRENT PATRIOT FEATURES
COUNTER TODAY’S THREAT
Patriot Missile Defense System
•
•
• High Firepower - Able To Counter
Saturation Raids
- High Search Rate
- High Track Capacity
High firepower
to counter
- Fast Reaction
Time saturation
raids - Rapid Rate-Of-Fire
- Multiple Simultaneous
Engagements
Highly effective
against current
countermeasures
• Highly Effective Against Currently
Fielded Countermeasures
• Effective against airborne threats
•
• Effective Against Airborne Threats
- Alloperations
Aircraft Types
Integrated
with other air
Tactical Ballistic Missile
defense-- systems
Cruise Missiles
- Anti-radiation Missile
- Unmanned Air Vehicles
• Integrated Operations With Other
Air Defense Systems
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UNCLASSIFIED
Patriot Forces
35th BDE
Netherland
s 4 Fire Units
4 FU
*
Germany 40 Fire Units
12 U.S. Fire Units
203 ADA BN **
11th BDE
108thBDE
12 FU
6 FU
4 FU
Korea
6 U.S. Fire Units
*
*
Japan
32 Fire Units
31st BDE
4 FU
Taiwan
3 Fire Units
U.S. Deployed
26
24
*
**4
CONUS
OCONUS
Move In 1996
Alabama NG - 1996
Israel
3 Fire Units
Kuwait
5 Fire Units
Saudi Arabia
20 Fire Units
6 U.S. Fire Units
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$12(+) Billion
Added By International
Investment
UNCLASSIFIED
USMC TMD System
• AN/TPS-59 radar
• HAWK air defense system
• Increased Lethality Missile (ILM)
–
–
Fragmentation warhead
60 launchers per system
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UNCLASSIFIED
Evolving Capabilities
•
•
•
•
Navy Area TMD
AWACS EAGLE
Patriot PAC-3
Theater High Altitude Area Defense
(THAAD) System
• Joint Data Network (JDN)
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UNCLASSIFIED
Navy Area TMD System
•
•
•
•
Enhance AEGIS weapon system
Lower and upper tier defense in future
Employ “hit-to-kill” kinetic kill vehicle
Operate in one of three modes
–
–
–
Autonomous
Cued
Pre-commit
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AWACS EAGLE
• Objective
–
–
Late boost/early post boost detection
and tracking
Precise cueing to fire control radars
• Status - 1997 AWACS test aircraft
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UNCLASSIFIED
PAC-3 GUIDANCE APPROACH
Patriot PAC-3
Inertial Fly Out Phase Is The Major
Portion Of Missile Flight Time
Endgame
Homing
• Final Homing Maneuver
• Fire Lethality Enhancer
• Thrusters Provide
Rapid Response - Angle Of Attacks
Acquisition
• Missile Seeker Provides
Guidance Accuracy
Inertial Fly Out
• Onboard Seeker
Acquires Target
• Fly To Nominal Intercept
Point On AMS Control
Launch Control
• Target Trajectory And Intercept Point
Supplied By Launch Control System
• Provide Updated Target Trajectory If
Required
UNCLASSIFIED
• Intercept
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Patriot PAC-3
•
•
•
•
Near-term upgrades to existing system
Three configuration changes
PAC-3 missile
Fielding FY98
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THAAD MISSION
THAAD
Joint
Systems
• The Mission Of The Theater High Altitude Area
Defense (THAAD) System Is To Defeat Tactical
Ballistic Missiles
- Endo And Exo Engagement Capability
- Engages At Long Ranges And High Altitude
- Provides Multiple Shot Opportunities
Track
Missile
Commit
1st
Intercept
Opportunity
Radar
Kill
Assessment
BM/C3 I
Missile
Commit
2nd
Intercept
Opportunity
Kill
Assessment
PATRIOT
Launchers
3rd
Intercept
Opportunity
THAAD Extended Coverage Provides A
Unique Military Capability
Lower Tier
Defended Area
PATRIOT
Launcher
UNCLASSIFIED
• Counters High Velocity TBMs
• Counters Weapons Of Mass Destruction At
High Altitudes
• Provides Large Area Coverage
UNCLASSIFIED
Joint Data Network
• Collection of nets and
standards
• High speed data and voice
• Transfer track and C2 info
Components
Purpose
• TADIL A/LINK 11
• Common tactical picture
• TADIL J/LINK 16
• Joint force coordination
• TIBS
• Engagement status
exchange
• TDDS
• Voice circuits
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
Advanced Concepts
•
•
•
•
•
Airborne Boost Interceptor (ABI)
Airborne Laser (ABL)
Space-Based Infrared System (SBIRS)
Navy Theater-Wide Interceptor
Medium Extended Air Defense System
(MEADS)
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
Airborne Boost Interceptor
(ABI)
• Kinetic energy weapon
• Intercept TBMs shortly after launch
• Launched by fighter aircraft
–
–
Onboard JTIDS terminal to receive
launch and track data
Onboard processor for intercept
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UNCLASSIFIED
Airborne Laser (ABL)
• Description
–
–
High energy laser, beam control system
Installed on widebody aircraft
• Concept of Operations
–
–
–
Operate at high altitude
Self-contained sensor system
Destroy TBM during boost phase
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UNCLASSIFIED
SBIRS Architecture
Attributes
• Tracks in boost, post-boost, and
midcourse
• Tracks and discriminates ballistic
objects
• Closer to targets
- More accurate tracking
- Smaller sensors
- Higher resolution
Limitations
• Larger constellation/communication
links
• Risk - unproven in flight
• Survivability of low earth orbit
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UNCLASSIFIED
SBIRS Role in TMD
Active Defense - Accurate tracking, cueing and target discrimination
Passive Defense - Impact point and impact time predictions
Attack Ops - Accurate launch point estimate enables counterstrikes
C3 - Continuous tracking supports command and control and battle
management
SMTS
SMTS
TBMTracking
COMSAT
F-15E
Relay
Aircraft
X
Impact
Point
Prediction
Precision
GuidedWeapon
Tactical
Ballistic
Missiles
JTAGS
LaunchPoint
Location
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
Medium Extended Air Defense
System (MEADS)
• Cooperative international program
• Protect maneuver force against aerial
threats
• Lower tier defense against TBMs
• Deployable and mobile
• Survivable
• Lethal
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Summary
•
•
•
•
•
TMD evolved from Desert Storm
Multiservice, multisystem program
Current system evolving
Integral part of Theater Air Defense
Future concepts - earlier detection,
faster dissemination, pre-boost
destruction
UNCLASSIFIED