Emerging Trends in NGN –
Railways not to miss ICT Bus
SATYA N. GUPTA
Chief Regulatory Advisor,
BTGS,SAARC and India
IRSE Seminar, New Delhi
(Jan. 8th,2010)
AGENDA
• Emerging Technological Developments –
Dominance of Wireless and IP.
• Next
Generation
Network
(NGN)
Ecosystem.
• Mega Technology Trends.
• Broadband Converged Network –NG BCN.
• Opportunity for Indian Railways.
Starting Quotes
“ Solid state LED technology will make the light bulb
a thing of the past. Voice Over Internet Protocol will
spell a revolution in Telephony. Even more powerful
microchips and ever faster chip-to-chip interfaces
will allow for new applications in anything from
systems management to cinema -quality computer
games.”
- Joshua Livestro in techcentralstation.com
“The future of lighting --OLED--”
“The future of telephony --VOIP--”
“The future of networks --NGN--”
Technology Development
Trends
• Increased speed and density of Integrated Circuits
(Moores Law).
• Enhanced Transmission capacities on Optic Fiber
Networks and Flexibility (Gilders Law).
• Distributed
and
Open
Platform-based
Communication Software (APIs).
• Capacity Growth and innovative Application
Services on Wireless. (Coopers Law)
• Emergence of Next-Generation Networks (IPbased) offering QOS for real-time services.
• Ubiquity of networks through RFID & IPv6 (Next
Generation Internet).
1.Evolution of VOIP(Voice
Over Internet Protocol)
• IP-based Networks are establishing themselves.
However, Circuit-Switching based Networks still
delivering the goods.
• Packet Networks gone beyond ‘Best-Effort’ tag and
countered the limitation of security and reliability.
• Cost advantage and transmission efficiency of VOIP
leading to ‘Death of Distance’.
• Media Gateway (Soft-Switches) enabling coexistence of circuit-switched networks and packetswitched networks in a seamless manner.
IP OPTIONS FOR LONG DISTANCE
TELEPHONY
1
PSTN
Long Distance
Network (TDM)
2
VOIP
Gateway
Managed
VOIP
backbon
e
VOIP
Gateway
3
PST
N
Customer
Premises
Equipment
Local
Exchange
Internet
Telephony
Service
Providers
Node
Public
Interne
t
PSTN
Internet
Telephony
Service
Providers
Node
Local
Exchange
Customer
Premises
Equipment
2.Evolution of Alternate Last
Mile Technologies
• Use of Coaxial Cable for Telecom Services (Cable
TV Network for Broadband and telephony local
loop).
• Use of DSL technology on traditional Copper
Loops.
• Wireless Access Service for Fixed and Mobile
communication.
• VSAT-based Access in remote areas.
• Power line based Access (BPL).
• Free Space Optics (FSO).
3.Technology Alternatives for
Wireline Broadband
Evolution of Wireline Technologies
i) Use of Digital Subscriber Loop (DSL) technology on
traditional Copper Loops (DIY, Franchising,
Shared unbundling, Bit stream access)
– Asymmetric DSL (ADSL) – 1 Mbps upstream/ 8 Mbps
downstream, 3 Km
– ADSL (G.Lite) – Splitter free, 512 Kbps upstream/ 1.5
Mbps downstream, 5.4 km
– Symmetrical DSL – 1.5 Mbps, 3 Km
– Single pair High-speed DSL (SHDSL) – 2.3 Mbps
symmetric, 3 Km
– ADSL 2, ADSL 2 + – 8/24 Mbps, 1.5 Km
– Very high Data Rate DSL (VDSL) – 52 Mbps, 1.5 Km
Broadband over copper loop
(DSL)
Local PSTN
Exchange
Customer Premises
Twisted Pair Copper
Loop
TV
[video]
Phone
[voice]
DSL Modem
LEX
PC
[data]
DSLAM
CDN
Content Delivery Network
Internet
ii) Cable TV Networks for Broadband access
– Broadband over cable TV accounts for 74% of total connections in US, and
55% in Canada
– 55 million cable homes in India, but infrastructure can not support bidirectional communication and requires upgrade
– Regulatory environment, via an ISP license, allows this with some MSO’s and
operators already doing so
– For advances to occur, better organization of the industry needed to be
executed
– Cable operators will need to adopt innovative business models to compete in
converged environment
• Possible to provide upgraded entertainment services such as interactive digital TV,
pay-per-view, video on demand and time-shifted TV
• Benefits operators with significantly higher ARPU and better customer retention
• To start with Cable TV network which is uni-directional can be used for
downloading, the uplink to be conventional narrow band like dialup/ ISDN/ RADIO
– Operators need training to create awareness about utility of their networks and
understanding of the investments required, returns possible, and technical
aspects
iii) Fibre Optic Cable Technologies
–Fiber To The Curb (FTTC) – by existing operators
–Fiber To The Home (FTTH) – Fibre in last mile to deliver converged
services
–Hybrid Fiber Coaxial (HFC) – by Cable TV operators
–Metro Ethernet (Fibre based) – extending the range of LAN
–GPON (Gigabit - Passive Optical Network) – triple play over TDM
–(No limitation of distance or throughput speeds)
iv) Broadband over Powerline (BPL) Technologies
–Use of existing domestic power connections for sending data
–Throughput in the range of 1 MHz (4 – 6 Mbps)
–Ideal for rural areas where telecom / cable TV infrastructure may not be
there
v) Metro Ethernet Networks
–Use of Ethernet beyond LAN
–Use of high-speed access using hybrid fiber/ copper based Ethernet
technology
–Power over Ethernet (POE)
4.Mobile Technologies Trends
• GPRS,EDGE,802.11(WLAN,Wi-Fi),
802.16(Wimax),PTT,Bluetooth,UWB, 3G- Already Available.
• B3G, 802.16e (Mobile WiMAX), OFDMA, 802.16m, 802.20
(WWAN,MBWA), All-IP cellular networks- Emerging out.
• Human Area Network (HAN) associated with body/ clothingBecoming a possibility.
• Fixed Mobile Convergence(FMC) leading to interoperability of handsets for any type of access – Quad Mode
Multi Band handsets. (WiFi, Wimax, GSM, CDMA)
• Software Defined Radios (SDR) – Multi-Functional,
Multiservice,
Multiprotocol,
Multiband,
Multimode
(Universal) Radios.
• Cognitive Radio(CR)/ Intelligent Radios
Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) Technologies
Technology
Max Throughput
Frequency Bands
Typical Range
Application
WiFi (802.11x)
54 Mbps/ 11 Mbps
2.4 G, 5.1 G
100-400 mtrs
WLAN
WiMax (802.16x)
70 Mbps
700 MHz, 2.3 G, 2.5 G,
3.5 G, 5 G
Up to 50 Kms
WWAN
Mobi-Fi (802.20)`
40 Mbps
2.4, 3.5, 5.5 G
8-10 Kms
Mobile Broadband
CorDect
70 Kbps
1900 MHz
10-15 Kms
WWAN
WCDMA/ 3G
2.0 Mbps
1900-2100 MHz
Unlimited (Cellular)
Mobile Broadband
EV-DO,HSPDA
2.4 Mbps (shared)
450,,900,1800 MHz
Unlimited (Cellular)
Mobile Broadband
EDGE
230 Kbps
900,1800 MHz
Unlimited (Cellular)
Mobile Internet
GPRS
58 Kbps
900,1800 MHz
Unlimited (Cellular)
Mobile Internet
CDMA (2000-1X)
144 Kbps (shared)
450,,900,1800 MHz
Unlimited (Cellular)
Mobile Internet
FSO
100 Mbps to few Gbps
Light Wave
Few Kms
CAN
Microwave radio
(MMDS/ LMDS)
Few Mbps
3.5 G – 31 G
50 Kms +
MAN
VSAT
20 Mbps
4 G – 11 G
Unlimited
GAN (Remote Area)
Wireless USB 2.0
480 Mbps
2.4 G
10 mtrs
VAN
Bluetooth(802.15.1
3 Mbps
2.4 G
1-10 mtrs
PAN
Infrared
16 Mbps
Light Wave
1-5 meter
BAN
ZigBee/ UWB
200Kbps/400-500Gbps
2.5G-5.8G
1-100 mtrs
PAN
RFID
Few Kbps
2.4 G,900Mhz
Few Inches
Contact-less
Detection
BWA Technology Evolution- 3G and beyond
UMTS
(3G)
HSPA
EVDO
(3G)
802.16
a/d
802.16e
IMTAdv(4G)
Bandwidth
5 MHz
5 MHz
1.25 MHz
1.25-20
MHz
1.25-20 Mhz
1.25-20
MHz
Typical
Spectrum
1.9-2.1
GHz
1.9-2.1
GHz
450-1900
MHz
2.3-5.8
GHz
2.3-5.8 GHz
IMT
(3G)Bands
Downlink
Peak Rate
0.4 bps/Hz
2.9 bps/Hz
2.5 bps/Hz
3.2 bps/Hz
3.2 bps/Hz
15bps/Hz
Uplink Peak
Rate
0.4 bps/Hz
0.4 bps/Hz
1.4 bps/Hz
2.4 bps/Hz
2.4 bps/Hz
6.75 bps/Hz
0.1 bps/Hz
Ave DL
Thr oughput
0.7 bps/Hz
0.9 bps/Hz
0.53
bps/Hz
0.75 bps/Hz
-
Latency
150 ms
100 ms
100 ms
100 ms
100 ms
< 50 ms
Flat IP
Support
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Mobility
Full
Full
Full
Fixed
Limited
Full
5.Broadband using DTH for Receiveonly Internet
CUSTOMER
PREMISES
EQUIPMENT
BROADCAST
CHANNEL
RECEIVE
ONLY SIGNAL
CUSTOMERS
RECIVING
SET
512 kbps
Inbound
DTH PROVIDERS
TRANSMITTER
OUTBOUND
COMBINED
SIGNAL
DTH Service
Provider
Hub
OUTWARD
DIALUP
EQUIPMENT
Outbound Channel
(Radio, ISDN,
Dial up etc.)
-
International
Internet
Cloud
Speed of outbound channel is -generally between 10 to 20% of inbound channel
64 – 128 kbps
Internet
Service
Provider
6.Broadband Services Trends
• High speed Internet access (death of World-WideWait) – Still the killer application for Broadband in
India
• Video-On Demand, Interactive TV, IPTV, PPV, Time
Shifted
TV,
Videoconferencing,telepresence,
(Multimedia over Broadband)
• Triple Play (data, voice, video) – One stop solution
• IP-VPN (low cost connectivity)
• EOIP
• Interactive Gaming, HDTV, Work- From- Home
• 4 e’s (e-Governance, e-Learning, e-Health, eCommerce)
VSAT
INTERNET
KIOSK/ HOME
Ethernet
FTTC
>2 Mbps
512 Kbps2 Mbps
256 Kbps4 Mbps
DSL
Metro
Ethernet
Cordect
INTERNET
(CONNECTIONLESS)
PSTN
(Connection oriented)
70 Kbps
WLL
CDMA
SWITCHED
TELEPHONE/DATA
SERVICE (FR/ATM)
144 Kbps –
2 Mbps
3G
Cellular
Mobile
HANDSET
Cable TV
Network
(Shared)
M-COMM
SERVER
Hotspots Network
(WISP)
CM
Broadband
through
Cable TV
64-384 Kbps
E-COMM
SERVER
ROUTED
(TCP/IP)
PLMN
GSM/
GPRS/
EDGE
384 Kbps128 Kbps2 Mbps
1.5 Mbps
WAP ENABLED/ GPRS/ EDGE
HOME SHOPPING
SERVER (E-COMM)
VIDEO
SERVER
Wireless
Broadband Broadband Access
through DTH (Wi-Fi, Wi-Max)
BUSINESS
VOICE, DATA
& VIDEO ON
SAME
PLATFORM
Broadband Access in India- Technology-Neutrality
(making use of existing infrastructure & wireless)
7.Trend Towards Convergence – NGN
• Evolving Networks leading to Convergence of
Voice, Data & Video services on a common
infrastructure resulting into cost saving and
performance improvements as well as leading to
new avenues for revenue generation.
• Convergence of Telecom, Broadcast and Internet
leading to Multimedia services.
• Evolving NGNs and 21CNs capable of guaranteed
QOS and high level of Security, Reliability and
Flexibility.
• Emergence of single “Information Plug” (TriplePlay).
• Customers aspiration – Better, Faster, Cheaper
8.What is NGN Ecosystem?
(From Layman’s point of view)
• Next Generation Services – Converged (quad-play-voice,
data, video, mobile)
• Next Generation Access – High speed (Broadband) IP based
connectivity (ADSL,VDSL,Wi-Max,Cable TV, FTTH, PLC)
• Next Generation Transport – Carrier Ethernet, IP-MPLS
• Next Generation Architecture – Service oriented (SOA),
layered (transport, control, application)
• Next Generation Mobile – 3G+ (B3G)
• Next Generation Internet – IPv6
• Next Generation Interconnect – Capacity and Quality based
• Next Generation Licensing – Unified
• Next Generation Regulation - Converged
Next Generation Networks –
Technology Evolution
Present Day Networks
Next Generation Networks (NGN)
Internet
Integrated
Services
Over IP
Gateways
Wireless
PSTN
Evolving towards All IP Communications
NGN v/s PSTN Components
PSTN Switch
NGN Components
Call Control
Application
& Service
Control Server
Switching
IP Routing
Interfaces
SDH
Transport
with Overlay
packets for
data
Gateways
Common IP MPLS Transport
NGN – a layered architecture
distributing intelligence
Control
Bearer
Application
Layer
Application
Services
Internet
Service Control
Layer
Softswitch
Control
IP Service
Switching
Transport Layer
(core and access)
Media
Gateways
PSTN
Broadband
Access
Multiservice
Packet Switching
RAS
X
DSLAM
GbE
Frame/
ATM
ACCESS
NETWORK
X
Metro Optical
X
X
X
X
National Optical
X
X
CORE NETWORKS
CPE
Wireless
X
X
Typical NGN architecture
9.Emerging NGN Services – EOIP
Voice over IP
Unified Messaging
BB - High Speed Internet
Primary line
Content Delivery
PC to Phone
Second line
Games
Phone to PC
IP Centrex usage
Downloads (MP3)
IP VPN (data)
Voice VPN
BW on-demand
IP Centrex
Video on demand
QOS on demand
IP Offload
TV on demand
Quad play
3G & beyond
applications
Distance learning
Cinema of the future
Multimedia Conferencing
Telepresence
Remote lab
Instant messaging
presence management
MMS on fixed network
Location Based Services
(LBS)
FMC (Fixed Mobile Con.)
10.Next Generation Internet (IPv6)
 IPv6 is the next generation Internet protocol
with improvement over the age old initial
version IPv4 (since 1981).
 It has capacity to expand the available
address space on the Internet enormously,
using 128 bits vis-à-vis 32 bits of IPv4.
 Address limit of IPv4 is of the order of 4
Billions, while that for IPv6 is 3X1039.
(3000 Billion Billion Billion Billion).
Major weaknesses of IPv4
• Limited Address Space as addresses are 32
bits (4 bytes) in length.
• No identification of packet flow for QoS
handling by routers.
• Address configuration either manually or
through DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration
Protocol).
• Security and mobility
additional efforts.
support
needs
Advantages of IPv6
•A larger address space and flexible addressing
scheme
•Efficient and Hierarchical Addressing
Routing with Streamlined header format
and
•Inherent support for secure communications
•The ability to allow differentiated services
•Better support for mobility
•Auto-Configuration capability supporting ‘plug
and play’
11.Spectrum Utilization Trends
• Radio Spectrum availability is key to the success of
exploitation of new radio technology trends.
• Being a limited resource, innovative evolution and
management techniques required for optimum utilization.
• Usage of Multi-Layer, Hierarchical frequency-reuse based
on macro, micro and pico, femto cells, Cell splitting,
Synchronous Frequency Hopping, Narrow banding etc.
• Use of Adaptive, Intelligent Antenna Array and
Scattering.
• Enhancing the information carrying capacity of radio
spectrum by Multi-level Modulation, Compression, AMR
Coding, DTX, DSI ,OFDMA etc. to move towards
Shannon’s Limit.
12.Mega Technology Trends
• Core Infrastructure – Robust, Agile, Cheap,
Invisible
• Network – Packetised, Secure, Reliable,
Broadband, Ubiquitous, Service -oriented
• Devices – Always-On, Connected, Smart,
Converged (IAD)
• Application Development – Fast, Open, DIY
Future Dominant Technologies
Backbone:- Optic Fiber (Carrier Ethernet)
Access:- Wireless Based (4G, Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, VSAT, FSO), xDSL
Optic Fibre:- DWDM, Optical Cross Connect, Optical Switch and
Router
Radio:- Spread Spectrum, SDR (Software Definable Radio), CR
Modulation:-Multipoint QAM
Multiplexing:-OFDM
Switching:- Packet Switching (IP)
Addressing:- IPv6, E.NUM
Customer Premises Equipment:- Converged (IAD), Triple play
Chips: - Supercomputer/ System on a chip (SOC)
14.Next Generation Broadband
Converged Network (NG BcN)
“Next generation network(NGN) which provides seamless
converged services from Telecom, Internet & Broadcasting
infrastructure at any time, anywhere to anywhere, from any
device to any device as per the wish of Customers.”
Converged Services
Open Application Interface
QOS
Broadband
IP
Inter-operatability
Wire + Wireless
Voice + Data
Telecom + Broadcasting
‘Any Media’
‘Any Mode’
‘Any Service’
15. ICT Opportunity for Indian Railways
• 1000 Towers- Share Infra, Create Rlys. Wireless
Corridor ( Rlys. dedicated spectrum band)
• 5 Lakhs Copper Loops- Broadband, Triple Play
• 500 Exchanges- IP DSLAM POP
• 40,000 Km OFC- Packetise,Lease-out and Collaborate
• 10,000 Km Cu-Quad- Digitalise
• 7000 Railway Stations- Hot Spots, E-services Outlets
• 20,000 KM of Digital radio (34Mb)- Packetise(100Mb)
• Use Innovative Green tech.- Earn Carbon Credits
• 15 Million daily passengers and 1.5 million employeesCaptive Customer Base, Smart Cards,Service bundling
• Popular Railnet- Leap frog to Next Generation-IPV6
• Become ATN ( Alternate Telecom Network)- A
Multimedia Super Highway with Rural Access to
contribute towards Nation building ( Bharat- Nirman).
THANK YOU
Satya N.Gupta
Chief Regulatory Advisor,
BT GS,SAARC and India
E-Mail satyen.gupta@bt.com,
sngupta57@yahoo.com