Altai Super WiFi
Altai Super WiFi
Altai Super WiFi Training
WiFi Network Planning
Professional Services
Altai Technologies Limited
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Module Outline
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Altai Super WiFi
Altai Super WiFi
Basic WiFi Technology
Wireless Network Planning
Coverage Planning
Site Survey
Wireless Backhaul Link
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Altai Super WiFi
Altai Super WiFi
Basic WiFi Technology
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WiFi Standard
Altai Super WiFi
Altai Super WiFi
11b
11g
11a
11n HT 20
11n HT 40
Frequency
band
2.4GHz
2.4GHz
5GHz
2.4 or 5 GHz
2.4 or 5 GHz
Maximum Data
Rate
11Mbps
54Mbps
54Mbps
130Mbps
300Mbps
Usage
Access
Access
Bridging
Both
Both
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Wireless Operation Modes
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1
Bridge
Access
Point
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Altai Super WiFi
Altai Super WiFi
CPE
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Repeater
Indoor
Access
Point
Internet
1. Access Point (AP Mode) – 2.4GHz for laptop access
2. Repeater Mode – 2.4GHz for wireless in and wireless out
3. CPE Mode – 2.4GHz for wireless in and Ethernet out
4. Bridge Mode – 5GHz for wireless backhaul link
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Wi-Fi Spectrum
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Altai Super WiFi
Altai Super WiFi
802.11b/g/ng are operating at 2.4GHz
Different countries have different spectrum allocated for Wi-Fi
To minimize the overlapping, it is recommended to have a separation
25MHz, i.e. 5 channels.
Example of Separate Channels at 2.4GHz are 1, 6, 11
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Wi-Fi Spectrum
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Altai Super WiFi
Altai Super WiFi
802.11a, 802.11na are operating at 5GHz
All 5GHz channels are “non-overlapping” channels.
Spectrum (GHz)
Available Channel Number
5180MHZ - 5320MHZ
36,40,44,48,52,56,60,64
5500MHZ - 5700MHZ
100,104,108,112,116,120,
124,128,132,136,140
5180MHZ - 5320MHZ
36,40,44,48,52,56,60,64
5500MHZ - 5700MHZ
100,104,108,112,116,120,
124,128,132,136,140
802.11na
(HT40ext CH+1)
5180MHZ - 5300MHZ
36,44,52,60
5500MHZ - 5660MHZ
100,108,116,124,132
802.11na
(HT40ext CH-1)
5200MHZ - 5320MHZ
40,48,56,64
5520MHZ - 5680MHZ
104,112,120,128,136
Operation Radio
802.11a
802.11na (HT20)
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Altai Super WiFi
Altai Super WiFi
Wireless Network Planning
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Wireless Network Planning
Altai Super WiFi
Altai Super WiFi
Determine the coverage area
and requirement
Preliminary determine number
of sites and locations
Perform site survey
(Site Info stored in the database)
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Conduct a coverage survey
(Optional)
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Taking photos
Determine power
supply and backhaul
determine a
preliminary pole
location
May need to redetermine the pole,
or even, site location
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Wireless Network Planning
Altai Super WiFi
Altai Super WiFi
Site acquisition & Installation
•
Go back and
determine
antenna
configuration
should be
changed, or
more sites are
required
Site configuration &
acceptance test
No
•
OK
Determine if the coverage
and service meet the
requirements.
Yes
Keep maintenance
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Altai Super WiFi
Wireless Network RequirementsAltai
Super WiFi
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Target Coverage Area
– Dimension of the area on a map
– User distribution
– Building/Trees distribution and height
Anticipated Number of Users
– Potential subscribers
– Can take reference to no of schools, mobile phone subscriber number,
WiMax users
Wireless Application
– Voice over IP
– Surveillance camera
– Email or web surfing
Wired Backhaul
– Uplink and downlink bandwidth
– Availability and extensibility location
Installation Site
– Possible site acquisition
– Power availability
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Coverage Area Estimation
Altai Super WiFi
Altai Super WiFi
• In sub-urban area, we assumed cell radius of A8n to
be 0.35 km
• In dense-urban area, we assumed cell radius of A8n
to be 0.25 km
• In sub-urban area, we assumed cell radius of A8Ein
to be 0.60 km
• In dense-urban area, we assumed cell radius of
A8Ein to be 0.40 km
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Network Capacity (A8Ein)
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Altai Super WiFi
Altai Super WiFi
Estimated maximum throughput per user is 1 Mbps
An average of 20 Mbps throughput per A8Ein
20 concurrent users at maximum traffic for the A8Ein
Typical activity ratio is 20%
100 concurrent users per A8Ein
Oversell ratio is 4
100 x 4 = 400 subscribers per A8Ein
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Site Survey
Altai Super WiFi
Altai Super WiFi
• Site information
– Stored in a database for reference
– Site Location
– Site Location Details
– Site Photo
– Photo of each sector view
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Site Survey
Altai Super WiFi
Altai Super WiFi
N
A
B
D
C
Example Site Map
Rev:
update on
1.0
4/13/2010 9:57
Site No.
Site Name
Address
22A
ParkPlace
406 W. Woodstock st.
Antenna Height
10m
Example Site Information
Configuration
Bearing
Sector A 10
Sector B 70
Sector C 130
Sector D 190
Downtilt
5
5
10
10
Example Site Configuration
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Site Acquisition
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Altai Super WiFi
Altai Super WiFi
Site Negotiation
Power Supply and Wired Network Link
Antenna Installation Planning
Site Confirmation
Installation Layout and Construction Plan
Site Information Database
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Site Installation (A8Ein)
Altai Super WiFi
Altai Super WiFi
North
0.7m
0.7m
A
1m
Side-View 3
0.8m
1m
Side-View 3
>1.7 m
Rooftop
Height  25m
Pole base
1m x 1m x 0.125m
Rooftop
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Altai Super WiFi
Altai Super WiFi
Coverage Planning
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Calculate Downtilt
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Altai Super WiFi
Altai Super WiFi
The cell coverage could be confirmed by downtilt
Assume
– h : antenna height
– d : distance
–  : downtilt angle
The down tilt angle is:
 = arc-tan( h / d)

h
– Example 1:
h = 20m, d = 500m
 = 2.3 
– Example 2:
h = 80m, d = 500m
=9
d
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Case Study – Scenario 1
Altai Super WiFi
Altai Super WiFi
• Case
Antenna at 20/F rooftop ( h = 80m), A8Ein vertical
beam width is 12 

• Scenario 1
If the user needs to focus on the area of 500m location:
then, d = 500m, h = 80m
 =9
h
Note:
d1 = 290m
d2 = 1,479m
d
d1
d2
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Case Study – Scenario 2
Altai Super WiFi
Altai Super WiFi
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Case
– Antenna at 20/F rooftop ( h = 80m), A8Ein
vertical beam width is 12 
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Scenario 2
– If the user needs to cover up to 500m, but most
the WiFi clients are located close to the radio site,
then, d2 = 500m, h = 80m
 =9
- Downtilt = 9  + 6  = 15 

h
Note:
– d = 298m
– d1 = 198m
d
d1
d2
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Angle Meter
Altai Super WiFi
Altai Super WiFi
• Depends on
– Antenna height
– Antenna vertical beam-width
– Distance required
– WiFi Users Distribution
Angle Meter
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East Palo Alto, USA
Altai Super WiFi
Altai Super WiFi
Objective
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Community Interact Program
providing Internet access to nonprofit and charity organizations
Problem
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Original mesh AP supports less
than 2Mbps with latency
problems
Solution
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Community Wireless selects Altai
as the replacement product
12 BTS deployed in an area of 7
sq. km
Blanket 70% of East Palo Alto City
Provide coverage to over 35,000
residents
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East Palo Alto, CA, USA
Altai Super WiFi
Altai Super WiFi
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Estimated Coverage
Altai Super WiFi
Altai Super WiFi
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Hub Site Locations
Altai Super WiFi
Altai Super WiFi
Hub 2
2 km
Hub 1
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Location of the Test Site
Altai Super WiFi
Altai Super WiFi
Site 06
Site 10
Site 09
Site 05
Site 03
B6
B7
B9
B8
Site 11
B4
Hub 2
Turbo 11a
switch
B2
Hub 1
switch
Internet
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Altai Super WiFi
Site 1: Predicted/Planned Coverage
Altai Super WiFi
Predicted Coverage
Measured Coverage
0.32 mile
Site 1
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Altai Super WiFi
Site 2: Predicted/Planned Coverage
Altai Super WiFi
Predicted Coverage
0.32 mile
Measured Coverage
Site 2
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Altai Super WiFi
Altai Super WiFi
Site Survey
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Altai Super WiFi
Field Measurement in Hangzhou
Altai Super WiFi
Site 2
Site 1
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Site Location
Altai Super WiFi
Altai Super WiFi
North
Building Height  75m
Zhong Shan Road North
P2
Lower Rooftop
(19/F)
Upper
Rooftop
Two site locations
P1
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Site 1
Altai Super WiFi
Altai Super WiFi
Antennas
A8
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View from Site 1
Altai Super WiFi
Altai Super WiFi
D (310°)
C (280°)
B (220°)
Northwest
(Wulin Square)
West
A (150°)
South (Zhong Shan
Road North)
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Site 1, Sector A
Altai Super WiFi
Altai Super WiFi
• Zhongshan Road North
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Site 1, Sector A (upward)
Altai Super WiFi
Altai Super WiFi
• Seeing the building from
Fengqi Road
(at 250m distance)
Site 1
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Altai Super WiFi
Altai Super WiFi
Wireless Backhaul Link
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WiFi Bridge
A2 WiFi Bridge
Altai Super WiFi
Altai Super WiFi
802.11na 5GHz
5GHz External Antenna
Switch
Internet
A8Ein Super WiFi
802.11b/g/ng 2.4GHz
A2 WiFi Bridge
802.11na 5GHz
Switch
Internet
A2 WiFi AP
802.11b/g/ng 2.4GHz
B5 Ultra Bridge
5GHz Bridge
Switch
Internet
A8-Ein Super WiFi
802.11b/g/ng 2.4GHz
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WiFi Bridge
Altai Super WiFi
Altai Super WiFi
• External Antenna Options for A8Ein and A2e
– High gain directional antenna: 20dBi
• WiFi Bridge Requirements
– Clear Line of Sight (LOS)
– Fine tuning antenna alignment
– Configuring bridge distance in web admin
• Common Bridge Distance: 5~10km
• B5 Bridge Ultra Long Distance: 20~80km
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Altai Super WiFi
Altai Super WiFi
Coverage Mapping
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Coverage mapping
Altai Super WiFi
Altai Super WiFi
• Coverage mapping is important step to examine the result
of the network planning.
• Measure the DL RSSI of different AP along the path in
specified area.
• Tools for WiFi Coverage mapping
– InSSIDer with GPS
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Coverage mapping result exampleAltai
Altai Super WiFi
Super WiFi
600m
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Coverage mapping
Altai Super WiFi
Altai Super WiFi
• Result of the coverage mapping is used to
– Adjust the down tilt, direction, height and transmit
power of AP
– Determine if additional sites required to add to improve
the network coverage.
• Coverage test is always encouraging before site
acquisition of new sites to confirm the new sites coverage
– Setup A8Ein in the new sites temporary with tripod and
do coverage mapping.
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Altai Super WiFi
Altai Super WiFi
Thank You
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