Lesson: Preventive Health
Programs
Unit – Veterinary Foundations
Course – Veterinary Science
Mr. Dieckhoff
Vaccinations
The Immune System
Video:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IWMJIMzsE
Mg&p=40E41A9D4B85C861&index=31
Vaccines Mimic the Real Disease
Vaccinations
 Types
 Killed – disease agent is dead (rabies), by heat or chemical
 Advantages – do not replicate
 Disadvantage – requires more disease agent, increased risk of
allergic reactions
 Modified Live – takes agent and changes it to be mild
(attenuation – changing disease)
 Advantages – replicate once in body, less antigen is required
 Disadvantages – mild infection symptoms (fever), lethargic for
12-24 hours
Inappropriate or too frequent use of a vaccine can be harmful
Vaccinations
Maternal Antibodies
Colostrum
Temporary (only 6-8 weeks)
Don’t vaccinate under 6 weeks old because
clash with maternal antibodies
Very important to make sure mothers are up to
date with vaccinations
Canine Diseases & Vaccinations
DHLPP (Distemper Booster or Distemper
Combination)
Distemper
Hepatitis
Leptospirosis
Parainfluenza
Parvo
Corona (C or CV)
Distemper
 Attacks Respiratory
and Neurological
Systems
 Symptoms –
thick discharge from
eye
High fever
Leads to death
Spread by raccoon, foxes,
coyotes, other dogs
Hepatitis (Type 2)
 Infectious Canine
Hepatitis
 Attacks liver and
kidneys
 Symptoms –
High Fever
Loss of appetite
Extreme Lethargy
Leads to death
Leptospirosis
 Microscopic corkscrew
bacteria
 Spread through urine
 Common in rural areas
around livestock
 Symptoms –
 Loss of apetite
 Fever
 Vomiting
Leads to Death
Vaccinate has large side
effects
Parainfluenza
 Attacks respiratory
system
 Combines with
Bordetella
 Contagious in poor air
circulation
 Symptoms –
Persistent cough
Parvo
 Most commonly seen
(especially in 1970s)
 Attacks digestive
system
 Transmitted through
stool
 Symptoms –
Vomiting
Bloody diarrhea
Kills lining of small
intestine
Corona (C or CV)
 Mild case of Parvo
 Symptoms
Diarrhea without blood
Rabies
 Concentrates in saliva
 Ends in brain
(paralysis/death)
 Transmitted by foxes,
skunks, bats, coyotes
 Symptoms –
Cannot swallow
Large amount of saliva
Aggressive temper
Bordetella (Kennel Cough)
 Not deadly, but easily
spread
 Common in kennels,
dog shows, groomers
 Symptoms –
Deep cough
Vaccines – injectable and
intranasal
Lyme Disease
 Transmitted by ticks
 High in hunting dogs
 Symptoms –
Fever
Lameness
Swollen Joints
Giardia
 Protozoan found in
stagnant water
supplies
 Symptoms –
Severe diarrhea
Rancid Odor
Cat Diseases and Vaccines
FVRCP (Cat distemper vaccine)
Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis
Calicivirus
Panleukopenia
Chlamydia (optional)
Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis (FVR)
 Symptoms –
Sneezing
Discharge from eyes
and nose
Lifelong symptoms
Calicivirus
 Cause oral ulcers
 Symptoms –
Cold-like
Pneumonia
Panleukopenia
 Feline distemper
 Spread by water,
urine, fleas
 Symptoms –
Loss of appetite
Lethargy
Vomiting
Bloody diarrhea
Abortion
Chlamydia
 Symptoms –
Severe eye infection
Sneezing
Rabies (RV)
 Same as dogs
Feline Leukemia - FeLV
 Inhibits immune
system
 Caused by facial
contact
 Symptoms will show
secondary disease
Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)
 Transmitted by fecal
matter
 Ascites (bloated) –
fluid build up in belly
 Given Intranaselly
 Symptoms –
Fever
Weight Loss
Vaccine Schedules
 Vaccinating a Puppy
 Start 6-8 wks of age – physical exam, stool check, deworming,
1st puppy shot
 Vaccine interval is usually every 3-4 weeks
 Completion is 16 wks (newer vaccines 12 wks)
 Vaccinating an Adult Dog
 2 distemper-parvo combination shots spaced 3-4 wks apart
 Rabies start at 12-16 wks of age, repeat every 1-3 years
 Vaccinating a Cat
 3-4 week interval
 Start at 7-9 weeks of age
 Finish kitten vaccines at 12-16 wks of age
Tips to Handling Vaccines
1.
2.
3.
4.
Always keep refrigerated
Always use new needles or syringes
Always reconstitute properly
Multi-dose vials should always be mixed prior to
withdrawing
5. Follow Manufacturer’s guidelines
6. Never mix inappropriate vaccines
7. Do not administer multiple vaccines into the same area
8. Inject vaccine slowly
9. Rub injected area
10. Record type, brand, lot, and serial number of
vaccination
Hearthworm Prevention
 An infection of
Dironfilaria Immitic
 Spaghetti-like worm
 Live in Blood Stream
 Symptoms –
Coughing
Weigh-Loss
Labored Breathing
Spitting Up Blood
Death
Heartworm Prevention
 See handout
1.
2.
3.
4.
What are the bodies natural infection fighting molecules called?
Which type of vaccine is likely to stimulate a more pronounced immune response?
What is the typical age we can begin to vaccinate a puppy?
Why might a puppy vaccinated with a modified live virus be lethargic or sleepy for
a day or so?
List a prominent symptom of each disease:
5.



6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
Distemper
Parvo
Rabies
Review Questions
– 17 Pts
Which vaccine is sometimes given intranasally to dogs?
How is Lyme disease spread from one dog to another?
Of all the dog diseases covered in this section, which ones are transmissible to
people?
At what age can a kitten receive a rabies vaccination?
Which disease may cause young cats to get a bloated appearance?
How is the feline leukemia virus spread from cat to cat?
FIP, if given, is administered in what location?
Why do we often wait until 6 or 8 weeks of age before vaccinating a kitten or
puppy?
How often should the puppy vaccinations be repeated during the initial vaccination
series?
At what age do we attempt to conclude the puppy or kitten series?
If a puppy were not brought in until it was 9 weeks of age and it had never been
vaccinated before, at what other ages would the puppy need to come back for
additional boosters?
When is the rabies vaccination given to dogs? Cats?